Dissociation compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ngomqondo ebanzi, esigabeni "dissociation" lisetshenziswe physico-chemical imigomo, inquma ubunjalo noqhekeko compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi phezu izakhi kufakwe isakhiwo lezi zakhi. Ngokukhethekile ahlukaniswe dissociation electrolytic, by okuqondwe inqubo nokwahlukana compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ion bedle yezinhlayiya kuphela. Nokho omunye, ngempela ukuzimela izakhiwo, imibono ka dissociation iyona dissociation zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isici yalolu hlelo kungenxa yokuthi kwenkululeko zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ahlukahlukene kabanzi kube sezingeni izakhi ukuzinza. Nangu buka, okokuqala kunakho konke, a ukungafani izindawo ngaphakathi nangaphandle ketshezi. I izinhlayiya, okuyinto zitholakala ezingeni yangaphandle, it is kakhulu kabi ehlangene ion eziyinkimbinkimbi ngoba amakhono abo kunikezelwa kuphela esebenzisa amabutho electrostatic. Ngenxa yalokho - asethinteke disengaged kalula kusukela impahla base i isixazululo aqueous.

Lokhu dissociation zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuthi primary. It is zihlukaniswa ezinye izici ezikhethekile. Chief phakathi kwabo imele yokuthi kuthatha indawo sphere yangaphandle futhi iphela cishe ngokuphelele, futhi kufana inqubo yileyo dissociation electrolytic zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona enye inguqulo yebo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sibona omunye inqubo esethola lapho kukhona nokuwohloka sphere kwangaphakathi, inqubo enjalo ubizwa ngokuthi i-dissociation yesibili compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi.

A impahla sici dissociation lesibili ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi impahla isici, le ion emaphakathi kanye ligand eligoqiwe isimo zilingana. Isibonelo kungaba ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela. Thatha isixazululo equkethe ion eziyinkimbinkimbi [Ag (NH3) 2] +. Uma abathintekayo okuya we chloride, kwezulu olulindelekile asitholanga. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngokuvamile, by ukusabela a chloride ngenqubo evamile esiliva compounds kwenze livela ngesimo chloride esiliva. Kuba sobala ukuthi kulesi simo, inani ion eziqukethwe isixazululo ammonia, kuncane kakhulu. Kuyinto yokuthi ngisho nalapho eyafakwa isixazululo lokweqisa chloride ion, ayiyifezi ezingeni solubility esiliva. Uma Nokho, bese ikhambi okuholela ingezwe potassium ion, thina ukuthola kwenze ka iodide esiliva. Leli qiniso libonisa ukuthi ion esiliva, nakuba izinto eziningi ezincane, kodwa nokho ekhona isixazululo. Ziyazika khona okhombisa ukuthi lokuhlushwa ikhambi kwanele ukwakha kwenze. Lesi simo wachaza iqiniso lokuthi ezingeni solubility of iodide esiliva incane kakhulu kunaleyo chloride esiliva.

Ngokusho Kulesi sibonelo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi dissociation zezakhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu izixazululo kusekelwe imithetho mass action izakhi electronic, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ezinye kungenziwa esachazwa njalo yakhoibrium ibonisa ukuthi lokuphuma phambili okumisiwe ukuntengantenga we ion. Lezi constants zihlukile kakhulu ezahlukene ion izakhiwo. Isizathu salokhu ukwehluka alichaza iqiniso lokuthi constants Inkulumo zihlanganisa ion kanzulu kanye nama-molecule. Izinga emakamu zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukucacisa ezihlukahlukene ukuntengantenga constants ka -athomu.

Ukuze into enjalo njengoba dissociation zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, isici iphethini esakhiwa ngo yokuthi ephansi emakamu etholwe ngesikhathi ukusabela imikhiqizo yokubola, kulapho esitebeleni enkompolo eziyinkimbinkimbi uqobo izenzo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukubaluleka nokuntengantenga we ion zizoba ngaphansi. Izinhlayiyana okuyinto izixazululo abonise ukuzinza ephakeme, abe namanani aphansi ukuntengantenga njalo.

Ngokuvamile, kukhona okuthiwa isivinini dissociation izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi emhlabeni wangempela, ngoba isilinganiso izakhiwo ekhona isixazululo kuyahlukahluka. Kulokhu, inani ukuntengantenga constants kubalwa ngokuvele azalane abakuzuzile constants kuzo zonke izakhiwo okwethulwa kulesi isixazululo.