Isiko somculo sezwe lomdabu. Imisebenzi yesiko lomculo wezwe langokwemvelo

Iningi lezinhlangano zentsha zihlose ukubuyisela isithakazelo sabafundi emcebeni wezamasiko wezwe. Enye indlela yokudonsa ukunakekelwa kwezingane emcebweni wangomlando ukuletha inkambo yokubuyekeza esikoleni sekhari. Isiko somculo sezwe lomdabu siyisinye sezihloko ezinjalo. Ekuqaleni ukuhlolwa, isiyalo siqine ngokuqinile empilweni yanamuhla yezifunda eziningi zaseRussia. Akusho nje kuphela imfundo yezingane ngokuhlonipha amasiko, kodwa futhi nokugqugquzela ukuzimisela nokuthanda izwe.

Iyini isiko lomculo wezwe lomdabu?

Ngesikhathi sokuqala into enjalo yayicatshangwa mayelana nama-80. Kusukela ngo-1983, izingxube zomculo nezidansa zaqala ukuvela ePrimorye, zisekelwa ngamakilabhu omculo wendawo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi emlandweni waseRussia izinsuku eziningi ezibalulekile namagama avele.

Ngo-2000, kunqunywe ukuhlela uhlelo lwesikole ngendlela yokuthi izingane zifunde kabanzi ngamasiko endabuko, futhi isihloko esisha sibonakala ohlelweni lwesikole samabanga aphansi. Imisebenzi yomculo womculo wezwe lomdabu ihlanganisa ukwakheka kombono ophelele womculo wokudala wezindawo ezihlukene, kanye nokukhuthazwa kokubamba iqhaza kwabantu abasha ezenzweni zomhlaba wonke.

Kubani?

Ngokungangabazeki, kubalulekile ukufaka umqondo wothando lomhlaba wezingane kusukela esemncane. Ekuqaleni, lolu hlelo lwamukelwa esikoleni samabanga aphansi nakuzo zonke izikole ezikoleni zezemfundo ezinezinselelo zomculo. Kamuva, lesi sihloko sabamba inqwaba yezemfundo ejwayelekile yezikole eziningi kulo lonke elaseRussia. Kodwa-ke, isiyalo esithandwayo "Isiko somculo sezwe lomdabu" asenzanga futhi sabuyela efomini layo langempela elisebenzayo. Iphutha eliyinhloko kwakuwukuntuleka kohlelo olulungisiwe, futhi othisha babengenakulungiswa ngokwengqondo ukuqhuba isihloko esisha.

Ukubukeka kwamanje

Manje isiko lomculo sezwe lomdabu sifundwa ngemodi eyamukelwe ezingeni likahulumeni ozimele wezindaba zaseRussian Federation. Isibonelo, ku-Cheboksary - kusukela ku-5 kuya kweyesi-9. Isiko somculo sezwe langokwemvelo (isithombe esithathwe emkhosini womlimi wezemvelo) sikhuthaza noma yisiphi isinyathelo sokudala sesizukulwane esincane kule nsimu.

Amahora angu-33 ngonyaka, izingane zifunda ukubekezelela amasiko namasiko abo bonke abantu abahlala kulesi sifundazwe. Okuthakazelisayo ikakhulukazi uhlelo "Imikhuba Yomculo Yezwe Lamazwe", elinikezwa izingane ezisencane. Ibanga lesi-7 yisikhathi lapho abantwana banikezwa khona ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwabo emkhakheni we-ethnography, obuye ube nesici esibalulekile sesifundo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi indaba idalwe ukufundisa abantu abasha, hhayi ukufeza uhlelo. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lolu hlelo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze abafundi beze esifundweni ngisho kanye ngesonto, kodwa ngenjabulo.

Igatsha

Isiko somculo ezweni lomdabu (i-Urals ubufakazi obuqondile) selithole imvume kwezinye izindawo ngesizathu esihle. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukuvuselelwa okusebenzayo kokunyakaza kweCossack kwaqala, okungeke kwenzeke kodwa kuthinte isiko lesifunda. Umculo wangempela nezingoma zaqala ukuqhutshwa ngamaqoqo ahlelekile. Isici esibalulekile salesi simo siwukuthi isiko le-Cossack lihlanganisa isiRussia, isi-Ukrainian, isiTatatar nezinye izinto, ezihambisana nemisebenzi yendaba.

Ukuvuselelwa kwamasiko omculo akukhona nje kuphela ezingeni lobuciko bomuntu. Futhi, kunemikhosi nemikhosi, lapho wonke umuntu angabona khona ithonya lomculo womculo ekuthuthukisweni kwesifunda, futhi ahlanganyele ekhonsathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wekonsathi wamukelwa emibuthanweni yentsha ngisho nangaphezulu kwabadala.

Namuhla izinsimbi zomculo ziyingxenye ehlukile esiko. Kokubili umoya nezintambo zifakwa emyuziyamu. Isibonelo, isikhumbuzo selokhu sinyamalale, kodwa sithatha indawo ebalulekile emlandweni wezinsimbi zomculo wezinsimbi zaseRussia. Ngakho, abafundi bathola ulwazi olubalulekile ngomlando wokuthuthukiswa komculo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ungathola futhi izinto eziyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, e-Yakutia, ithuluzi eliyinhloko yilona udoti (okufanekiselwe), okungesilokho isigaba. Uhlelo lubuye lunikeze ithuba lokufunda ukudlala izinsimbi.

