Iyini indlela yokuphunyuka? isakhiwo yokuphunyuka

Aboveground ingxenye isitshalo okuthiwa igama elithi "indlela yokuphunyuka." Isakhiwo kungenxa imisebenzi eyenziwa. Yiqiniso, nalowo mtimba lubaluleke futhi inquma kungenzeka abe khona kwezinhlobo. Imisebenzi okunomsoco, ukukhula izinqubo, nekhono ukuzivumelanisa - lezi ezinye nje imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni ebonakalayo isitshalo eziphilayo.

Biology: Sakhiwo yokuphunyuka

I morphology ukuhlukanisa izingxenye Axial kanye lateral zomzimba: isiqu kanye leaf. Isakhiwo isitshalo Kuphendula Kugcizelela ne ezihlukahlukene yayo: kusukela ezincane duckweed zasemanzini ngamaRefa Sequoia ihlathi. Kuyinto ngenxa isakhiwo ezahlukene izingxenye zasemoyeni ingxenye, ezihlobene izici imvelo kanye izimo zezulu. Kukhona futhi mfushane amahlumela embryonic - izinso.

Ifaka ishidi ukubeka ingxenye kushaft ibizwa ngokuthi node, kanye engela obakhiwa kubo okuyinto, - esifubeni. Kube uye ezikhethekileko izinso, ukwakha amaqabunga noma izimbali. Ibanga phakathi izindawo ezimbili leaf okunamathiselwe okubizwa ngokuthi interstitial.

stem

Ukwakheka yokuphunyuka ekuqaleni zincike isiqondiso ukukhula kanye nendawo emkhathini stem. Kuye kulezi zici ukuhlukanisa ngilimise, ezinwabuzelayo, kukhasa, ukugibela futhi sinamathele izinhlobo. Iziqu kanye nemvelo olungafani ebusweni. Kungaba banqunu noma nge izinqubo, bushelelezi noma ezilukhuni. Uma usika ohlangeni crosswise, kungenzeka ukunquma ukuma: round, ribbed, ngenombolo sobuso noma isicaba.

Intshebe strawberry nazo ophunyukayo, kokuba internodes mfushane.

Kuye uhlobo lokuphila ukuhlukanisa herbaceous futhi bok neziqu. Eyokuqala akanayo cambium - ohlangothini lendwangu zemfundo. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila zifana ngokubukeka kuya amahlumela nezihlahla. Ziyakwazi oluhlaza ngombala futhi akwazi ye-photosynthesis. Njengoba basuke lignified ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekubeni okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ziyakwazi ukubamba izithelo ezinkulu futhi ukumelana ipheshulwa eqinile womoya.

izinhlobo sifanamsindvo

Kuye izici umjikelezo ukuthuthukiswa isitshalo kungenzeka esalisekela, nobujamo, futhi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, Aster abune ekwindla, ngemva kwalokho befa ngokuphelele. Ngamanye ekuthuthukiseni izaqathe kanye beet. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, akha izimpande, okuyizinto emizimbeni lilondolozwe izakhamzimba. Ekwindla ka esifa stem. Kodwa plant ngesimo stem ukushintshwa. Lapho kuqala izimo ezivuna yokuphunyuka ikhula emuva. Kulokhu, ngonyaka wokuphila kuso sesibili akhiwa ngenxa imbewu izimbali, ngawo okusakazwa izitshalo.

Life umjikelezo izitshalo zisetshenziswa, cabanga ngokuhlola izici isakhi AmaConifers amahlumela. Lokhu isitshalo noma isihlahla nge-stem olulodwa eqinile - isiqu. Ukuthuthukiswa Its iqala ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu. kwakhiwa yisithombo, futhi, ngemva ngenxa yayo ukukhula - isitshalo omdala. It ugcina ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe izitshalo zisetshenziswa ukufa. AmaConifers abhekwa eyikhulu kweqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, uphayini izimpilo iminyaka engaba ngu-400, sonwele - 500, futhi zokhuni - kakhulu ngendlela 1000!

ishidi

I lateral ingxenye ihlumela okungenani tekusebentisa ahlukahlukene. Sinikeza emoyeni inikwa amandla yi, transpiration - ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ebusweni esiphelweni vegetative. Escape, obuslovlovleno kabani isakhiwo nemisebenzi eyenziwa, elinesimo ezihlukahlukene amahlamvu.

