Nazca. Oluyimfihlakalo Nazca imigqa. Nazca Lines

Ingabe uyazi ukuthi Nasca? Lena impucuko Indian lasendulo. It wathola igama layo kusukela emfuleni, esigodini lapho kuze kube yilolu suku ungajabulela ezikhumbuzo eziningi isiko. Nokuqhakaza lokhu impucuko kwaphawuleka kule yokuqala yeminyaka BC. Kamuva igama Nazca egqoka edolobhaneni Indian eningizimu Peru, etholakala ngemuva izintaba. Ukuze sikwazi ukufinyelela ke kusukela enhlokodolobha Lima, isimo kwakudingeka ahambe amakhilomitha amaningi endleleni ewubhuqu ukungcola komgwaqo, ise ugwadule ezinamadwala anesihlabathi.

Namuhla, inhloko-dolobha yase-Peru nomuzi Nazca uxhuma onguthelawayeka emine ilandelana. Futhi leyo ngxenye lapho sidlula emagqumeni engazalanga ehlane, zasendle kwavula ngamatshe. isigodi esincane nokunokuthula esikhathini esidlule, namuhla idolobha elincane, kodwa Lihle kakhulu. Zibonisa Museum ayo futhi epaki elincane, ezihlukahlukene ezitolo ngisho amabhange ezimbili. Laphaya amahhotela edolobheni amakilasi ezahlukene, okuyinto thatha izivakashi ayeyile endaweni yokujwayelana nezwe odumile "Pampa de Nasca."

geography

Yini edonsela izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba edolobheni elincane eningizimu Peru? Abavakashi ukuza lapha ukubheka Nazca emangalisayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu ethafeni, elise entabeni. Ukuze wakhe, ngokuqondene nabo bonke isici ithafa, abushelelezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isimo sezwe inamagquma. Kwezinye izindawo ibizwa kancane dissected. Okunye emathafeni ahlukaniswe abahlukene ithafa Amashalofu okubeka.

Lapho Nazca? Plateau itholakala eningizimu Peru. Kusukela enhloko-dolobha, Lima, is ahlukaniswe 450 km ukuthi kudingeka zinqotshwe ohlangothini eningizimu-mpumalanga. Nazca ehlane kumephu cishe ogwini lolwandle ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Kusukela ithafa emanzini amakhulu anezinhlanzi - akukho kuka amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili.

Ngokushesha ukuthola le ndawo ebalazweni ukuyoqondisa Nazca. Benza 14 ° 41 '18 "latitude eningizimu futhi 75 ° 7 '22" entshonalanga ye-longitude.

Nazca ine side ukusuka enyakatho kuya ifomu eningizimu. Ubude bayo km 50. Kodwa ububanzi bendawo kusukela entshonalanga emngceleni osempumalanga zokhahlamba kusuka amakhilomitha eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

izimo zemvelo

Nazca uhlela yokuthi endaweni Itholakala Dry Zone. Kule ndaba, it is ezigqagqene. Winter lapha Uthatha June kuya ku-September. Kithina, kuyamangaza, kodwa ushintsho zonyaka eNingizimu Nenkabazwe asishayisani nge nguye sici zone elise enyakatho yenkabazwe.

Ngokuqondene lokushisa, kuba esitebeleni cishe kule ndawo. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, ukubaluleka kwalo akukho ngaphansi kuka-degree elishumi elinamithandathu. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa cishe njalo igcinwe ngezithuba 25.

Nazca, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iseduze kuya emanzini ePacific Ocean. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, izimvula nazi ivelakancane. Akekho somoya ithafa futhi ngenxa mass umoya ivikelwe lamagquma. Ehlane nemifula nemifudlana. Bona lapha ungakwazi kuphela emlanjeni omisiwe yabo.

