I-Opera ne-Ballet Theater "La Scala", e-Milan, e-Italy: i-repertoire

I-opera yavela e-Italy futhi kamuva yathuthukiswa lapho njengengoma yobuciko neyemangalisayo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, izikhungo ze-opera zazibhekwa njengeVenice noma eNaples. Ngemuva kokuba kwakhiwa i-"La Scala" ngokuhlelwa kweNdlovukazikazi yase-Austria uMaria-Theresa, isendwangu sokuqala kuloluhlobo oludlulele eMilan. Ngakho-ke lihlala kuze kube namuhla. Le "Ithempeli le-Opera", njengoba livame ukubizwa emphakathini, linomdlali walo, i-ballet troupe kanye ne-orchestra engenakulinganiswa, edumile ngemidlalo yabo emangalisayo emhlabeni wonke.

Umlando wokuziqhenya kukaMilan

Le midlalo "La Scala" yasungulwa esakhiweni lapho kwakukhona khona isonto laseMilanese, kamuva labizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo esisha. Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngumdwebi odumile walezo zinsuku, uJoseppe Piermarini, futhi lakhiwa iminyaka emibili ngo-1778.

Konke ubuhle besakhiwo bufihlekile ngemuva kobuqili obuqinile futhi obungabonakali, okwenziwa ngesitayela se-neoclassical. "I-La Scala" (iMilan) yasungulwa ngokushesha, njengoba isandulela sayo sishisiwe, futhi umbuso wase-Italy wawudinga umphumela osheshayo wokwakhiwa futhi unqwenela ukwenza izinto ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka kwendawo yaseshashalazini kwakungazange kunakekelwe kakhulu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuthinte umhlobiso wangaphakathi wehholo nge-acoustics enhle, lapho yonke imithetho ye-optics ihlonishwa khona lapho uthola izindawo.

Ngaphandle kwe-opera ne-ballet, kwakukhona izindawo eziningi esakhiweni lapho izilaleli zendawo zingahle zijabule khona. Lawa kwakunamakamelo okugembula ahlukahlukene kanye nama-buffets, lapho adlulisa khona imidlalo enkulu yamakhadi futhi ajabulela injabulo enkulu eMelika. Ngakho, ezweni lonke, iLa Scala yaba isikhungo sangempela sokuphila kwezwe. I-Milan yaba idolobha lapho abathandi bezemidlalo nabathandi be-opera bevela emhlabeni wonke bezama ukuthola.

Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa kabusha kaningi, futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwaqedwa ngokuphelele ubuso bomhlaba bese ubuyiselwa esimweni sayo sangempela ngu-engineer kanye nomqambi uL. Secchi.

Abaculi nabantu abakhulu abakwenzayo emidlalo yaseshashalazini

Amakhosi amakhulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi adala imisebenzi yawo iLa Scala. I-Italy ihlale ikulindele ngesineke ukuthi kuzoba yini okusha ezinkathini, ezabelwana ngaleso sikhathi entwasahlobo, ehlobo, ekwindla kanye nesikhathi sokugubha. Ezintathu zokuqala, izilaleli zazihlale zijabule ngemisebenzi emikhulu ye-operatic, kanti okwesine yanikezelwa emikhiqizweni ye-ballet neyehlukene yokukhanya kwezemidlalo.

Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye leminyaka, iningi le-repertoire yaseshashalazini lalihlanganisa ama-opas abhalwe yi-master of bel canto - uGiacacino Antonio Rossini. Kuyimbonga kuye ukuthi isitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi sokusebenza kwalolu hlobo lwangena emfashini. Bese imisebenzi yabo yamangaza izilaleli zikaDonizetti noBellini, futhi zenziwa yizo zonke ama-opera divas odumile - uMaria Malibran, uGiiditta Pasta nabanye abaningi.

Kodwa isenzakalo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ukufika "La Scala" (Milan) yomqambi wezwe waseDutch u-Dzuzeppe Verdi. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi ama-opera ase-Italy ayathandwa kakhulu e-Italy kuphela, kodwa nase-Europe yonke.

Ukubukeka okungekho okuphawulekayo kwaba ukubonakala emibonweni ka-Arturo Toscanini, osevele eseminyakeni yakhe encane wadumala ngokusebenza kahle komsebenzi "Aida". Ngaphambi kwakhe e "La Scala" wayengumqhubi, engakutholi ngokuphelele izidingo ezidingekayo, kodwa uToscanini angakwazi ukunqoba umdlalo wakhe ngisho nezinyathelo ezikhethiweyo zokudlala indawo. Kamuva waba, ngaphezu kweposi lakhe eliyinhloko, futhi wayengumqondisi wezobuciko, okwenze izinguquko eziningi ezinhle empilweni yaseshashalazini.

Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, emibonweni yaseLa Scala, iMilan kanye nezilaleli zakhe zengcweti bangacabanga ukuthi ama-opera amakhulu ekhulu leminyaka, njengoRenata Tibaldi noMaria Callas, balwela isihloko se-prima. Kwakukhona owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke: uLuciano Pavarotti, Enrico Caruso, Montserrat Caballe, Placido Domingo, kanye namazwi angcono eRussia: Fedor Chaliapin, Leonid Sobinov nabanye abaningi.

I-repertoire yezinsuku zethu

Le midlalo ivula iminyango yayo kubathandi bezobuciko ngomhla ka-7 kuDisemba, kanti inkathi iphele phakathi kwehlobo. Kuze kube yimanje, i-opera "La Scala" ingaba yocansi futhi yesimanje. Kusukela esiteji kuzwakala imisebenzi yabaqambi bezikhathi ezedlule nezamanje. Ukubamba iqhaza kubo bamenywa abaqhubi abahamba phambili, abaqondisi nabaculi abavela emhlabeni jikelele.

Kanye eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini kunezinhlelo ezidume kakhulu nama-opas afana no-Aida, u-Falstaff no-Othello, umdali wakhe uGippeppe Verdi, kanye noMadama Butterfly womqambi uGiacomo Puccini nomsebenzi owaziwa yizinkundla eziningi zemidlalo yaseshashalazini UVincenzo Bellini "Norma". Zethulwa emphakathini kokubili ngesitayela se-classic nasekusetshenzisweni kwanamuhla - ngenxa yemingcele yezobuchwepheshe ezingenakulinganiswa, okuvumela umqondisi ukuba enze noma yikuphi afuna ukuyisebenzisa ekukhiqizeni kwezemidlalo. Ngakho-ke, lapha i-repertoire ihlale ijabulisa umbukeli wayo.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zigaba ezinhle, ungathola ama-opas kuwo wonke ukunambitheka. Isibonelo, abaqambi bezinga eliphezulu emhlabeni njengoRichard Wagner, Gioacchino Rossini, uGaetano Donizetti, uPyotr Tchaikovsky, uModest Mussorgsky noCharles Francois Gounod.

Phakathi kwe-opera nemidlalo yezemidlalo ngesikhathi sonyaka, izilaleli zijabule ngamakhonsathi wezinkanyezi zomhlaba ezihlukahlukene kanye nemidlalo ye-choir yabo, ehambisana ne-orchestra.

Idlalwa yiphi indima?

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusungulwa kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ubuciko be-ballet babenendawo ebalulekile emlandweni weLa Scala. UMilan nezilaleli zakhe ngosuku lokuvula babona ukukhiqizwa okujabulisayo kwe "Captif Cypriot", umculi we-choreographer owaziwa yiwo wonke owaziwa yiLegran.

Abantu abakhulu kakhulu abadlala indima ebalulekile ku-ballet, njengoL. Dupin, uD.R. Rossi no-U. Garcia, basebenza emidlalo yaseshashalazini.

Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, igumbi le-ballet yendimu yaseshashalazini yaba yindume kakhulu futhi idumile kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kamuva kancane ezindongeni ze "La Scala" yasungulwa isikole se-ballet, lapho kwakufundiswa khona ama-choreographer amahle kakhulu.

I-Museum

Eceleni nokwakhiwa kwezemidlalo, kunesinye isakhiwo, lapho kukhona khona imiboniso eminingi ezinikezelwe kuphela kuLa Scala, kodwa kuyo yonke i-opera art yase-Italy yonke. Lapha ungabona izingubo, imiphumela yomuntu kanye nezithombe zabaculi abadumile, kanye nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zomculo ngisho nemidlalo emidlalweni embalwa, eyake ithanda umphakathi wendawo yaseshashalazini esikhathini esidlule. Iningi leqoqo lalezi zinto lithengwe endalini ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Amathikithi nemithetho yamanje

Ukuze ungene esakhiweni sezemidlalo, kufanele ulandele ikhodi ethile yokugqoka. Amadoda kufanele agqoke izigqoko eziqinile, nabesifazane - emigqokeni ende ehambisana namahlombe.

Thenga amathikithi e "La Scala" angaqala kusuka kuma-euro angu-25 futhi aqede ngamakhulu amaningana. Ngosuku lokuvula - izindleko ezingena phezulu, futhi kungcono ukubhuka indawo kusengaphambili. Phakathi nonyaka wonke, ungakhokha cishe ama-euro angu-30 ukuze uvakashele enkundleni yaseshashalazini, futhi lokhu kubheka ukuthi isihlalo sitholakala emgodini.

Naphezu kwamanani anjalo, abalandeli abaningi be-opera bazama ukufika lapha ekuqaleni kwenkathi.