Izici zezindawo

Isiko somculo esifundeni ngasinye sihlukile ngokwezingqinamba ezicatshangelwayo. Abanye bagcizelela umculo womuntu, abanye bagxila kumdlalo othize ngethuluzi elilodwa (Yakutia). Naphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo, isifunda ngasinye senza umsebenzi owodwa - ukubonisa inhlonipho ngamasiko kanye nesifundo sabo esijulile.

Isiko somculo sogu lolwandle lwesifunda saseSamara sibuyela esikoleni sokuqala. I-Samara ingenye yezikhungo ezindala kunazo zonke zesiko, lapho izihlakaniphi eziningi zazihlala khona. Ukucabangela lokhu, lolu hlelo lugxile emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa komculo eRussia. Phakathi kwezindawo ezingavamile zingabonwa izingoma ze-gypsy.

Umuzi uphinde ubambe iSitatimende Sase-Samara State of Culture, esiqhuba inqwaba yamaphrojekthi wokudala nokwenza, kugcizelela ukuhambisana kwalesi sifundo kuzo zonke izici zayo.

Isifunda sase-Yaroslavl sinomkhosi ozinikezelwe ezinkanjeni, ezigcinwe endaweni yesigodi.

Okuhlukile

Lesi sihloko siyisinyathelo sokuqala seRashiya. Isiko somculo sezwe langokwemvelo (iRussia lizwe elizwe jikelele) libheke izici zomuntu ngamunye wezinkolelo zobuzwe bazo kanye nendawo yabo yesifunda.

Emazweni amaningi, izifundo eziningana ze-ethnographic orientation zifundiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Noma kunjalo, isiko lomculo wezwe lomdabu lisekela inqubo yokufunda ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezwe elincane. Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu kuvumela abafundi ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nomuzi wabo. Kusukela namhlanje sibhekana nokungazi amasiko omhlaba wezwe esiyingxenye yesizukulwane esincane, kuyadingeka kakhulu ukukhombisa ukuthi umlando ungaba mnandi futhi ujabulise.

Kanye nezincwadi, imifanekiso nezingoma, amakhonsathi agcinwe, angeke akhiphe isithakazelo ezinganeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihloko sikuvumela ukuba uhlanganise izibonelo zama-eras ahlukene.

Imisebenzi

Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kokutadisha okujwayelekile komculo, abafundi baya emicimbini ehlukahlukene yamazwe omhlaba. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ezinye izifunda ziye zafaka ukuvakashelwa okuphoqelekile emidlalo yaseshashalazini nasemphakathini wamafilimu kabili ngonyaka wesigamu. Amakhonsathi afanayo avakashelwa izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, okuvumela ukuthuthukisa amakhono olimi ezingeni eliphezulu.

Akukho mcimbi womculo okwenzeka ngaphandle kwezingubo zikazwelonke noma ukudansa. Ukuphathwa kwenkambiso yezifunda kwenza kube lula ukuvumelanisa ukwenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka ekuboneni izingane zesikole. Ngonyaka ka-26 Mashi, i-International Day of Theatre iqhutshwa, lapho zonke izibalo zamasiko zihlanganyela.

KuSuku LwaseMhlaba Lomculo, izikole zomculo zihlela amakhonsathi, lapho abahlanganyeli bama-orchestra kanye nezibalo zamasiko bemenywa khona.

Isimo sengqondo somfundi

Iphrojekthi yocwaningo "Imikhuba Yomculo Yezwe Lamazwe", eyenziwa ngabafundi ngokwabo kanye nabaphathi bayo, baqala umsebenzi wokuphendula lo mbuzo: ingabe kuyisiyalo esithakazelisayo sokutadisha? Noma mhlawumbe umsebenzi kuphela kubafundi umane nje uzuze ukwazisa?

Ngokusho kocwaningi lwabafundi, kwakunqunywa ukuthi emazingeni ahlukene okufunda le ndaba ayithandeki kakhulu. Kwabafundi emazingeni aphezulu, indaba ijwayelekile, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga ekusebenzeni imisebenzi yokudala. Isizathu salokhu singase siphinde sifihle iqiniso lokuthi abahlanganyeli abaningi bakhetha umlando wokudlula ukuhlolwa kweNyunyana Yobumbano, okuhlanganisa imibuzo mayelana nesiko. Ezingqungqutheleni zesayensi nezisebenzayo, umculo wezomculo ubonakala njengeyunithi ehlukene yomkhakha womlando, lapho okushiwo khona amaphrezentheshini namaphrojekthi athakazelisayo.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukuze abafundi banesithakazelo esikoleni samabanga aphansi, uthisha uzodinga ukuthi enze imisebenzi yokudala.

Noma kunjalo, iningi lokungajabuli libangelwa ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa okunikezwa phakathi nonyaka. Kule ndaba, abazali babafundi bahambisana nabafundi ngokwabo. Bakholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthatha izifundo ezisebenzayo nezibonwayo nezivivinyo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuvusa isithakazelo ezinganeni.

Kufanele ngiqhubeke?

Uma lo mbuzo uvela ukuthi ngabe isiko lomculo wezwe lomdabu siyadingeka kumongo esinikezwayo manje, impendulo iqinisekile ngempela. Nokho, uma sikhuluma ngentshisekelo yabafundi, khona-ke uhlelo lufuna ukulungiswa.

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokunye ubunzima ekunqobeni udonga phakathi kwezizukulwane nezikhathi zomlando, ukuqeqeshwa kusekela imisebenzi ebalulekile. Uma kugcwaliseka, sizoziqhenya ngokukhuluma ngokuthanda izwe kanye nolwazi lwabo lwesiko labo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, kufanelekile ukuchitha ihora ngeviki iminyaka embalwa ukuthola izwe lakho nomlando walo kangcono.