Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko umphakathi? kwabantu Jikelele

Ukusebenzisa igama elithi "umphakathi" yonke indawo, kodwa lamukele okushiwo lo mqondo bengayi wonke umuntu. Incazelo lokhu mkhuba futhi ekhombisa imiqondo yalo unika kwabantu futhi i-social science. isayensi Popular ngalolu daba yiyona isisindo eziphawuleka kakhulu ngoba umphakathi ukuthi isihloko cwaningo yayo. Ngokungefani nazo zonke neminye imikhakha yesayensi, kungcono sicabangisisa ngazo zonke izici engafeza konke. Abanye Isayensi secrete uhlangothi olulodwa imiphumela ethize.

Nokho, sizogxila isethulo, okusenza sibe yokuhlalisana kwabantu, njengoba kulesi sihloko sifuna sicabangele lo mbuzo: "? Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko umphakathi" - kanye nezinye izici ezihlobene. Bazokusiza ukuba ngaphezulu uyaqaphela usebenze lo mqondo futhi ngokuvamile kuyoba usizo ukuthuthukisa ulwazi kulo mkhakha.

Ukubheka umqondo emphakathini

Nazi ezinye idatha kusuka kwabantu, khomba okushiwo umphakathi. Ngakho, lo isayensi ibheka umqondo nge izinhlangothi ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngokulandelana, emelela amagugu ahlukahlukene. Ake sixoxe ngayinye ngokwehlukana, kanti touch izici ehlukile emphakathini.

Ngokomlando, isici kwezomnotho

Uhlangothi lokuqala cwaningo ukuhlola umphakathi uma sicabangela izici zezomlando, kwezomnotho, ezindawo zezombusazwe. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo isici umphakathi iyibhulogi isakhiwo okungaphezu nje iqembu labantu noma umphakathi.

Ngokuvamile kulesi umthambo abelwe nezinhlobo ezithile kakhulu njengoba bakudala, isigqila, izinduna, kanye nabanye. Basuke izimpawu ezivamile amasiko, ezingeni yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, izindinganiso zokuziphatha.

Ekucubunguleni le, zomlando, kwezomnotho, izici egqanyisiwe umphakathi, kwakhiwa endaweni ezweni elithile noma amazwekazi. Lokhu isiRashiya, kanti i-American, nezwe Western bebonke, futhi empumalanga.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi amaqiniso, ngoba kubeka ngamafuphi definition Imininingwane block: umphakathi - uhlelo kungagcini ngesikhathi nendawo. Iyiphi inkathi nezimiso zayo kanye nezinga ubuchwepheshe iyinkampani ezinjalo.

imphawu letibalulekile

Usosayensi E. Shils usinika eziningi izizathu izinkampani spin-off esekelwe ifomu yabo izici kubhekwe:

- ukusebenza njengehhovisi i ebalulekile isakhiwo (inkampani akufakwanga yiluphi uhlelo ezinkulu);

- has endaweni yalo ecacile;

- inegama, umlando ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa;

- kwaqedwa nasekwandeni komsebenzi inkampani kungenxa lwabasebenzi, okuyizinto amalungu yakhe (okumbalwa);

- njengophawu, ongumphelelisi sangaphambilini - uthole abameleli oshadile likasoseshini;

- kukhona uhlelo ukusebenza kwesizinda;

- libhekene ezivamile ngoba abameleli isimiso amagugu, izinkambiso, amasiko akha isiko;

- isikhathi khona emphakathini ngempela mkhulu kunezinhliziyo nempilo ummeleli ngabanye.

Izici umphakathi, ngokuvumelana onegunya zezenhlalo Russian zimi kanje:

• endaweni - yena udlala indima okokusebenza isisekelo esiyinhloko sokuba khona kanye nokuthuthukiswa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana;
• ukuzimela - nokwaneliswa, okuvumela khona ngaphandle ubudlelwane bezomnotho nezinye nezinye imiphakathi;
• Integrative - inyunyana zonke emikhankasweni kokuphila komphakathi kanye nokwenziwa kabusha izizukulwane;
• enemisebenzi - konke uhlobo isakhiwo (ngokubamba iqhaza abantu).

Manje ake uqhubekele ukukhulelwa esilandelayo umphakathi amelwe ucwaningo lwezenhlalo.

isici lwezenhlalo nefilosofi

Ngakho, thina vele ukuthi izici eziyinhloko lenkampani ngokuhambisana isici kwezomnotho-ngokuma kwezwe cwaningo. Kuyinto isikhathi sokucabangela isici ekutadisheni lesi sihloko kwabantu yesibili.

Okwakushiwo umphakathi yesibili i-luyingxenye lwezenhlalo nefilosofi, lapho kubhekwa iyonke. Ezifundweni lokhu kwabantu isiqondiso kusekelwe imiphumela kokuma esiwusizo futhi ukulinga izakhiwo ezincane - nemiphakathi emincane (imindeni, imindeni, izizwe). Yakha isigaba sabefundisi izakhiwo kusuka kancane emikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ubunye obusebenzayo imiphakathi.