Nazca imigqa

Nokho, izivakashi eziningi bakhangwa esifundeni akuyona indawo yayo. Nazca ezikhanga izibalo ongaqondakali futhi imigqa zazo etholakala ngqo ku-surface yomhlaba. Ososayensi ngokuthi geoglyphs. Lo mqondo umumo weJiyomethri kwakhiwa enhlabathini emhlabeni, ubude engesiyo esingaphansi amamitha amane.

Nazca Lines kukhona anemifantu ingxube yesihlabathi amatshe, wemba emhlabathini. Ababona ezijulile (15-30 cm), kodwa isikhathi eside (kufika ku-10 km) kokuba nobubanzi ezahlukene (150 kuya ku-200 m). Geoglyphs, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, imigqa Nazca akhiwa umumo ezihlotshisiwe kakhulu. Lapha ungabona lamatshwayo izinyoni, izicabucabu nezilwane, kanye bobunjwa Jomethri. Zonke lezi imigqa oda 13 000 ithafa.

Kuyini lokhu? Izimfihlo umlando? Ethi Mysteries of the esidlule? Impendulo isobala zale mibuzo alikho. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imidwebo Nazca abekwa ku surface eMhlabeni ngezandla zabantu abanamakhono. Nokho, ukuqinisekisa lokhu nokucabanga namanje akunakwenzeka. Kunenye, ngempela unombono onamandla, owawuthi, band kanye line azenziwanga ngabantu, futhi abameleli intelligence ezisemkhathini. Lona imfihlakalo enkulu kunazo zonke Nazca ehlane, phezu okuyinto elwa eziningi ososayensi. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, imfihlakalo yasethafeni-Peruvian futhi uhlala ezweni ezingaxazululeki lanamuhla.

Umlando yokutholakala

Nazca ehlane (Peru) liyaziwa imidwebo omkhulu, esisogwini ithafa. Lezi imidwebo ngu Abadali engaziwa basonta lokuzuzwe isiko emhlabeni futhi art ngokungangabazeki lesikhumbuzo of yonke le mbulunga.

Ngokokuqala ngqá giant phansi iphethini ukubonwa pilot ngo-1927. Kodwa Lines Nazca wezesayensi waziwa kuphela ngemva engamashumi amabili. Yingaleso sikhathi-mlando American uPawulu Kosok banyathelisa uchungechunge izithombe izibalo emangalisayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto ayenziwa ngesikhumba emoyeni.

ukudala ubuchwepheshe

Figures Nazca wadala ngenkathi kususwa doti brown amatshe mlilo kanye amatshe camera nge enamathela ezondile umbala omnyama, nge kugcwele ukukhanya, ehlanganisa ingxube calcite, ubumba kanye nesihlabathi. Yingakho wabuka izibalo giant kuyabonakala enophephela emhlane noma indiza.

Kusukela emoyeni, zonke imigca ngemuva kwenhlabathi ukubheka mhlophe, nakuba lisemhlabathini noma izintaba ongaphakeme lezo zibalo uhlangane ne ezweni, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo.

Imigqa ngamajamo weJiyomethri

Zonke izithombe ukuthi kungabonwa ku Nazca ehlane, abe ukuma ezahlukene. Ezinye zazo amelela umugqa noma strip whose banzi uku kumamitha angu kusukela ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu aphindwe kayishumi noma ngaphezulu. ushona okunjalo inhlabathi made ngempela. Abakwazi cishe usuku olulodwa kuya ezintathu, noma amakhilomitha nakakhulu. Amabhendi Ungase futhi ngokushelela enwetshiwe kanye ubude bayo.

