Beyizalaniselana nezilwane - inqubekela-phambili yesayensi noma uyahlambalaza?

Izindaba ukuthi uhulumeni waseBrithani akuniké "ukukhanya green" ukuze lezi zinyoni nezilwane, kuye kwabangela abantu emhlabeni ukudideka emhlabeni futhi imibuzo eminingi. Iningi leli qiniso awulungele ngokugcwele ikhanda, ngoba kubonakala sengathi abantu ngonya. Noma kunjalo, abaningi banesithakazelo imiphumela yovivinyo eqhubekayo.

Ukuwela e-UK

Ngo-2008, ososayensi UK Uthole owayenelungelo elingokomthetho lokubuthola cross-zizalela webantfu netilwane. Kodwa ukuze bafeze ucwaningo olunjalo ayivunyelwe bonke ochwepheshe, kodwa labo abase bethole le layisensi kuphela. ucwaningo olunjalo olwenziwa ukuze udale ama-stem cell ukuthi uzokwazi ukulondoloza abantu abavela izifo ezingelapheki ezifana Alzheimer, kanye nabanye.

Naphezu kwezithiyo ezinjalo imigomo ezihloniphekayo, ezinye abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola abafuna iyakwenqabela ucwaningo ezifana ku izakhi zofuzo kubantu nasezilwaneni, ngoba kuphambene nokuziphatha.

Ososayensi baye ephethwe sikhule 155 imibungu "ngokungekhona okwemvelo". Kodwa lokuxhaswa ngezimali ucwaningo lawo inqanyulwe. Ochwepheshe ungashiyi amathemba ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo, ngoba umthetho namanje ngasohlangothini lwabo.

Okuhlangenwe Nakho esikhathini esidlule

Eqinisweni, akukho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nakho ukuthi ukubamba ukulinga owela zabantu nezilwane esikhathini sethu (UK ucwaningo kungukuthi kunakwe). Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ayengakhishwa wenza ekhulwini XX, kunobufakazi ezinye documentary. Lubhekele lezi zifundo kwaba uSolwazi Ivanov Ilya Ivanovich. Lokhu usosayensi uye wachitha crossbreeding izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingaphezu futhi baphumelele abanye kule. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1901 wasungula isikhungo sokuqala, okuyinto Uzame eyayenziwe amadube engu- kanye namahhashi. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe 20, usosayensi yaduma ngenxa acwaninge inkabi must wethulwa. Kodwa iphupho Ivanov kwakungu lokufeza abantu cross-yokuzalanisa nezilwane, ikakhulukazi izimfene.

Ucwaningo olwenziwa Ivanov

Nge umqondo wakhe uprofesa ukukhuluma ngezinye uchungechunge lapho ososayensi Western babekholelwa lokhu kucwaninga ukuhlambalaza. Kodwa lo mbono uye abanesifiso uhulumeni wamaSoviet, ngakho-ke exhasiwe uhambo Ivanova e-Afrika, lapho akwazi ukufeza Ekuhloleni okufanayo. Kulapha, ngokuvumelana Uprofesa, akukho kuphela eziningi gorilla, ama-orangutan kanye nezimfene, kodwa futhi tuzemok abazimisele uyavuma ukuthi avundiswa imbewu izinkawu ketshezi.

Yiqiniso, ukuze uthole imali owela zabantu nezilwane, Ivanov okwadingeka abhekane ride esingemnandi, kodwa ekugcineni ngo-1926 yena nendodana yakhe, umlingani wakhe babhukula bawenza Guinea. Ngemva bazinze endaweni yokucwaninga ye Pasteur Institute, usosayensi yaphenduka nursery izinkawu. Kodwa beyigcinwa abasha kuphela Yiqiniso, asifanele kokukhulelwa. Catch omdala kwehlathi akekho owaba nesibindi, ngoba ubungozi udwenguliwe.

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukuqokwa kwe-premium esikhulu kakhulu trappers -tonkhe tihlabani takhona bakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezimbalwa. Ososayensi baye baqhuba ukulinga izinkawu insemination kwesidoda womuntu, kodwa wayefuna ukwenza ukuhlolwa kanye ukubuya Owesifazana wasethatha isisu kusukela i-gorilla. Kodwa intokazi abanebala elinsundu ezinekhono zenqaba ingcaca ukuqala ukuthwala inzalo ka-nezinkawu, ngakho Ivanov wanelisa kuphela yokuthi kwakukhona kuphela avundiswa female monkey.

Imiphumela zokuhlolwa Ivanova

Ehlobo lika-1927, uProfesa kwesokunxele Afrika futhi zonke izinsikazi 13, wathabathela kuye ukuba ekhaya ukuze uthole umphumela, okuyinto kufanele akhiphe hybrid womuntu-kwenkawu. Endleleni, ababili babo bafa. Eyokuqala "ikamu" akwenza Marseille. Ukushiya lapha ezigcemeni zabo, waya eParis lapho afike aphathe inhliziyo. Kodwa izimo izinkawu babe kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho nabesifazane kwabulawa omunye ngemva komunye. Izilwane asele bathunyelwa Sukhumi. Lapha, ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kwabulawa abantu esele. Kwanqunywa ukuvula izinkawu yathola ukuthi abesifazane kwakungafanele abakhulelwe.

UProfesa Lee iziqu ucwaningo?

Naphezu kwalokhu bomkhankaso kuhlulekile, Ivanov abayekanga ucwaningo lwakhe. Ngo Sukhumi inkawu uyaziwa amadoda nabesifazane abaningi wazela ukubamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni. ucwaningo okunjalo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni 20s, kuyilapho Ivanov wanquma ukwethula umphakathi ngemiphumela. Kodwa nakomagazini Soviet wenqaba ukunyathelisa lolu lwazi ke uprofesa wathumela umbiko ucwaningo ngaleso Pasteur Institute. Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet kubhekwa lesi senzo njengoba namacala okuvukela umbuso, futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, imithombo, ngo-1932, Ivanov wadutshulwa.

Yeka ukuthi kungaba nemiphumela wanika beyizalaniselana nezilwane? Izithombe, amadokhumenti, amasampula nzalo (uma ikhona) abawubonanga ukukhanya.

Ingabe kwenkawu-indoda kungenzeka?

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abantu-kwenkawu hybrid izoba nemiphumela emihle, futhi ukukhanya kuyoba ingane oye ngofuzo izakhi zofuzo zabo bobabili abazali? Njengoba sekushiwo, yokulibiza ayaziwa ukuthi ucwaningo enjalo kwenziwe esikhathini sethu, ngakho impendulo ngqo kulo mbuzo akunakwenzeka. Kodwa izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu izimo lapho wezinkawu omkhulu bathunjwa abesifazane Afrika. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi la ubudlelwane kungase ziyaphuma ku ingane ekukhanyeni, njengalokhu abesifazane, nokufa kunokuba iphile indlala noma yokuxhashazwa ngokocansi kwabesilisa yokubonisana uthando.