I viscosity amanzi

Ngaphambi sikhuluma izakhiwo amanzi, kubalulekile ukubhekana welithi "amanzi." Kuyinto ketshezi, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ayinayo umbala isici noma iphunga. Lapho amanzi ludlulele ngaphakathi kwenye isimo somzimba, it yakha amagama ahlobene zazo zibizwa njengoba iqhwa (isimo okuqinile) noma isisi (isimo gaseous). Kukholakala ukuthi ihlanganisa ezingaphezu kuka-70% ebusweni iplanethi enguMhlaba - kungcono zonke izinhlobo ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle, imifula, amachibi, izinguzunga zeqhwa nezinye izinto kwamanzi.

Amanzi kuphela eqinile okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo yakhiwa sebuningini nosawoti amaminerali kanye amagesi ahlukahlukene. Uma sikhuluma ngezici zawo ngokomzimba ke ngokushesha sibheka yokuthi ukuncibilika iqhwa kwandisa kwabantu bayo, ngesikhathi nezinye izinto kuyinto inqubo efanayo okuphambene.

Isici esiyinhloko kuba viscosity amanzi. Ngu uqobo, amandla - ikhono iyiphi into (ukuthi uketshezi, igesi noma umzimba okuqinile) ukunikeza ukumelana ngesikhathi ukunyakaza of particulate impahla mayelana nomunye. Lesi sici kungenzeka ezimbili zama - ngobuningi futhi tangential. Ivolumu viscosity - yikhono into ukwenza amandla eqine. It kubonakala Lokusakaza umsindo emanzini, noma amagagasi ultrasonic. Tangential libhekene viscosity uketshezi ikhono simelane phuca.

Lapho abacwaningi baye baphenya viscosity yamanzi, kwatholakala ukuthi ukumelana we ketshezi lapho welulela bese unyakaza kuncike ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya izinhlayiya izingqimba ezahlukene uketshezi. Uma ungqimba oluhamba ngokushesha, enza izinto ungqimba kancane, amandla kuyashesha is actuated. Uma konke ncamashi okuphambene, uqala ukusebenza amandla unyathela amabhuleki. Imizamo ngenhla sibhekiswe tangent ukuze evele izingqimba.

Ngokusho ukuthi umthetho Newton has a τ ifomula = μ dυ / dn, owawuthi yangaphakathi ngomshikisho mandla wakhona umyela Isivinini eduze evamile futhi endaweni umthelela. Uma attribute amandla kokukhuhlana endaweni okuyinto ilingana ubunye ke sithola ukucindezeleka yokugunda kwabelusi ketshezi ukuthi okhethwe ifomula ngenhla.

Kukhona umqondo ezifana viscosity kinematic yamanzi. Bona waqoka ashukumisayo Coefficient isilinganiso (μ) ukuze kwabantu uketshezi ekhethiwe (ρ). Ngo ifomula le nkulumo izoba kanje: ν = μ / ρ.

Viscosity amanzi ezahlukene okushisa ukushintsha, isb Coefficient yayo amagugu wehlise nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa. Ngakho, ashukumisayo viscosity emanzini usawoti kuyoba ukuhluka Coefficient fresh. Ekubaleni umehluko index izokhuphuka ngaphakathi mayelana 5%.

Omunye kungaba zilandise amafomula eziningana, kodwa kuyize, indaba esemqoka kwachazwa phambilini. Viscosity ngokuligeza ngamanzi definition ziyahlukahluka, ingasaphathwa zithi aggregation ndaba. Lezi idatha ibalulekile zezindiza kanye shipbuilding namanye izimboni.

Kunetafula ekhethekile ukucacisa viscosity amanzi at kwezimo ezahlukene lokushisa. Lokhu kwaziswa kungasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ngemcondvo kodwa futhi umkhuba. Ithebula liqukethe idatha ngezikhawu 5 degrees, ezisukela 5 ziphethe degrees 100, okuyinto kusiza kakhulu ukuphila kothisha nabafundi ngesikhathi zokuhlala.

Enye ipharamitha obalulekile - ashukumisayo viscosity kinematic yamanzi, okuthiwa yesibili viscosity (umthamo) - kuwuphawu volumetric kokucindezelwa ukusonteka. It adlala indima ebalulekile attenuation umsindo ukunciphisa amagagasi ukushaqeka.