Lokuhlushwa izixazululo

Lokuhlushwa izixazululo - umqondo wandile kokubili inguquko yesayensi, futhi isichazamazwi yasendlini - ephawula isakhiwo ambalwa of the ukwakheka ikhambi. Ngokuhambisana amazinga kanye nezincazelo IUPAC (International Registry of zamakhemikhali) at lokuhlushwa libhekisela isilinganiso nesisindo lomcebo futhi isixazululo. Nesilinganiso lokhu isilinganiso wenziwa amayunithi imvukuzane / L noma g / L.

Uma sicabanga into, okuyinto ingxenye kungenziwa esashiwo uhlobo olufanayo namanani (isb, isisindo ukuze isisindo), zibonisa isimo isilinganiso wamukela iyizingxenye, kodwa umkhuba ngaphezulu ukusetshenziswa kabanzi umqondo wathola lokuhlushwa izixazululo.

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona ngawo ukubonisa focus. Ukuze izixazululo avame ukusetshenziswa nkulumo isakhiwo isixazululo uyaca nevolumu (ngoba uketshezi) Iphesenti kungaba ukuveza lokuhlushwa amavukuzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lo lokuhlushwa izixazululo ungaboniswa igremu okulingana. Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa lokuhlushwa inketho reflection nge titer noma molarity imethrikhi.

Ngokuvamile, lokuhlushwa izixazululo okuyinto asidingi ngokunemba okukhulu e lubonakaliswa, okubonisa amaphesenti ngesisindo. Kukhona, lapho ukunemba okuphezulu, wasebenzisa leli bhu, izihloko, noma igremu-okulingana.

Uma usebenzisa amaphesenti isisindo kumele kusetshenziswe umthetho, owawuthi lokuhlushwa Inkulumo kukhonjisiwe amayunithi efanayo, isibonelo, indlela amagremu eziningi into eziqukethwe inombolo ethile amagremu solution. Ayikwazi ezihlanganiswe amagremu reflection ivolumu amayunithi (isibonelo: inani amagremu into ngemamilimitha 100 isixazululo).

Ngokwesibonelo, uma sidinga ukuveza indlela yokwakheka isixazululo 10% kasawoti sodium ifomula lapho NaCl, khona-ke kumelwe liqondwe ukuze isixazululo 100 igramu sicuketse 10 amagremu kasawoti kanye 90 g amanzi. Kuleso simo, uma emakamu unikezwa amayunithi amaphesenti isisindo izinto (isib 25% isixazululo), kanye nesidingo ukusebenzisa isamba solution ukuthi kwakuyikho impela imali ebekiwe into (isib 5 g), ikhambi Kufanele kuthathwe mass (kulesi sibonelo - 20 g).

It has ifomula ayo ngayinye okufana lokuhlushwa reflection. Ngakho, uma emakamu iphesenti isixazululo esetshenziswa, ifomula kuba:

C = M1 / m, lapho: M1 - mass into ziyoncibilika isixazululo kanye obonakaliswe amagremu noma khilogremu, m - mass yesixazululo, obonakaliswe amayunithi efanayo.

I lokuhlushwa izinyo lomhlathi of kwakwakhe ikhambi kunqunywa ifomula: C (M) = n / V, lapho u-n - nenani ketshezi amavukuzi, V - ivolumu yesixazululo ngamalitha. Ngokusebenzisa igremu-okulingana ifomula kuthatha ifomu: C (N) = z / V, lapho V - ivolumu yesixazululo, uzwakalise ngamalitha, z - nenani kwefrakshini.

Ezimweni lapho kwabantu eyaziwa yesixazululo isimo sikuvumela ukuthi alimele ivolumu. Kodwa lena kuphela icala uma kuziwa sasivumela izixazululo kanzulu (ngaphansi kuka-1%), kusukela iphutha kule ndaba, angase abe mancane.

Ubonakaliswa amavukuzi we lokuhlushwa molarity ibizwa ngokuthi i-chemistry. Uma uthi, "isixazululo izinyo lomhlathi", kusho ukuthi 1 ilitha liquid equkethwe 1 imvukuzane into. isixazululo enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi "izinyo lomhlathi".

Uma emakamu sivezwe njengoba isibalo igremu-okulingana, okuyinto equkethwe emqulwini iyunithi ketshezi, kulesi simo, futhi le nkulumo "esejwayelekile", okukhombisa ukuthi, isibonelo, 1 ilitha liquid 1 igremu okulingana. Ngokuvamile, ikhambi elinjalo kuthiwa nje evamile.

Isihloko iphatha kuphela ezinye izindlela main zokuchaza okuhlushwa. Kwezinye izimo, uma kuziwa izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinye amayunithi ingasetshenziswa le njongo.