Ongumnikazi Sberbank eRussia? Ngubani umnikazi we-Savings Bank of Russia?

Umlando yebhange wezwe ngobukhulu - Sberbank - has eminyakeni engaba ngu-170. Umholi Russian uhlelo yasebhange bekulokhu umamukeli we Savings amabhange, umlando okuyinto uya isisekelo ngo 1841. operation esitebeleni weemali kuqinisekiswa isimo uqobo, njengoba kwakunjalo ungumnikazi esigxotsheni ukulawula lapho sibhekene Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Ububanzi ezibanzi imisebenzi

Sberbank eRussia uyilungiselelo esiyingqayizivele zezimali enikeza amasevisi zayo kulo lonke leli zwe. emagatsheni amabhange zitholakala hhayi kuphela cishe njalo emzini isimo, kodwa futhi ukuze ziphumelele emazweni CIS, eJalimane, eSwitzerland, China, Turkey naseNdiya. Miningi imisebenzi yezimali ubanzi kakhulu, okuyinto akunakubangelwa ukusungulwa isigaba jikelele. Ukubambisana inikeza ezihlukahlukene ezifakwa bendabuko kanye loans, amakhadi esikweletu imali Ukudluliselwa, umshuwalense, ngisho Brokerage. Emuva ngo-2013 yisabelo izinkampani zezimali ninamathele mayelana 43,3% wabo bonke imali. Ngokuphathelene umthamo iphothifoliyo boleko isimo, khona-ke zaba 32.7% kanye 32,1% (loans ngabanye kanye ezisemthethweni). Izakhamizi babezimisele ukuba ubambisane inkampani futhi musa noma ucabange umbuzo ngabe yasebhange Sberbank eRussia.

Ukuqamba ezikhungweni zezimali

Sberbank uye ngizame ukuhlale ngikulungele ukuhambisana izikhathi ngokuthuthukisa izinga kwamakhasimende nokuzama ubaphe imikhiqizo ezintsha. isikhungo yezezimali kahle wazama, enikeza amakhasimende ayo ithuba ukude ukuphatha akhawunti abo. Siyabonga kuziteshi akude, afana ne-intanethi yebhange, "Sberbank Online" futhi i-SMS isevisi "Mobile Banking", ukusabalalisa izimali zabo kanye ukuqapha kwemali zezimali sekulula kakhulu. It Sberbank ungumnikazi inethiwekhi elikhulu ATM futhi POS ezikhumulweni ezweni lonke. Ephawula iqhaza ngqo izikhungo e izinhlelo ezehlukene emphakathini ukuthi kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kazwelonke namasiko. Sekuyisikhathi eside iningi nje akunandaba ukuthi ubani ophethe Savings Bank of Russia, njengoba abaphathi bayo kanye nabanikazi mikhulu ukuba sibhekane nazo zonke imisebenzi.

Monopoly noma umphumela amabutho njalo?

Sberbank kungokwalabo esigabeni kwezikhungo ukuhweba ngemali futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba ibhange esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Ngokocwaningo lwamuva, ukusungulwa abahola ke isimo iningi likufuna nokunokwethenjelwa isikhungo sezezimali Russian. Ngokwezibalo, njalo kwamanye amazwe Umelekeleli - sikhungo iklayenti. Ngokufanayo, kukhona isimo nge credits. Bangaphezu kuka-30% imali esimweni kwathiwa ehlotshisiwe by Russian oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. Khuluma iqiniso lokuthi yasebhange osebenza njengokuvimbelayo monopolist, ayilungile. Umlando ukuthuthukiswa inhlangano yezimali emashumini eminyaka ezayo ngeke sifinyelele uphawu engu-200. inhlokodolobha siqu we-Institute imayelana 1.6 isigidintathu ruble. Uma ucabangela umbuzo wokuthi ngubani ophethe Savings Bank of Russia, singasho ukuthi ayinayo umnikazi eyodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba azitholele ukwabelana isakhiwo esikhulu sezimali ungase cishe ubani umuntu.

Ubani okhuluma egameni lomnikazi ebhange?

Umnikazi esemqoka ye isikhungo sezezimali iyona Central Bank of Russia, eqinisweni uhulumeni yasekhaya. isabelo sayo kohlaka dolobha ibhange ngokugunyazwa 50%, kodwa okukodwa okungu share ukuvota. Uma silinganisela iphesenti ubunikazi ngamasheya ukuvota, kuyoba azisizi 52,32%. Ngaphansi kwengxenye amasheya ephethwe ngu-270 izinkulungwane ezahlukene abantu. Ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi kuleli ukwabelana is owned by ngabanye ezizimele. Ikota ukwabelana isikhungo sezezimali is owned by zimali angaphandle. Ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ayengobani umnikazi we-Savings Bank of Russia, kuyinkinga kakhulu, kusukela isinyathelo we-Institute njalo futhi badayise phezu MICEX futhi RTS isitokwe Ukuhwebelana kusukela ngo-1996. Kwikota yokuqala ka-2007, ukuphathwa yebhange sincumo udaba olwengeziwe kwamatayitela endalini, esangenza ukwandisa inhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe inkampani ngo-12%. Ngokwamanani emali, lesi sibalo oluhambisana ruble 230 billion. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi u-40% wabo bonke ukuthengiselana ku MICEX zihlobene ngokuqondile amasheya lesikhungo ngobukhulu zezimali wezwe.

