Ukubuyekeza mayelana nebhange "Izezimali nekhredithi", ukuphawula kwamakhasimende

Ukuqala ukutadisha ukubuyekezwa mayelana nebhange "Izezimali nekhredithi", kufanelekile ukuqala ngezindadi ezincane. Isikhungo sezezimali saqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 19, 1990. Ekuqaleni, isikhungo sabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni yibhange lase-USSR njengebhange lase-Ukraine lebhizinisi lokubambisana. Eminyakeni emihlanu, ngo-Okthoba 13, 1995, lesi sikhungo sathola igama layo langempela futhi saba yibhange lebhizinisi "Izezimali Nezikweletu".

Umlando womsebenzi

Inhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe yasebhange ngo-2006 yayilingana ne-biliyoni ezimbili hryvnia. Ngonyaka ka-2007, inhlangano ithole uhlobo olusha lobunikazi futhi yaba inkampani enomkhawulo wemfanelo. NgoJulayi 2011, kunqunywe ukwandisa inhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe yesikhungo sezimali nge hryvnia million million. Ngo-2009, lesi sikhungo sinesimo sezinkampani ezihlangene, futhi ekhanda lakhe kwakuyi-Vladimir Khlyvnyuk, owayeyaziwa njengomphathi ophezulu wokuhola amabhange ase-Ukraine.

Kuwo wonke umlando omude wokubuyekezwa kokukhona mayelana nebhange "Izezimali kanye nekhredithi" ishiye umbono omuhle mayelana nalesi sikhungo, njengoba sigcwalisa njalo izibopho zayo. Ukuqinisekiswa okuphelele kwalokhu ukuhlolwa kuka-2011 kusuka ku-rating rating-Credit-Rating, eyanikeza isikhungo izinga lokutshala izimali uaBBB. Isibikezelo sasizinzile. NgoFebruwari 2012, izimpahla ze-Institute zafinyelela ku-UAH 22,877 292 billion.

Umlando ovelele kanye nokubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba

Kusukela maphakathi no-2014, isikhungo sezimali "Izezimali Nezikweletu" singaziqhenya ngedumela layo elibukhali. Abalingani beBhange basekela osebenza nabo, ngoba wayemkhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ugcwalise izibopho zakhe ngokuzikhandla nangokuzifeza. Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano zomthetho, wenza njengelungu leNhlangano yamaBhange ase-Ukraine futhi wayengelungu le-Ukrainian Stock Exchange, i-PFTS ne-Kiev Banking Union.

Ubulungu buyenzeka kulezi zinhlelo zomhlaba wonke ezaziwayo njenge-VISA International ne-MasterCard International, i-Western Union, i-PARD ne-AVERS. Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bemali elawulayo, lesi sikhungo sasiyiqembu lokuqala lamabhange. Njengangaphambili, i-Ascania LLC (i-45.92% yamasheya) kanye ne-PJSC F & C Realty (41.58% yamasheya) ahlala abanikazi bamasheya e-Institute njengoba ngaphambili. Umzukulu oyinhloko uyisomabhizinisi wase-Ukraine kanye nephini labantu uKonstantin Valentinovich Zhevago.

Umkhathi wezezimali ebhange

Naphezu kokuthi isikhungo sezezimali siyaqhubeka ukusebenza, ukubuyekezwa mayelana nebhange "Izezimali kanye nekhredithi", okubhekene nokubhekene nokuxhumana okungalungile, kubonisa isimo esingehlukile. Ngokuhambisana nokusebenza ngokwezimali kwenhlangano ngo-Mashi 2015, izimpahla zayo zilingana namaphesenti angu-41,470,386. Umthamo wamatyala u-39,183,614 hryvnia, futhi ukulingana kwabanikazi bamasheya kuye kwasala inani lama-2,286,773. Cabanga kuphela kwenza inzuzo yenzuzo, okuyinto ngokusho kolwazi lwakamuva kufinyelela ku-715 777 hryvnia.

Izithunywa zokuqala zenkathazo

Ukubuyekezwa kokuqala mayelana nebhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu", okwakuthola ulwazi mayelana nokwenqaba ukugcwalisa izibopho zezikhungo zezezimali ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zediphozi, zaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kuka-2015. Amaklayenti asebhange awazange asabele ngokushesha ngaleso simo, ukubheja ukuthi isilinganiso se-dollar, esasikhuphukile ngaleso sikhathi, saphoqelela izinhlangano eziningi ezivela emkhakheni wezezimali ukuba ziphinde zibukeze inqubomgomo yazo yokusebenza.

NgoFebruwari 2015, inani labantu abangenelisekile ngomsebenzi webhange landa ngamashumi noma ngisho namakhulu amaningi. Izimo ezizimele ziphenduke isimo esihlelekile. Uma ekuqaleni abantu bathi ibhange livele linciphise izinkokhelo ezindizeni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma linikeza isikhathi eside ngokwemibandela emihle, izinkokhelo zanamuhla zivele ziqhwa, futhi abasebenzi bezikole zezezimali bathi akukho cash.

