Inqubo inqubo yokuvela kokuphila Emhlabeni: inkathi, isikhathi, isimo sezulu, izinto eziphilayo

Ngamunye wethu ngezinye izikhathi obakhathalelayo izimpendulo zemibuzo enjalo nokuthi kunzima ukuphendula. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa ukuqonda okushiwo ukhona, isakhiwo zomhlaba nokunye okuningi. Sikholelwa ukuthi zonke obekucatshangwa mayelana nokuthuthukiswa eziphilayo emhlabeni. AD, okuyinto siyazi zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe, indlela ukuphila kwaqala Emhlabeni futhi lwalumumethe indlela ukuziphendukela yayo.

Hadean

Hadean - kule nkathi, lapho umhlaba wayeyinyumba. Yonke indawo babe mlilo, emisebeni yelanga nomoya-mpilo esahambile. Ukuvela lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni baqala countdown yayo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi asinikiwe. Ngenxa ukuxhumana amakhemikhali ukuthi ambozwe phansi, baqale izakhiwo isici lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Nokho, kukhona esinye umbono. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umhlaba neze awunalutho. Ngokusho kwabo, iplanethi ukhona isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuphila okukuwo.

Inkathi Katarchean wawuqala 5 ukuze libe no 3 billion edlule. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kule nkathi, iplanethi ayengenayo core kanye uqweqwe. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngesikhathi usuku lwathatha amahora 6 kuphela.

Archean

Inkathi ezayo emva Katarchean kuyinto archaea (iminyaka 3,5-2,6 bhiliyoni BC). It is izingxenye izinkathi emine:

• neoarchean;
• mesoarchean;
• paleoarchean;
• Eoarchean.

Kwakuphakathi ekuseni Archean ozalwa lenyama nezilwanyana ezincane. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa imali sulphur nensimbi ukuthi thina akhiqiza namuhla, uvele kule nkathi. Izazi zemivubukulo ziye zathola izinsalela zamathempeli ulwelwe filamentous, ogama yobudala akunakubangelwa ukuba inkathi Archean. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kokuphila Emhlabeni baqhubeka. Kukhona izinto eziphilayo heterotrophic. Kwakheka phansi.

Proterozoic

Proterozoic - lokhu ingenye nezikhathi olude kwemvelo eMhlabeni. It luhlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:

• Inkathi Paleoproterozoic;
• Mesoproterozoic;
• Neoproterozoic.

Le nkathi libhekene ukubukeka ungqimba lwe-ozone. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba izazi-mlando zithi, owakheke ngokugcwele ocean ivolumu global. Inkathi Paleoproterozoic kufakwe isikhathi sideriysky. Lokho kwaba kumiswa ulwelwe anaerobic.

Ososayensi uqaphele ukuthi ku glaciation Proterozoic samboza wonke umhlaba. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka kwezigidi ezingu-300. Lesi simo libhekene Ice Age nokuthi kwaba ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu. Phakathi Proterozoic babe eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Phakathi kwabo, izipanji nezilwane amakhowe. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi kwamiswa idiphozithi yanoma nsimbi negolide. Inkathi Neoproterozoic libhekene kumiswa amazwekazi amasha. Ososayensi uqaphele ukuthi izitshalo wonke nezilwane ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, akuyona ukhokho izitshalo yesimanje nezilwane.

Paleozoic

Ososayensi basafunda engu Geological zomhlaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa emhlabeni organic isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ngokusho kwabo, le Paleozoic ingenye abalulekile kakhulu isikhathi sethu ekuphileni kwanamuhla. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-200 futhi ihlukaniswe yaba eziyisithupha isikhathi izingxenye. Kuyinto kule nkathi ukuthuthukiswa Zomhlaba waqala ukwakha izitshalo eliwumhlaba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini izilwane Paleozoic ichweba.

Inkathi Paleozoic ufundwa ososayensi abaningi abadumile. Phakathi kwabo, A. Sedgwick no E. D. Fillips. Bahlanganyela inkathi ngezikhathi ezithile.

sezulu Paleozoic

Ososayensi abaningi baye baqhuba ucwaningo ukuthola izigaba ukuthuthukiswa lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. AD, njengoba sishilo phambilini, kungase kudonse isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Lesi ngiso sizatfu sekufa oyedwa kwezikhathi e icebo ethile ezweni ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene kungaba ngokuphelele isimo sezulu okuphambene. Ngakho kwakunjalo Paleozoic. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yayinesimo sezulu onomoya omnene futhi ukufudumala. Nokuklanywa njengoba kwakungesona. iphesenti mpilo njalo ziyanda. Amazinga amanzi kwaba 20 degrees Celsius. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaqala ziyaphuma nokuklanywa. Isimo sezulu baba hot kakhulu futhi unomswakama.