Ezinye imigqa Nazca kudluliselwa noma incishisiwe unxantathu. Kuyinto ifomu evamile ngamajamo weJiyomethri ku ithafa. Ubukhulu we ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ububanzi kusukela amakhilomitha amathathu. Lezi onxantathu avamise ukubizwa njengomuntu trapezoid. Ezinye izithombe Nazca kukhona indawo enkulu kokuba aboncamane nofana i ijamo okungajwayelekile.
Bheka ithafa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ezifana izibalo zama-engela ajwayelekile quadrilaterals njengoba trapezium (nge izinhlangothi ezimbili okuhambisana). Lezi owadalile ne amafomu ecacile ehlane imayelana anamakhulu asixhenxe.

imigqa Abaningi nakuzingxenyekazi bakhethe amanye Ukungena iphrofayela arched kuya ngamasentimitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Futhi zonke lezi anemifantu kunemingcele ecacile, sifana lomgwaqo.

I engavamile imigca Nazca

-Peruvian ehlane geoglyphs kabanzi eyaziwa ngoba lobuqotho bayo. Imagination abahambi ishayise umugqa, esisuka ngezinyawo amakhilomitha amaningi kanye ithafa, kalula enqoba zonke izici isimo sezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo Nazca ayizikhungo yokuqala, ngokuvamile owawuba emagqumeni. Ngezinye la maphuzu bukhomba futhi washintsha izinhlobo ezahlukene emigqeni. Ngokuvamile ayimigodi enhlabathini zihlangene komunye nomunye, ngaleyo ndlela Asibambaneni inhlanganisela ezahlukene. Kwenzeka ukuthi bobunjwa imigqa wakhonza nomunye.

Kuyathakazelisa futhi indawo trapezoids. isizinda sabo ngokuvamile ijikelezwe ku ohlangothini izigodi emfuleni futhi umncane ngezansi.

Kuyamangalisa kanye neqiniso lokuthi:

• imiphetho zabo bonke imigqa babe ukunemba eliphakeme, okuyinto basakaza phezu lonke ngamasentimitha amahlanu amakhilomitha amaningana ubude;
• egcinwe wabuka ukubonakala ngisho uma sisebenzisa izingcezu ku nomunye;
• kukhona komkhawulo okuqinile Umumo lapho ubude eningi nobubanzi emapheshana;
• agcinwayo bands ukubonakala ngisho phakathi izinguquko inhlabathi izici;
• ukufana waphawula ukucushwa nendawo iphethini osabalalayo bobunjwa izifunda optical;
• geometry alondolozwe lilolonge ngisho sezwe nzima;
• zikhona imigqa eziqanjwe uhlamvu yezinkanyezi, ekhomba ohlangothini ukukhanya noma ngothi i-equinox.

A ezihlukahlukene amaphethini

A uhlobo umhlobiso emikhulu amasayithi Nazca kukhona zigzags futhi knutoobraznye izibalo. Phakathi imigqa 13 000, 800 zokudlala kanye namakhulu ohlobo ezahlukene amazing futhi engaqondakali ehlane wasePeru, ungabona amaphethini okunenjongo. Lokhu ezintathu kweshumi izilwane nezinyoni izibalo, phakathi lapho:

• Lizard kwamamitha angu-200 ubude, itheyiphu anolaka emendweni American, abalinqabayo abakhi ungazange wakuphawula iphethini;
• inyoni inyoka-lukhuni, welulela 300 m;
• imitha-engamakhulu Condor;
• spider vosmidesyatimetrovy.

Ngaphezu lezi zithombe ungabona izinhlanzi nezinyoni, nenkawu nembali, into efana isihlahla, kanye imitha-amathathu sibalo lomuntu, wenza hhayi ithafa, nokunye okunjalo wanyathela kwenye emithambekeni emaweni sentaba.

Enhlabathini, zonke lezi zibalo zimane nje le imivimbo ngabanye nemidwa. Yazisa isizemazema sesithombe kungenziwa kuphela ephakanyiswe emoyeni. Lezi izimfihlakalo enkulu yomlando, izimfihlakalo esidlule namanje abakabutholi izincazelo zabo izazi. Njengoba i ngempucuko yasendulo ukuthi alinaso izindiza wakwazi ukwakha imidwebo eziyinkimbinkimbi enjalo, futhi ngayiphi injongo yabo?