Iyini inkimbinkimbi yalesi simo?

Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi izikhungo eziningi zezezimali ze-Ukraine ziye zabhekana nezinkinga ezithile mayelana nesimo sezomnotho emhlabeni. Abanye babo basho ngokusemthethweni ukuthi bachithekile, abanye babenqatshelwe ilayisense. Ngokuqondene nesimo esibucayi, singasho ukuthi amagatsha ebhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu" avaliwe ngokuphelele ezweni lonke. Isikhungo sezimali, ngenxa yokungqubuzana neRussia, salahlekelwa imali eningi ngenxa yekhefu ngokubambisana nabatshalizimali abavela eMoscow naseMoscow.

Ukubambisana kwakhe kuleso simo kwaletha ukuphuma okukhulu kwenhloko ngenxa yokwesaba phakathi kwamakhasimende azama ukuhoxisa imali yabo enhlanganweni ngokushesha. Okwamanje, nakuba ibhange lingagcwaliseli izibopho zalo emalini amancane, ubuholi balo busho ukuthi isimo sisheshe sizinze. Futhi i-NBU ayisheshi ukuthumela ummeleli enhlanganweni, ngoba yena ngokwakhe usekela ngezimali ngokwemali.

Ama-Rallies kanye nokungahlangani okukhulu

Ukungena kwebhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu", ngokusho kwamakhasimende amaningi, akude. Iphesenti elikhulu labantu lithi ngaphambi kokuqala kwenqubo yokukhishwa kwemali, ihlala isuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya konyaka. Umzuzi wesikhungo kanye neSekela lika-Ukraine uZhevago uthi ngokucacile isikhungo sezezimali asihlangabezi nezinkinga futhi akukho sengozini yemiphumela engenakunqunywa. Okusele okumele kwenziwe kumakhasimende anganelisekanga kuyisimangaliso. Abantu abangazange babone iminikelo yabo emigomo esungulwe yizivumelwano, babuthele futhi bahlele imibuthano nemibhikisho. Lezi zigameko zenziwa ngokuzibandakanya kwabezindaba abaseduzane neNBU eKiev, kodwa futhi kulo lonke elase-Ukraine.

Ukukhwabanisa okungakaze kwenzeke

Ngaphezu kokuthi zonke izimali zebhange "zezezimali nezesikweletu" ziye zaqhwaza futhi zingenakufinyeleleka kubanikazi babo, abantu abaningi bakhuluma ngokunyanyisa kwabasebenzi benhlangano. Ngokuhlelekile kukhona imibiko yokuthi amahhovisi akakwazi ukunikeza impendulo yangempela kunoma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nokukhokha. Kunobufakazi bokuthi isimo sengqondo esibhekiswe kubantu abazama ukubuyisela imali yabo emthethweni. Ukungazinaki ngokuphelele amakhasimende akuyona into embi kakhulu, uma ukholelwa ekubuyekezweni okuningi.

Ungadlulisi izinguqulo

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi i-NBU ayengakaqapheli ngokusemthethweni ukuqothulwa kwezezimali kanye ne-Credit Bank futhi ayizange iqalise ukuphathwa kwesikhashana ukuze kuxazululwe isimo nabatshalizimali ngale ndlela, ngokusho kwamakhasimende, kusekhona ezinye izono ezisele sikhungo. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwezakhamuzi ezingekho eziyishumi ezikhohlisiwe ezishiya izimvo zabo kwi-intanethi, ibhange lithatha ukudluliselwa kwemali, kodwa aliziphathe. Amanye amakhasimende athi isikhungo esinjengesiMali kanye neBhange leMali sikwenza ngokungafanele. Ukudluliselwa kubalingani bezamabhizinisi kwakhiwe ngokomthetho, noma kunjalo, imali kumnikazi wendawo yokuthengisela ngesizathu esithile ayifinyelelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazange babuyiselwe kumnikazi wabo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulahlekelwa ngabalingani bamazwe angaphandle abalahlekelwayo kanye nokulahlekelwa ebhizinisini labo.

Kwenzekani ebhange le-intanethi?

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isikhungo sezimali esikhulu e-Ukraine, i-Internet Bank "Yezezimali Nezikweletu" isebenza ngaphakathi kwe-LLC. Ngaphambilini, kwakuyithuluzi elihle lokusabalalisa ukugeleza kwezimali kwekhasimende ngalinye. Ukudluliswa kwezimali, ukukhokha izikweletu zesevisi, ukulandelela isimo se-akhawunti nokuningi okuningi okwakungatholakala ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi. Namuhla, konke kushintshile kakhulu, futhi impendulo enhle mayelana nensizakalo ishintshe ngokuphelele ukufutheka kwamakhasimende.

Uma ukholelwa ukuphawula okuningi, ibhange le-Inthanethi "Izimali Nezikweletu" namuhla cishe cishe akusebenzi. Uma uphatha ukufaka i-akhawunti yakho siqu, lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzama okuphindaphindiwe. Abantu bathi namuhla le nsizakalo ayinalutho, ngoba zonke izici zisesimweni esingasebenzi. Amakhasimende abhala ukuthi nge-intanethi isevisi abakwazi ngisho nokuhlola ibhalansi kumakhadi, ngoba akukho lwazi kubo olubonakalayo.