Ngu ekupheleni Paleozoic, ngenxa ukwakheka izimila, waqala photosynthesis asebenzayo. Kube zonation emakiwe. Kwakheka esishintshashintshayo zezulu. Lesi sigaba wayengomunye walaba ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Inkathi Paleozoic emenza ekucebiseni yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene planethi.

Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene we Paleozoic Era

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi Paleozoic yokuphila, bagxila kule amadamu. Esikhathini yobudala emaphakathi, lapho umoyampilo ifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu, kwaqala ethuthukiswayo. Izakhamuzi lokuqala okwakukhona izitshalo kakhulu lapho kuqala wenza izimpilo zabo e angajulile, bese sahamba ogwini. Laba bameleli be-lokuqala flora, okuyinto kahle umhlaba - psilophytes. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi babengenayo izimpande. Ngu kwenkathi Paleozoic futhi zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa gymnosperms. Kwakukhona izitshalo isihlahla-like. Mayelana ukubukeka ku izitshalo phansi, kancane kancane baqala ukuvela nezilwane. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kuqala sekukhona amafomu herbivorous. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa Adalberto isikhathi eside inqubo ukuthuthukiswa lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. AD nangemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo ziye zashintsha njalo. Laba bameleli be-lokuqala nezilwane - ezingenamgogodla futhi izicabucabu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakukhona izinambuzane enamaphiko, izibungu, molluscs, izibankwakazi, ezihuquzelayo. Ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Paleozoic, kwakukhona abalulekile kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukuqothulwa kwezinye zezinhlobo. Ngokusho izibalo wokulungiselela, lubulala cishe 96% amanzi-70% abakhileyo ezweni.

Minerals inkathi Paleozoic

Kuyinto kusukela enkathini Paleozoic elihlobene ne kumiswa namaminerali amaningi. Saqala ukwakha idiphozithi yanoma rock usawoti. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi abanye imicengezi uwoyela zivela ngokuqondile kusukela kwenkathi Paleozoic. Saqala ukwakha amalahle kwezakhi ezakha 30% wezindleko. Futhi, lihlotshaniswa Paleozoic isikhathi mercury kumiswa.

inkathi Mesozoic

Ukulandela emva Paleozoic, Mesozoic kwaba. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-186. Umlando Geological yomhlaba wathatha imvelaphi yabo kudala kakhulu kunalokho. Nokho, kwaba inkathi Mesozoic umsebenzi kokubili sezulu kanye kwemvelo. Kwakheka imingcele eziyisisekelo amazwekazi. waqala Intaba isakhiwo. Sekube a division of Eurasia naseMelika. Kukholakala ukuthi ngesikhathi sezulu Mesozoic kwaba olufudumele. Nokho, ekupheleni kwenkathi we Ubudala Ice waqala, okuyinto kakhulu ushintshe yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kube ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo.

Izimila nezilwane kwenkathi Mesozoic

Inkathi Mesozoic libhekene ukushabalala Izinhlobo. Egajwe gymnosperms futhi AmaConifers. angiosperms Kwakheka. Kwakuphakathi nenkathi Mesozoic iqala nezilwane elichumayo. I amaningi kukhona ezihuquzelayo. Kule nkathi kwakukhona isibalo esikhulu subtypes. Kukhona ezihuquzelayo flying. Ukwanda kwazo uyaqhubeka. Lwathi luphela kwenkathi Mesozoic , abanye abameleli nesisindo mayelana 50 amakhilogramu.

Esikhathini Mesozoic kancane kancane iqala ukuthuthukiswa zezimbali. Ngu ekupheleni snap ebandayo kwenzeka. It kunciphisa inani sub-zilwane izitshalo riparian. Kancane kancane ziyafa izibankwakazi ezidla ezingenamgogodla. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu kukhona izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Ngokusho ososayensi, inyoni wathatha ivelaphi kusukela izibankwakazi. Ukuvela ezincelisayo zihlotshaniswa omunye subclasses ezihuquzelayo.

