Isitashi hydrolysis

Isitashi (S6N10O5) n - polysaccharide okuyinto yakhiwa amafraktjhini ezimbili: 25% amylose komugqa futhi 75% amylopectin branched. Lakhiwa ukukhanya ezitshalweni ngesikhathi i-photosynthesis.

Lokhu kwaziswa kuyinto powder emhlophe okuyinto zingaxazululeki ngamanzi abandayo ukwakha slurry. Ngemva sokuxazulula slurry ezansi ethangini imali ziyazika emhlophe, bese amanzi angakwazi likhanyelwe kalula. Ngemuva omiswe, isitashi uyalulama zonke izakhiwo zalo.

Esikhathini amanzi ashisayo it yakha isixazululo colloidal efana - uketshezi enjalo viscous, okuthiwa futhi unama isitashi futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ekhaya njengoba Yesigcilikisha. Futhi okwamanje ngalesi impahla ngokusekelwe epheka jelly and abanye nama-dessert.

Isitashi - into inert amakhemikhali. Ukuze-ke ukuba asabele, kumele babambe iqhaza enqubeni yelikhono.

On impahla yayo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali isicelo based izidakamizwa. Ngakho, isitashi nemikhiqizo yalo ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwenza ukudla, zendwangu nephepha izimboni. Futhi izinto eziphilayo, udlala indima ebalulekile.

Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo ngenhloso zezimboni kuba vozdeystiviyu amakhemikhali. Hydrolysis of isitashi - lokhu ion inqubo exchange phakathi kwamanzi futhi ketshezi, okungase enzymatic noma ene-asidi.

hydrolysis Chemical of isitashi - yokusabela okhanda amanye amathuba, njengoba kwenzeka nge Ukushisa ebukhoneni acid wezinto ezingaphili. Ngalesi yokusabela chemical kwesibalo ungaboniswa glucose kwakhiwa ngazo:
(S6N10O5) n + nH2O + (cat. H2SO4 + t °) = nC6H12O6.

Kodwa muva nje kuyanda hydrolysis enzymatic of isitashi. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile, it is etholwe kusuka utshwala ETHYL, Molasses kanye glucose, kanye kule hydrolysis zamakhemikhali.

Inzuzo yale nqubo wukuthi isitshalo okunesitashi lithathwe njengendlela impahla eluhlaza for ke, isibonelo, i-rye, amazambane, ummbila, irayisi kanye nabanye. Lezi mithombo, ngaphezu kwalokho, aqukethe ukubunjwa yabo enzyme amylolytic, ezisetshenziswa inqubo hydrolysis.

Ngokwesibonelo, ama-enzyme abanjalo bangabaphostoli isoamylase futhi pullulanase, glyukolinazy. Enzyme - yelikhono yemvelo ukuthi ukusheshisa zamakhemikhali. Schematically inqubo isitashi nokucekelwa ngu enzyme kanje: isitashi → isitashi encibilikayo (amylose) → oligosaccharides (dextrins) → disaccharide (maltose = lwemithombo) → α-glucose. It kungabuye esashiwo kwesibalo:
(C6H10O5) n + nH2O + (enzyme kat.-) = nC6H12O6

Yesilinganiso ungabona ukuthi kwakukhona hydrolysis zamakhemikhali, kwenziwe ucwaningo. Bilisa ingxube isitashi unama ne-sulfuric acid. Thina uhlole ukuze ubone ukuthi kwakukhona hydrolysis - ukuvuza iodine. Uma ukusabela alivumi, khona-ke akukho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma violet, kusho ukuthi hydrolysis iphutha.

Manje ukufakazela ukuthi umkhiqizo hydrolysis - glucose. Engeza alikhali kuya okuholela isixazululo kanye nethusi sulfate (II) (CuSO4). I kwenze hydroxide zethusi akusho udedele, ikhambi wayephendukele umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Evuthayo futhi ubone kumiswa kodaka terra cotta (isitini) umbala - ke kusho ukuthi isixazululo has a glucose, okuyinto wabunjwa ngesikhathi hydrolysis.

Umzimba womuntu futhi kwenzeka hydrolysis enzymatic of isitashi. Le nqubo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kulesi simo kwakhiwa ama-carbohydrate, ikakhulukazi i-glucose. It is oxidized kuzo zonke cell umzimba, ukwakha amanzi nesikhutha, ngaleyo ndlela ukukhulula namandla adingekayo ukusebenza evamile umzimba.

Hydrolysis of isitashi enzyme iqala umlomo lapho ukuhlafuna. ngamathe Human iqukethe enzyme - Amylase, okuyinto ngaphansi isenzo isitashi ihlukaniselwe izingxenye lula - dextrins. Inqubo umuntu bangazizwa nokukukhuluma. Phela, uma isikhathi eside ukuhlafuna ngesinkwa bese emlonyeni livela bumnandi, okusikisela ukuthi ekuqaleni isitashi hydrolysis inqubo. glucose okweqile, imiswe phakathi neminyaka hydrolysis okuyinto, is zibekwe isibindi njengoba izakhi reserve - glycogen.