Kuyini zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ukuhlola sonozungezilanga. amaplanethi okusha sonozungezilanga

Kuyini yesimiso sonozungezilanga? Lena ekhaya sibe ngabantu sonke. Yini-ke aqukethe? Kanjani futhi kwamiswa lapho? Ngasinye kubalulekile kwati kabanti ngaloko ekhoneni emthaleni esiphila.

Kusukela phezulu ukuya phansi

Isifundo "isimiso sonozungezilanga" kufanele kuqale iqiniso lokuthi yokugcina liyingxenye ngendawo yonke enkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa olungenamkhawulo. Esikalini yingqondo yomuntu ukukuqonda lokho. Kunamandla izibonakude yethu lokho, kujula sibheka ekujuleni komkhathi, zithola okwengeziwe sibona khona izinkanyezi nemithala. Ngokusho imiqondo yesimanje yonke has a isakhiwo ethile. Futhi siqukethe imithala amahlukuzo abo. Indawo lapho isimiso sonozungezilanga - emthaleni i-Milky Way. Siqukethe izinkanyezi engamakhulu bhiliyoni, eziningi zazo zifana ilanga. izwe lethu - lomatima ophuzi yemifino abavamile. Kodwa engxenyeni enkulu sibonga ubukhulu nesizotha futhi lokushisa esitebeleni esimisweni sakhe wakwazi ukunakekela nokusekela ukuphila.

ukuvela

kunemibono yanamuhla ka ukuvela sonozungezilanga inikeze exhumene ne imicabango mayelana kwemvelo yonke. Ukuvela wakhe namanje akwaziwa ukuthi waphelelaphi. Kukhona onobuhle ezahlukene kuphela zezibalo. Ngokwe ezivamile zazo Universe yethu umsuka iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa billion edlule e-Big Bang. Kukholakala ukuthi inkanyezi yethu, eminyakeni 4.7 billion. Mayelana yobudala efanayo nesimiso sikanozungezilanga. Uneminyaka emingaki walishiya ukuphila? A sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-Sun izoya umjikelezo esilandelayo sokuthuthuka bese uba giant ebomvu. Ngokusho izibalo seningi ososayensi, mkhawulo we nomkhathi wawo kuyoba nje ibanga umzila wokuzungeza komhlaba. Futhi uma ngemva isamba okunjalo enkulu sikhathi, isintu isazobakhona abantu ukuthi kungaba inhlekelele ngempela endaweni yonke. Kodwa konke lokhu esikhathini eside esizako. Sinjani isimo namuhla?

Izidumbu sonozungezilanga

Ngakho, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthi, yebo, inkanyezi yethu. Abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo wanika igama lakhe ngokuthi ilanga. It is egxile ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye amaphesenti amane obukhulu kuzo zonke izinhlelo. esisodwa kuphela-akhawunti ye-amaplanethi yabo iziphuphutheki, emkhathini, asteroyidi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye Kuiper ibhande umzimba. Ngakho-ke yini System Solar? Lokhu ilanga futhi konke kugxile ke. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

ilanga

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inkanyezi - enkabeni ohlelweni lwethu. Usayizi siyakhazimula yayo. Ilanga ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho Umhlaba ezikhathini amathathu namashumi amathathu amawaka! Futhi ubukhulu bayo ingenye engamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye izikhathi mkhulu kunomhlaba. I kwabantu isilinganiso ndaba solar izikhathi 1.4 kuphela ephakeme kunaleyo kwabantu amanzi. Kodwa lokhu akufanele kube edukisayo. Ngempela, ezindaweni ezimaphakathi we ukuminyana inkanyezi ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu izikhathi mkhulu khona ngenxa ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu futhi ukusabela yenuzi uqale. Lapha, hydrogen elakhiwe helium.

Khona-ke ukudedela amandla okuholela idluliswe nge Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows kuya engxenyeni engaphandle futhi dissipated emkhathini. Ngokusho ososayensi, Sun yethu manje amaphesenti ayisikhombisa nanhlanu yakhiwa hydrogen ne-25%-helium, ezinye izakhi engekho ngaphezu kuka-1%. Endaweni yokuqala kuthiwa ilanga iqhakazile okuphelele, ngenxa yokuthi fuel kuseyimfihlakalo kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isikhathi selungelo izinkanyezi alesi sigaba (yemifino ophuzi) ineminyaka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Asikwazi ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana isakhiwo ilanga. Ngezinye isikhungo salo core omkhulu, kulandele ekhazimulayo yokudlulisa amandla zone, Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows, futhi photosphere chromosphere. On the last okuyingxenye kukhona prominences. Sunspots - indawo e ebusweni inkanyezi lapho izinga lokushisa komzimba lingaphansi kakhulu, ngoba babheka mnyama. Inkanyezi yethu uzungeza kuma-axis awo azungeze nge esiyizinsuku ezingu Umhlaba amabili nanhlanu ka. Akukhona neze ihaba ukuthi sonke isimiso sonozungezilanga kuncike isimo inkanyezi. Darkroom sokutadisha izinqubo kuwo zidalwe ngisho nomjikelezo.