Cainozoe

Cenozoic - lena inkathi esiphila namuhla. Yaqala engaba iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-66 ezedlule. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi namanje iyona division zomhlaba. On ngamunye wabo ubuswa flora zayo, nezilwane nesimo sezulu.

Cenozoic izici inqwaba izinambuzane, flying futhi izilwane zasemanzini. Egajwe ezincelisayo kanye angiosperms. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi, zonke izinto eziphilayo ziye zashintsha kakhulu, futhi inani elikhulu zenyathi ezahlukene. Kukhona okusanhlamvu. Ukuguqulwa ezibaluleke kakhulu - kuyinto ukuvela Homo sapiens.

kwemvelo. Izigaba kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa

Umnyaka esiqondile iplanethi ayikwazi ukucaciswa. Ososayensi phikisana ngokuphathelene nale ndaba isikhathi eside. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi engu-uMhlaba iminyaka eyinkulungwane 6000, abanye abangaphezu kuka-6 ukuthi million. Ngikholwa ukuthi asisoze sazi iqiniso. Impumelelo obaluleke kunayo Cenozoic nkathi ukuvela Homo sapiens. Ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani ngempela.

Kunemibono eminingi kwi ukwakheka kwabantu. Ososayensi baye ngokuphindaphindiwe kuqhathaniswa DNA ezihlukahlukene amasethi. Baphetha ngokuthi efanayo kakhulu umzimba womuntu ube inkawu. Ukuze afakazele lokhu theory kuze kube sekupheleni akunakwenzeka. Abanye ososayensi baye bame kwelokuthi abantu nezingulube nazo iyafana.

kwemvelo kungabonwa ngeso lenyama. Okokuqala, ngenxa labantu kwaba izici ezibalulekile yemvelo, kodwa namuhla - nomphakathi. Neanderthal, Cro-magnon, Australopithecus nabanye - konke lokhu isigaba lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu, ziye zaya okhokho bethu.

Parapithecus - lena esigabeni sokuqala ekuthuthukiseni yomuntu yesimanje. Kulesi sigaba, kwakukhona okhokho bethu - nenkawu, okungukuthi chimpanzee, gorilla kanye orangutan.

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthuka kwakungamadodana australopithecines. izinsalela Okokuqala atholakele e-Afrika. Ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, iminyaka yabo imayelana 3 million eminyakeni. Ososayensi behlola yokuthola, wafika esiphethweni sokuthi australopithecines iyafana umuntu wanamuhla. abameleli Ukukhula lalilincane ngempela, cishe 130 ngamasentimitha. Australopithecinae isisindo kwaba 25-40 kg. Guns, cishe, abazange ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba bengazange ezitholakele.

Homo habilis yayifana Australopithecus, kodwa ngokungafani kubo, wasebenzisa amathuluzi lasekuqaleni. izandla zakhe, iminwe babe esithuthuke kabanzana. Kukholakala ukuthi i-Homo habilis - ukuqondisa ukhokho wethu.

pithecanthrope

Esigabeni esilandelayo imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakuyiyona Pithecanthropus - erectus ekugcineni Homo. Isidumbu sayo sokuqala atholakele esiqhingini Java. Ngokusho ososayensi, Pithecanthropus waphila insimu Zomhlaba abangaba yisigidi edlule. Kamuva, kwafika umlisa erectus ekugcineni la mathambo kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Kulesi sisekelo, singaphetha ngokuthi Pithecanthropus owakhiwe wonke amazwekazi. Alerts umzimba womuntu awuwona ngempela ezahlukene kakhulu kusukela yesimanje. Nokho, kunomehluko ezincane. Pithecanthropus waba ebunzini ongaphakeme futhi amashiya kahle ichazwe. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi uyindoda eqotho ngiziphatha asebenzayo. Ape-madoda ayenganelisekile abazingeli kanye ekhiqizwa amathuluzi alula. Babehlala amaqembu. Ngakho Pithecanthropus kwaba lula ukuze azingele bazivikele isitha. Found in China ziholela esiphethweni ukuthi naye wayeyazi indlela yokusebenzisa umlilo. Pithecanthropus avele ekubeni nekhono lokuhlaziya futhi inkulumo.