Cactus Izinaliti kudingeka inciphise umswakama ayahwamuka. A palmate evuleka onsundu ihhashi, kunalokho, ukwandisa ubuningi bayo.

Ihamba nge plate eyodwa ngokuthi elula, kodwa ambalwa esisogwini petiole efanayo - eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kokuyicabangela, okuhle ukuthi ungase uphawule indlela ethile yokuma. Lwenza emithanjeni. Lokhu izinyanda fibrovascular of Indwangu conductive. Ngu ubunjalo venation umehluko akushiyela anezikhala (Maple, apula), okuhambisanayo (corn, rye) kanye arc (ukhova lily) veining.

Phyllotaxy

Escape, isakhiwo okuyinto incike isibalo wathola amandla elanga, elinesimo ilungiselelo ezahlukene amahlamvu esiqwini. Endabeni ilungiselelo Kuvunguza Kumiswa esilandelayo, futhi uma umbuthano - obuhlukile, noma verticillate.

Emvelweni azikho izitshalo ukuthi azibuyekezi kwamahlamvu. It phinda futhi zikaphayini, futhi fir. Njengoba ekuweni kungengaphandle onke amaqabunga ngesikhathi esisodwa, akekho izaziso.

ukulungiswa ukubaleka

Lapho udinga ukwenza imisebenzi eyengeziwe Kuphendula futhi izingxenye zabo ukushintshwa. Amahlamvu zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela ameva noma izikali. I isitshalo ezizingelayo, bayakwazi ukubamba futhi inhlabamkhosi izinambuzane ezincane.

Izici yokuphunyuka isakhiwo ungase ucabangele isibonelo ama. stem wakhe flat Ushintshe ebizwa nge- "ipuleti basal". It has eziningana izinhlobo amahlamvu: namanzi - ukugcina amanzi nezakhi ezondla umzimba, ezomile - ukuze sithole isivikelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinso ebukhoneni amanzi anele sikhule amahlamvu abasha green. Kusukela stem futhi ikhula fibrous uhlelo impande.

I nezilimo eziyizigaxa zaseJerusalema i-artichoke, olubizwa nangokuthi i-artichoke lwakha ukuguqulwa yokuphunyuka - tuber. On uqweqwe Isiqu esinamanzi kukhona efihlekile rubtsevidnye, kusukela ezimila amahlumela.

Underground sifanamsindvo ne internodes eside kukhona rhizomes. Basuke like isiswebhu, baye evuthiwe Indwangu mechanical conductive. Sezinso esisogwini amahlamvu esigaxeni kwakhiwa. Labo are ezintsha izici isakhi rhizomes, bakholelwa ukuthi uma ukuqeda amahlamvu, lonke isitshalo uyafa. Kodwa lo mbono unephutha, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yale isitshalo ivikelwe futhi ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ubudlelwano isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi

Ukwakheka yokuphunyuka incike nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Lokhu kungenziwa wabonakalisa ngezimanga ucabangela izingxenye isakhiwo yezingxenye zayo. I shidi camera nge ophilayo izicubu ngaphandle isikhumba lapho kukhona Ukuvuleka - stomata. Ziyakwazi kudingekile ukuba amvikele futhi exchange gaseous. I internals ishidi emelelwa Stocking kanye chlorophyll izicubu obhekene umsoco Autotrophic ka lonke isitshalo. Tincenye conductive kanye nezicubu mechanical, ukwakha imithambo asisekelo ukuthuthwa lonke uhla izakhi ezidingekayo.

plant izitho vegetative kukhona impande (ingxenye komhlaba ke) kanye okubuyela emuva. Isakhiwo izingxenye okuzala ayikuvumeli ukuba imisebenzi enjalo. Zifeza inqubo ukuzala futhi isitshalo esiphelweni. Kodwa imbali asathuthuka e-stem, futhi ukusungula kwakhe indlela afanele izinto eziphilayo kwakheka amahlamvu.

It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi isitshalo kuyinto umzimba owodwa, izingxenye ezisebenza kuthiwa kuhlobene.