Ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya amandla

Kuyinto isimo sobuntu ukuzama ukuchaza imithetho owawuthi kwezinto eziphilayo zemvelo esizungezile. Njengoba sekuzoqala ukwazi yonke waphawula zemvelo kwakuxhunyaniswa lonke zaziziningi ezahlukene onkulunkulu, imvula, nokuduma, umbani, umoya - bonke osikweleta imvelaphi yabo Yaphezulu. Khona-ke inkolo eyayinaso akuniké indlela isayensi. Nokho, Nakuba ayehlala isencane isakhasa, ke esenze sakwazi ukuchaza izingqondo eziyibonayo we zemvelo ngaphandle asebenzise onkulunkulu. Okunabileko ungukukhanya ebonakalayo. Emzamweni walo ngandlela-thile ukuchaza kuye kwasikiselwa, owawuthi kuba ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezinye ezincane izinhlayiya-corpuscles. Le modeli is banamathela futhi ngenkuthalo bavikela Newton yayo. Futhi uma kukhona kuyizinhlayiyana, khona-ke kufanele nganoma iyiphi indlela lungachazwa.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uma we shintsha isandla ngaphansi imisebe yelanga, kwezwakala efudumele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa emisebeni ezaziwayo. Kodwa kahle indlela emisebeni ithwala ukushisa? kuqala indlela engesobala - kanye namandla we-albhamu yezithombe kwatholakala. I kuyizinhlayiyana ngokwalo ubizwa ngokuthi "quantum yokukhanya". Photon amandla kabanzi kwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla: ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi icuphe othomathikhi umnyango ukuvulwa Izitolo ezinkulu.

kungenzeka kungenzeki

Ngakho, i-albhamu yezithombe - nezinhlayiya yokukhanya, a quantum zamandla. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe zenziwa sokungabaza ukunemba imodeli corpuscular. Okokuqala, ezinye izakhiwo engavamile babe Huygens, bese Jung nakho yakho nge izikhala ezimbalwa wathola lo mkhuba kwezithikamezo, futhi on ngesisekelo yayo ... lolungenamaphutsa kwafakazela imvelo wave yokukhanya. Kunengqondo - kungenzeka ukuba abuqede, kodwa zonke, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi kunzima kakhulu kangakanani. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa i-albhamu yezithombe liveza izindawo nezinhlayiya futhi kwakuza igagasi kokuba kanyekanye. Umphumela wanoma isiphi experiment incike okulindele umcwaningi sika. Umcabango kanye inhloso ngandlela-thile zidlulisela kuyizinhlayiyana ibe igagasi, noHezekeli. Amandla ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlala ingashintshiwe futhi ingabalwa ngokoMthetho classical theory kagesi.

Igama elithi "Isivinini yokukhanya" kuhlobene ne izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Empeleni, izinkulungwane 300 km / s -. Lona izinga lapho mass non-ezihambayo nezinhlayiya. khona wabo nolimi kusukela ukunyakaza: ngisho at yayo imvelaphi izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya ukuhambisa, ukwakha uvumelanise.

ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya amandla

Amandla, velocity mass oxhumene abadumile Einstein ifomula E = MC2. Ukhulisa khona Planck sika njalo, sithola:

E = h * v,

lapho v - wavelength zokukhanya (i-albhamu yezithombe kwesifo); h - njalo Planck sika.

Ukulungiselela zibalo ezimbili, singakwazi ukubala mass:

m = (h * v) / C2

Nalapha futhi, ukuthi njengoba kukhona kuphela inikezwe kuyizinhlayiyana iragela phambili, ukubaluleka etholwe kusebenza ebujamweni obunjalo.

Kusobala ukuthi nge okwandisa wavelength (imvamisa ukwanda) siba sikhulu futhi amandla. Nokho, iso womuntu uyakwazi ukudoba izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya nge amandla ngumnikazi elincane. Lokhu kungenxa ukubaluleka Planck sika njalo, okumelelwe inombolo ngezinga -34, okwenza kube i yamandla aphansi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umbala okukhulu kakhulu - green. Kodwa ngisho namandla akhe 4 x 10 emandleni -19 Joules.

Afterword

Inguquko kusuka Mechanics classical ukuba quantum namuhla lapho cishe zonke izinqubo microcosm zingachazwa kohlaka amamodeli efanele, kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba 1900s. Omunye zesayensi banamathela theory corpuscular ukuthi Einstein nabanye - ukukhanya wave imodeli ehlongozwayo ngu Maxwell. Ekugcineni, umqondo wanamuhla ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya ayakha ngemva linga ngamasu ahlukahlukene ngenhloso kusakazeka yayo electron (njengoba yokugcina iphelelwe athomu, awusebenzi ukusebenzisa umqondo wamandla amagobolondo ngoba).