Isakhiwo amangqamuzana omuntu: ezilula eyinkimbinkimbi

ingqamuzana yomuntu asifani nezinye izilwane njengoba ingxenye yomzimba, uma sicabanga kuphela isakhiwo jikelele we plan. Icubungula isakhiwo amaseli kwabantu, Cytology izindawo ezimbili ezingalingani kumsebenzi - nucleus futhi cytoplasm. Imisebenti yemalanga onkhe, ukuqinisekisa izidingo njalo iyunithi zonke izinto eziphilayo ukwenza cytoplasm.

Zonke imisebenzi ethile efana ukusikwa amaseli kwemisipha noma isignali nerve yokudlulisela nayo eyenziwa eqhuba cytoplasm. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukene le cytoplasm amaseli lihlukile. Futhi lapha okufanayo kule nokwakheka nucleus ngisho zinhlobo ezahlukene.

Isakhiwo le kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana ngokwanele nombala e amayunithi eziphilayo ezahlukene. Kukhona Clumps chromatin futhi nucleoli. Chromatin akuyona kwakwakhe chemical, kuba DNA nje "igcwele" isimo. I chromatin futhi kancane RNA namaprotheni, histones.

I-nucleus ngokuvamile iningi isiyingi noma okusaqanda. Kodwa kukhona oblong, futhi ahlukaniswe nokuminyaniseka transverse (njengoba kwenzeka e-neutrophil). Uma ucabangela isakhiwo kwamaseli womuntu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kukhona yonke ulwelwesi uhlelo kanye interphase (ngaphandle division), ikhenela njalo lizungezwe imvilophi zenuzi. Igobolondo has izimbobo ngokuthi ikhule ezimbotsheni zenuzi. Ngabo umnyombo futhi kusukela macromolecules pass.

core Inner ngoLwesithathu iyahluka kwenye cell medium olunikezwa mncane ikhule ezimbotsheni diaphragms okukuvumela kuphela ayinto oyifunayo ku-nucleus. Ngakho ikhenela baxhumana cytoplasm kolwazi zamakhemikhali. kwakhiwa rRNA ezidingekile cell ukubuyabuyelela I nucleolus is. nucleoli ngokuvamile ihlangana zibe munye futhi microscope ungabona nucleolus esisodwa esikhulu.

juice Nuclear ukubunjwa amakhemikhali - amaprotheni isixazululo colloidal, ke kabi namabala e amalungiselelo electron microscope, futhi selivela endaweni ukukhanya we photomicrographs. Kuhle kwaphela imvelo lapho lula nokuhanjiswa kwe- metabolites, futhi nesidoda okunikelwe Ungahambisa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Futhi yini le cytoplasm? Ngo "Umsebenzi" wakhe akubandakanyi kuphela inhlangano yokuzala, nakho konke okunye angakwenza. Isakhiwo amangqamuzana omuntu yokuthi ngesisekelo ukuphila - namachibi, senzeka cytoplasm. Siqukethe izakhiwo eziningi ezincane, okuthiwa organelles, noma organelles, by Isifaniso ngezidumbu sehlangano ezinkulu.

organelles Iningi kukhona ulwelwesi isakhiwo. Hhayi ulwelwesi iqukathe kuphela ribosomes khulula, centrioles, cilia futhi flagella (zonke izinhlobo ezintathu organelles aqukethe microtubules) kanye nesakhiwo fibrillar (microfilaments futhi fibrils).

Isakhiwo womuntu cell ulwelwesi, isimiso, okungukuthi, zonke iminyango ivaliwe ulwelwesi. Mitochondria, isibonelo, ngokuvamile yakhiwa ezimbili zamatshe ulwelwesi, lapho zamagama zishintshe amandla - ATP ngenxa ukusabela emishinini yokuphefumula yeselula. Mitochondria ahlukile, ngoba izimuncagazi abaye baba eziphila. Sinenkosi ufuzo yabo, futhi ngokuvamile kuhle ezimele. Kusolwa ukuthi baka-bacterium.

Ribosomes, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ezihlanganiswe polyribosomes, wahlanganyela synthesis amaprotheni, kunesidingo sokuba cytoplasm. Futhi kubalulekile kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ukwakha izakhiwo, kodwa futhi ukuze ugcine ibhalansi ingcindezi osmotic kuyinto evamile.

I reticulum endoplasmic iyona Bubbles, okuyinto kuhlobene. Ezinye zazo yilezi we ribosome. A amaprotheni ukuthi kwemiqondo yibo, alintanti ku umpe cytoplasm - the cytosol, futhi isehlane kusukela cell phambi ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izidingo.

Golgi apharathasi - into efana inqwaba yomagazini izikhwama. Kukhona zanqwabelana futhi ahlungwe izinto ezahlukene. Amaphrotheni lapha ukuthola isakhiwo saso sokugcina futhi lapha kwakhiwa lysosomes.

Ekhuluma lysosomes. Ayayona engadingeki izingxenye cell, uma kukhona okungalungile nabo ke ukuthuthukisa izifo USB. Ngemva kokufa kwengqamuzana, ababhubhisa imvelo ngisho efile efile eziphilayo amayunithi, hhayi nje yena.

Isakhiwo ngamangqamuzana aphilayo lihlukile isakhiwo sabafileyo endaweni efika kuqala karyolysis efile - ngokuqondile nokuwohloka nucleus futhi okuqukethwe kuseli emva ukugaya resorption lysosomal ulwelwesi.