mercury

Lesi yisihloko sokuqala umzimba cosmic, okuzokwenza ukuhlangabezana thina, badonswa, baphuma ilanga. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isondele kakhulu ebusweni kushisa kakhulu futhi cishe awekho emkhathini. It kungokwalabo okuthiwa amaplanethi eliwumhlaba. Izici ezivamile: ukuminyana impela high, khona igesi-amanzi emkhathini, inani elincane iziphuphutheki, khona-nucleus futhi isiphuku cortical. Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isimo Mercury cishe bancishwa - ke ashaye ama-solar wind. Khumbula ukuthi ivikela Umhlaba yamandla kazibuthe amakhulu kanye nebanga. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, imvilophu gaseous ka Mercury angasahlelwa itholiwe, liphethe metal ion, okuyinto shabalala ebusweni iplanethi. Kube khona (ngesilinganiso esincane) umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen bese kuthi amagesi inert.

Mercury ihamba phakathi Sun ku-orbit side. isikhathi sakho esemkhathini 88 izinsuku Earth. Kodwa ukuze ujike emhlabeni ahlangene iplanethi liyadingeka cishe 59 izinsuku. Ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi lokhu Mercury kukhona lukhulu lokushisa kusuka lokususa 183 ukuze uhlanganise 427 ^{0 0} Celsius.

iplanethi cratered ebusweni, izintaba ongaphakeme nezigodi. Kukhona futhi komkhondo Mercury kokucindezelwa (ngenxa Ukupholisa ngomoya core metal) - ngesimo Amashalofu okubeka side). Ososayensi basikisela khona amanzi ice kwezinye izindawo komthunzi iplanethi.

Venus

Eyesibili ilandelana iplanethi enguMhlaba-like elangeni. Ngu kakhulu kokweqa usayizi ka Mercury, kodwa kancane amancane kunomhlaba kokubili mass ubukhulu. Satellites ayatholakala. Kodwa khona esimweni obukhulu, okuyinto efihla cishe ngokuphelele emehlweni ethu ebusweni Venus. Ngenxa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi yalo iphezulu kakhulu ku Isolezwe: kumanani esilinganiso ukufinyelela ⁰ 475 Celsius, kungekho iyehla iyenyuka sina diurnal. Esinye isici emkhathini - imimoya esiqine endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha amaningana (ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha ngomzuzwana), lezi iziphepho. Yini ebangela - akucacile. Isibhakabhaka siqukethe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha we-carbon dioxide ka. Umoya-mpilo Ne umhwamuko azinakwa. Ngenxa fly to the iplanethi mkhathi eziningana, ososayensi bakwazi ukudamane bethola ibalazwe sasivumela enemininingwane Venus. surface iplanethi sika sehlukaniswe emathafeni futhi amagquma. ezwekazini ezimbili ezinkulu kungathiwa. Ziningi umthelela asemigodini.

umhlaba

Gxila iplanethi yethu, thina ngeke, ngoba kusese wafunda kakhulu futhi eyaziwa kahle kumfundzi. Kodwa uyini yesimiso sonozungezilanga ngaphandle umhlaba? .. mangisho ukuthi indlu yethu namanje kubabangele eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Earth - iplanethi isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, okuyinto iyathela ngesisindo sezinti giant elinegesi nokuba ibhantshi amanzi. isikhathi esemkhathini emhlabeni inkanyezi siyizinsuku ezingu-365, futhi ibanga kuso - ezingu-150 amakhilomitha - sithathwa iyunithi yezinkanyezi. Isho ukuthi Earth - iplanethi sonozungezilanga, esesikhundleni babebaningi kakhulu umngane kuphela, bese uya phambili.

Mars

Futhi manje sibhekene planethi ebomvu ngaphandle kwenkinga - iphupho ezesayensi kanye nendikimba ethile esemkhathini mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo indoda alupheli ukuzibuza. Manje ku yeplanethi i-Mars usebenza mkhathi. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi isivele uya khona ukuthumela mkhathi bavimba imigwaqo. Kungani-ke abantu benesithakazelo kangaka Mars? Yebo, ngenxa yezimo le mbulunga esiseduzane Earth. Izazi zezinkanyezi yesikhathi esidlule ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi Mars ineziteshi amanzi nokuphila plant. Ukucinga for the yokugcina ngenhlanhla usaqhubeka. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyoba iplanethi kuqala lapho umuntu uqala ukufunda zesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Ngu mass Mars enkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunezwe Earth. Isibhakabhaka Its ngempela kwaphela futhi bahlanganisa ikakhulu-carbon dioxide. Isilinganiso izinga lokushisa - lokususa 60 degrees Celsius. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo yenkabazwe, kungaba bakhuphukele ekuqaleni. ngonyaka Mars ihlala izinsuku eziyisithupha namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa Earth. Futhi ngenxa orbit emhlabeni ngempela welula, sikhatsi semnyaka zihlukile ubude. Izinti planethi embozwe mncane yiqhwa. Mars asemigodini ocebile futhi amagquma. Kule planethi ebomvu ngaphandle iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e isimiso sonozungezilanga - Olympus. ukuphakama kwalo imayelana 12 amakhilomitha. Futhi Mars has izinyanga ezimbili ezincane - Phobos futhi Deimos.