UZhevago uthini nokuthi amazwi akhe amaningi afana kanjani neqiniso?

Kusukela ezinkulumweni ezisemthethweni zikaZhevago kwaziwa ukuthi isikhundla sebhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu" manje sesinelisayo. Ubeka ngokucacile ukuthi akukho mbuzo wezinkinga, ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhungo sezimali sithuthuka ngempumelelo. Umnikazi wemininingwana oyinhloko ugcizelela ukuthi inhlangano manje isebenza ngenani elikhulu lemikhakha yezimboni, ezilokhu zandisa imiqulu yazo yokukhiqiza. Lesi sisekelo sezomnotho yisisusa sokuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo.

Umnikazi webhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu" ngokusobala uthi isikhungo sezezimali sithwala ngokukhawuleza kumakhasimende ayo sicabangela imingcele ebekwe yi-NBU. Ngokuqondene nolwazi oluchazwe yiSekela likaZhevago liyiqiniso, kunzima kakhulu ukwahlulela, ngoba ekubuyekezweni okuningi, amaklayenti athukuthela ngokuphambene. Ukusho okuningi, abanye abezindaba bafaka ulwazi lokuthi izindaba zephini likaPhini azihambi kahle, njengoba esho. Ngokuvumelana nombiko wokuhlola wenkampani ethi "Ferrexpo", abanikazi bamabhondi bathola isipho sokulungisa kabusha lesi sikweletu. Lokhu kubonisa kuphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-oligarch yase-Ukraine ilahlekile.

Ayisindisi ngisho ne-refinancing

Kusakazeka kabanzi ukuthi abalingani bakhe benqaba ukwamukela izimali ezivela kwi-Institute "Finance and Credit" ngokubonakala kwezinkinga zokuqala. Kwavela ubunzima abathile lapho bezama ukuthola kabusha i-NBU. Izinkinga zamanzi ezenzeke phakathi kukaDisemba 2014 noJanuwari 2015 azizange zisuswe ngokushesha. Ukusekelwa kokuqala ebhange kusukela ehhovisi laseGontareva kwahlinzeka kuphela phakathi no-Febhuwari ku-700 million hryvnia. Ngo-Mashi 2015, ulwazi lwamukelwe ekuvuseleleni okulandelayo ngenani lemali engu-276 million, futhi kamuva kancane - i-hryvnia million million.

Ukujova okuphindaphindiwe kwezimali akuzange kuveze umphumela okulindelekile ngenxa yokuphuma okukhulu kwezimali. Iphothifoliyo yama-deposits, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezinkinga zokuqala kanye nokubolekwa kwemali yokuqala yokuqiniswa kusukela ku-NBU, yancishiswa yi-18.5 billion hryvnia, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaJune enye i-hryvnia eyizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-16.5 ihoxisiwe esikhungweni sezezimali. Ngokusho kolwazi olunikezwa umagazini iForbes, ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, abatshalizimali bakwazi ukuwina amacala angama-400 ebhange, ngaphansi kwawo lapho befaka khona ukukhokha amakhasimende abo.

Ukuguquka okungalindelekile kwezehlakalo futhi kufinyelele phezulu

Naphezu kokuthi amaklayenti amaningi ebhange asezandleni zabo izinqumo zenkantolo, ngokusho ukuthi isikhungo sezimali sinesibopho sokukhokha izikweleti, asikwazi ukuthola imali yabo. Inkinga yukuthi izinsizakalo eziphezulu ziyenqaba ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokuphathelene nesinqumo seNkantolo Yokuphatha YesiFunda saseKyiv. Khumbula ukuthi uMahluleli uBalaklitsky unikeze isikhalazo, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo eziphezulu kanye nanoma yimiphi imizimba yazo, abanikazi bamalayisensi kuNBU kanye namahhovisi ayo, kubandakanya nezikhungo zezezimali njenge Ukreximbank, Pravex-Bank, Uksotsbank kanye "I-Citibank", inqatshelwe ilungelo lokuqhuba noma yiziphi izenzo zokuphoqa nokukhipha ababoshiwe kwi-akhawunti yebhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu."

Amakhasimende amaningi acabanga ukuthi umnini webhange "Izezimali Nezikweletu" uzama ukumgcina ehamba nayo yonke impi yakhe, kufaka phakathi izindleko zabatshalizimali. Kunolwazi olwengeziwe olunikezwa ngabanikazi be-deposit, ngokusho ukuthi bakulungele yini ukunikeza amaphesenti angu-50 ediphozi, kodwa esimweni sokuthi isigamu sesibili sihlala esikhungweni sezimali. Ukukwahlulela nokukhuluma ngokuthi ulwazi olunembile oluvela emithonjeni yezindaba kanye namakhasimende kunzima kangakanani. Kusele ukulandela isimo bese udweba iziphetho ezifanele mayelana nezenzakalo.