Neanderthal

Ingabe AmaNeanderthal waphila eminyakeni ecishe 350,000 edlule. Found mayelana 100 izinsalela umsebenzi wabo. Neanderthal skull ukuthi oluyingungu. ukuphakama yabo kwaba mayelana 170 ngamasentimitha. Kwakungumsebenzi sibalo kunalokho enkulu, ithuthukiswe ezicutshini futhi amandla enhle engokomzimba. Kwakudingeka aphile esikhathini ice. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa le AmaNeanderthal ngafunda thunga izingubo kusukela isikhumba futhi ngokuqhubekayo silondoloze umlilo. Kukholakala ukuthi AmaNeanderthal wahlala kuphela Eurasia. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le itshe basebenza kahle ngekusasa amathuluzi. Ingabe AmaNeanderthal ngokuvamile esetshenziswa izinkuni. Ngalo, zakha amathuluzi kanye izakhi ngoba izindawo zokuhlala. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi bangabafokazi isintu impela.

Cro-magnon

Cro-Magnons kwadingeka nokukhula okukhulu kokuthuthukiswa eyayiqhele 180 ngamasentimitha. Babefanele wonke kuyizimpawu indoda yesimanje. Kuleminyaka 40,000 iminyaka, imibono yabo akukashintshi. Ngemva kokuhlaziya isidumbu, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi Isilinganiso sobudala Cro-magnon wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-30-50 ubudala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi baye wadala ngezikhali ezingcono. Phakathi kwabo imimese harpoons. Cro-Magnons babe ukudoba, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu isethi ejwayelekile izikhali, baye wadala entsha futhi zikhululekile for ukudoba. Phakathi kwabo, izinaliti nokuningi. Kule singaphetha ngokuthi lo muntu Cro-magnon waba ubuchopho evuthiwe kanye logic.

Homo yakhe yokuhlala Sapiens yakhiwa ngamatshe noma edonsa ke walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. imiphakathi Nomadic ukuze kube lula nakakhulu ukuba izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le Cro-Magnons walawula impisi, ukuyivala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabathengi.

Cro-magnon nezobuciko

Bambalwa abantu bazi ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi Cro-Magnons kwakheka umqondo, manje eselaziwa kithi njengoba nomqondo lokusungula. On ezindongeni inqwaba emihumeni eqoshwe emadwaleni eyenziwe Cro-magnon indoda atholakele. Kuwufanele Ekugcizeleleni ukuthi amalunga Cro-Magnons kwesokunxele imidwebo yabo ezindaweni ezisemajukujukwini njalo. Mhlawumbe benza indima amanye imilingo.

Technique okukhiwa kusukela Cro-magnon ukuthi nhlobonhlobo. Abanye kahle ungenisa isithombe, kuyilapho abanye bhala ngaphandle kwabo. Cro-Magnons esetshenziswa upende anemibala. Advantageously, obomvu, ophuzi, ensundu black. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baze baqala ugaye izibalo zabantu. Zonke wathola ziphephile, ungakwazi ukuthola kalula cishe kunoma iyiphi Museum bemivubukulo. Ososayensi uqaphele ukuthi Cro-Magnons lwalwakhiwa athuthukiswe futhi wafundiswa. Ezikuthandayo ukugqoka imihlobiso ezenziwe amathambo ezilwane yazibulala.

Kukhona ngempela umbono ezithakazelisayo. Ngaphambili, kukholakala ukuthi Cro-Magnons axosha AmaNeanderthal emzabalazweni ukungalingani. Manje ososayensi basikisela ngenye. Bakholelwa ukuthi ethile kwesikhathi AmaNeanderthal futhi Cro-Magnons wahlala ngapha nangapha, kodwa buthaka bafa ngenxa yala snap ebandayo.

Kufinyeta

Umlando Geological Zomhlaba wathatha ekuqaleni yayo izigidi eziningi edlule. Inkathi ngayinye waba nesandla ukuphila lethu lesimanje. Sivame musa ucabange indlela iplanethi yethu savela. Funda ukuthi ungabasiza kanjani Earth wethu kwakhiwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba ayeke. Umlando ukuvela iplanethi uyakwazi charm wonke umuntu. Kunconywa ukuvikela Earth wethu, uma kuphela umlando kamuva ezigidi zeminyaka wempilo yethu, kwakukhona umuntu afunde.