ibhande elisemkhathini

Itholakala phakathi umzila wenyanga Mars kanye Jupiter. Eqinisweni, lena indawo ebanzi kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Kuyo ungathola kwesigidi amasayithi ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezincane - kuze kube amamitha angamakhulu amaningana. Kodwa kukhona imidondoshiya ezifana Ceres (ubukhulu - 950 km), Vesta noma palladium. Okokuqala, kucatshangelwe asteroyidi, kodwa ngo-2006 neyaziwayo amaplanethi yemifino, efana Pluto. kwamiswa Zonke lezi zinto ngesikhathi kumiswa zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Mhlawumbe wonke asteroyidi - ukuthi akazange abe iplanethi ngenxa kwethonya elinamandla kumiswa okusheshayo Jupiter. Kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene kanye nemindeni ka asteroyidi. Phakathi kwazo kunezinye esenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ukuze esikhathini esizayo esikude, angasetshenziswa ezimbonini.

Amaplanethi amakhulu

Ngokungafani lokhu nendikimba ethile esemkhathini, efana Earth, amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga ngale ibhande elisemkhathini, abe mass olukhudlwana. Okokuqala nokusemqoka, yebo, i-Jupiter ne-Saturn. Lezi ziqhwaga babe izinyanga eziningi, ezinye zazo ngisho zifane ubukhulu amaplanethi eliwumhlaba. Saturn liyaziwa izindandatho zawo okumelwe zigcinwe, eqinisweni yakhiwa izinto eziningi ezincane. I kwabantu of la maplanethi kukhona umhlaba sincane kakhulu. Ingqikithi Saturn, ngokuvamile, alula kakhulu kunomoya amanzi. Cishe zonke Giants abe core okuqinile. emkhathini yabo yakhiwe e-hydrogen,-helium, i-ammonia, methane ne nengcosana nezinye amagesi. Ukwakheka uJupiter Saturn ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nokubunjwa kwelanga lethu.

Akumangazi ukuthi basuke kubhekwe izinkanyezi unformed. Ukuthi nje ababanga babe isisindo ngokwanele.

igesi True imidondoshiya Uranus ne-Neptune angabhekwa ngokwemibandela kuphela, ngoba umoya onamandla. Kodwa, kubonakala sengathi, kusadingeka endaweni eqinile. Futhi lokho lapho iqala ukuthi we Jupiter - kanzima ukusho. Kukholakala ukuthi siwumgogodla iplanethi ngobukhulu sonozungezilanga siqukethe hydrogen metallic. Cishe bonke giant ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amandla siqu (ukushisa), futhi izinto eziningi ezinkulu kuno is etholakala ilanga. Sonke kufanele izindandatho izinyanga eziningi. eziphindwe yabo zishisa phansi ungamandla angabonakali iziphepho (the phambidlana iplanethi eLangeni, namandla).

I Kuiper ibhande

Kwakuwuhambo eziseceleni System Solar. Nangu iplanethi wangaphambili Pluto (ngo-2006, kwathiwa bancishwa ukuthi isimo), kanye efana ne isisindo sakhe kanye nosayizi Makemake, Eris, Huamea. Lokhu okuthiwa amaplanethi amasha zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Futhi izinkulungwane zabantu, noma izigidi nezinye izindikimba ezincane. Ukuze kubonakale le Kuiper Belt akavele amayunithi yezinkanyezi 100 nangale. Ngu ukucabangela, izazi, nakhu kufika le inkanyezi enomsila iDemo inkathi. Oort iphazamise nesimiso sikanozungezilanga uphela. umbiko Photo kusukela kulezi zindawo, kungenzeka sizokwenza ngokushesha uthole mkhathi, "New Horizons".

Kanjalo-ke, ngamafuphi nje, esiye salubonisa ukuthi isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, futhi yini izakhi it liqukethe. Manje lihlanganisa amaplanethi ayisihlanu angase ezinkulu, inkanyezi yethu, futhi senani lezinto ezincane. Nokho, isayensi yesimanje ngokushesha asathuthuka. Futhi cishe, kusasa siyokwazi ukwazi ukuthi wathola amaplanethi amasha zesimiso sonozungezilanga.