Uma ucabangela izikhungo ezahlukene emphakathini nalokhu, iphuzu eliwusizo umbono, kwabantu kuphakamisa izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene wendawo yonke - umsuka umphakathi, umgomo ezivamile ukhona. Njalo umphakathi has umlando walo ezinjalo. Ngakho, imfundiso yaseMelika "khahlela isiqalo" lakhela phezu abanye obaba wokusungula. Ukucabanga ngendaba zezenhlalo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa lizungeza Okthoba Revolution-1917

Ake afingqe kafushane okwakushiwo kohlaka izici lwezenhlalo kwalowo umphakathi - kwekulu iqembu kwezenhlalo, ehlanganisa bonke abanye, okwenza abe yingxenye yakhe. Siyaqhubeka okwengeziwe sicabangele iphuzu lokusebenzisa iziphi izici eziyinhloko umphakathi.

Izimpawu umphakathi buyinqqikithi lwezenhlalo

Umcwaningi nezindaba lwezenhlalo R. Koenig esabela izimfanelo ezilandelayo emphakathini:

• ngendlela ethile zokuphila abantu;
• inhlangano kwezomnotho yokungakholelwa kwakheka kwi amalungiselelo;
• khona lubumbano kutenhlalo (ezizweni ezihlukahlukene);
• ubuqotho nokubumbana komphakathi, okungukuthi, izakhiwo ezincane;
• ngemuva komlando ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano lokhu ikakhulukazi, ukhonkolo, umphakathi;
• ngokoqobo nomphakathi - izinqubo lapho ubudlelwano zibambene ngabanye.

Ezinye izakhiwo eyisisekelo

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, siye wabheka zici ezimbili zesibonelo cwaningo kwabantu emphakathini, sishilo uhlobo oluthile umphakathi njengoba izibonelo. Siphindze safundza ngezici esivela isifundo esiphathelene nomphakathi nge izinhlangothi kwezomnotho kanye lwezenhlalo. Manje, sicabanga ke akusizi ukuba zihlale ezinye izakhiwo ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Kulabo kwabantu isikhundla ukuzimela futhi nokwaneliswa.

Ukuzimela kanye nokwaneliswa njengoba izakhiwo

Ngaphambili, thina kafushane nje impahla ukuzimela isakhiwo somphakathi. Manje kabanzi ngayo.

ikhono kweNkampani ekutheni akhona eceleni kusuka abanye, ukusekela ukusebenza izakhiwo ezincane kufakwe lesi sakhiwo, futhi babe ukuzimela. Le mpahla, lapho uqala nje ukubona, kancane limane lifakwe ngemuva ngokuya zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ingqikithi ngokuphelele zonke izinqubo ezweni kuze kube manje. Nokho, kuyinto edukisayo: ukuqiniswa kokunikezwa othintana international has ezinye zezinkomba zokuthi ukuzimela kuba kalula, kodwa inqubo owehluke.

Yashaya isiqinisekiso ukuzimela emiphakathini lapho umphakathi womhlaba kuba phambi kwamandla abo izinhlelo kuzo. Ngaphakathi emazweni, zikhona kuba nemiphakathi emincane yabantu kufakwe isimiso wokwehlayo e nasemphakathini wonkana.

Ukutadisha Eqhubeka izikhungo zomphakathi, ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nokwaneliswa. Nokwaneliswa - isakhiwo okuqondene nezwe labantu, ukuhlinzeka ithuba bodwa ngokuphelele kuzo zonke ezinye izici umphakathi. Kwake kwaba khona nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi phakathi ezindaweni zomhlaba (ukukhiqizwa lunye), nokwaneliswa is hhayi waphawula ezweni elifanayo. Emiphakathini yanamuhla, entsha esakhelwe izinga - complementarity yezizathu zezomnotho.

Ezinye izindawo

Ingxenye ebalulekile kunoma yimuphi umphakathi - afanayo amasiko alo. Lo mqondo kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene imihlola, asikho isidingo ukuba lokho ukubheke njengengxenye yendlela isihloko sethu. Engingakusho nje ukuthi, ezisekelwe emasikweni ezivamile, ukuziqaphela, zokuziphatha ngabanye Cultural Umphakathi kwakhiwa. Iyokwandulelwa kumiswa a umlando ocebile.

umphakathi ezincane lokufeza imisebenzi yabo uhlelo olulodwa yezwe emphakathini yabo. Lena ukubonakaliswa eyinhloko property ukuzithiba.

isiphetho

Njengoba isiphetho ukuphetha ngokuthi umphakathi kanye nezimfanelo zawo Kuxoxwa kwabantu ezicini ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu ucabangela kwezomnotho, njengomumo womhlaba, zomlando, amasiko kanye nezinye izinto. Umphakathi wanamuhla avele ikakhulukazi ngesimo lamazwe kanye nabantu babo. I izakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu kubo - yokuzimela futhi nokwaneliswa.

Ngaleyo ndlela, sisuke siqonde impikiswano iziphi izici eziyinhloko umphakathi, ukwakha ke njengoba enzeka. Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi kuyoba usizo ukwenza umbono ukwaziswa emphakathini wanamuhla.