Kungani kunzima ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana ongumnikazi we Savings Bank?

Ngenxa yokuthi engaphansi kwengxenye Sberbank amasheya e iflothi khulula, kuba yinkinga kakhulu thembeke zembula amagama abanikazi bayo. Lolu lwazi kungenziwa anikezwa abasebenzi weemali, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi kuphela kuleso simo, uma ehlangene nezithakazelo zoMbusi umuntu futhi ulwazi ngokwalo uhlose ukuthenga amasheya kwenhlangano. Uhlu labo ephethwe Sberbank eRussia is ehlelekile nhlobonhlobo ngisho ngenxa yokuthi ukuthengwa ukwabelana in the sakamuva, ezimweni eziningi, wenziwa ngenhloso nomholo. Lokhu kuholela ukushintshana okuqhubekayo abanikazi. Namuhla, ukuphathwa zamasu nezokwenza umsebenzi we-Institute Kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo igunya ezintathu: emhlanganweni masheya, iBhodi Supervisory Nokuphathwa Board. Usihlalo ebhodini eyakhe Germanu Grefu.

Yini uthi umthetho kahulumeni?

Ngokuma ngoNovemba 1, 2014 Central Bank of the Russian Federation ungumnikazi 52.32% wamasheya ukuvota ka Sberbank. Uma imininingwane ukucabangela ongumnikazi Russian Central Bank, kungase kuqashelwe, "sivikelwe" ka isimo Savings Bank. Encwadini isikhalazo zomphakathi namuhla mayelana 47,68% wamasheya. Ngokuhambisana inombolo umthetho kahulumeni 86, ukunciphisa noma ahlukaniswe ka Bank of Russia enhloko-dolobha ogunyaziwe Savings Bank, okuyinto kuzonciphisa esigxotsheni ngaphansi kuka-50% plus isabelo esisodwa ukuvota, ke kungaba kwenziwe kuphela ngesisekelo umthetho kahulumeni. It bavunyelwe ukunciphisa isabelo Central Bank ku share capital, engeke kuholele nokuncipha kwenani amasheya ngaphansi kuka-50% plus isabelo esisodwa ukuvota. Lesi sinqumo zingenziwa kuphela ngemva kwesivumelwano ngaphambi nge uhulumeni waseRussia.

Ushintsho lokuqala nokulingana

Kuze isinqumo ukudayiswa Amasheya Sberbank eRussia ngo-2012, Central Bank okumalungana 60,25% ubunikazi. I ukuzungeza zomphakathi babe% 39,75 kuphela amasheya. Naphezu ushintsho iphesenti abanikazi enkampanini yezimali, ukuphendula ngokunembile nangokunembile yombuzo wokuthi ngubani ophethe Savings Bank of Russia, kuyinkinga. Singasho ukuthi izinqumo ezibalulekile zenziwa futhi amukela isimo egameni Central Bank. Ezinye izindaba zika-ukwabelana is hhayi okuhloswe ngaso ukwehlukana ubunikazi, kufeza ukwandisa inzuzo yezezimali.

Indlela ukuthenga amasheya we Savings Bank?

Sberbank eRussia bamasheya, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuthenga esigxotsheni ubunikazi lesikhungo ngobukhulu zezimali yezwe kusukela ngo-2006 ku-yasekhaya isitokwe Ukuhwebelana MICEX futhi RTS. Namuhla, ngokudayisa izibambiso uqhutshwa phezu Moscow Stock Exchange nakwi-London Stock Exchange yokudayisa phansi. Ungaba ube umnikazi wamasheya, sicela uthintane ngasiphi igatsha lasebhange, esemgwaqweni esifundeni ohlala kulo. Ukubhalisa amalungelo ubunikazi wenziwa khona idokhumenti egomela ungubani isakhamuzi yeRussia. Lapho uthenga akwabelanayo exchange stock kumele wazi ukuthi value abo Ungashintsha kakhulu, hhayi kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa, izinguquko eziningi e intengo kungenzeka esimisiwe ngosuku. Uma ucabangela umbuzo wokuthi ngubani ophethe ukwabelana Sberbank eRussia, sikwazi ukukhuluma inombolo eziningi sabantu, uhlu okuyinto kushintsha njalo. Abantu ukubuka isenzo njengoba ubunikazi isikhungo ngobukhulu zezimali kuleli zwe, kodwa ngaphezulu njengoba ithuluzi zokuhweba, ngokusebenzisa ukudayiswa kanye ukuthengwa ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola imali ezinzile.