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule Nazca imidwebo

Izithombe nentaba zezinyoni nezilwane ziye lobehlukene, ezisukela 45 300 m ububanzi umdwebo nentaba umugqa - .. Kusuka 15 cm kuya ku-3 m Zonke izithombe onenjongo kungabonwa Nazca igxile usiko engaphezulu esigodini emfuleni Ingenio.

Phakathi izici lamaphethini bungabonakala:

• enza omunye okuqhubekayo, ungalokothi kweqa futhi ivale emgqeni;
• isiqalo ekupheleni kude zitholakala Esitezi;
• "Outlet" futhi "itheku" izifunda kukhona imigqa emibili parallel;
• kukhona esibonakalayo ephelele phakathi amaphethini ijika nemigqa okuye ezitholwa ososayensi, kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho eqinile wezibalo, echaza bayezwana nobuhle;
• ukukhishwa mechanical (ngaphandle inkawu isithombe), okuyinto siphuce imifanekiso yezilwane kwanoma iyiphi Umbala ngokomzwelo;
• khona asymmetry, okuyinto ngenxa yokungapheleli umsebenzi ukwandisa imidwebo;
• khona imigqa intersecting, zifana komunye imigqa nentaba, okuyinto alichaza ukuqaliswa eziyinkimbinkimbi Umumo yangaphakathi isikhala.

Imibono kanye version

Ngubani umbhali wencwadi izidalwa ezimangalisayo kukhona ogwadule Nazca? Nakuba ososayensi abakwazi kuphela ukwakha ezinguqulweni zabo siqu futhi ukubeka phambili imibono eyayisinesikhathi ahlukahlukene. Ngakho, okuningi abalandeli kucatshangwa ezisemkhathini imvelaphi geoglyphs. Basikisela ukuthi imigqa ezibanzi zazisetshenziselwa ezisemkhathini impucuko zezindiza. Nokho, lo mbono eziningi izitha ukuthi push agumenti yakho enamandla kakhulu - imidwebo uhlamvu. Yebo, zingabangane umxhwele hhayi usayizi umhlaba, kodwa indaba yabo uthi zenziwa ngabantu, hhayi njengabafokazi.

Nokho, kulesi simo, zikhona namanje eziningi eziyimfihlakalo ezingaxazululeki. Indlela asiyazi amakhosi bakwazi ukwakha umfanekiso omkhulu onjalo kungabonwa kuphela kusukela emoyeni? Bakwenzelani na? Yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswa ukugcina inani onobuhle giant?

Hypothesis ngemvelaphi imidwebo phezu Nazca ezihlukahlukene, futhi abanye babo nje kumnandi. Nokho, kukhona phakathi izinguqulo ekhona futhi labo azinake ekhethekile.

Ngakho, ngokuvumelana kwezinye izazi, lonke uhlelo imigca Nazca kuyinto ikhalenda omkhulu. Omunye wabantu bokuqala ukubeka phambili lesi siphakamiso uPawulu Kosok. Lokhu nososayensi waseMelika waba ngowokuqala ukuthola inqwaba okuyimfihlakalo ezihlukahlukene bobunjwa nemigqa. Konke ukuphila kwakhe ngemva kwalokho ngakwazi ezinikele Ukwambula Imfihlakalo ehlane Peruvian. Uma Kosok waphawula ukuthi lapho lishona ilanga lalitshonile ngokwayo ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo emkhathizwe nge omunye imigca lecondzile. Wabuye kutholakele futhi band ebonisa ukuphikiswa ejwayelekile. Futhi, kukhona kucatshangwa Kosok ukuthi izibalo ezithile zivumelana nalezo noma nezinye izindikimba cosmic. Lo mbono uye khona isikhathi esithile eside. Futhi sasekelwa ososayensi abaningi abadumile ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, kamuva kungase kutholakale ukuthi iphesenti ofanayo Nazca imidwebo planethi ezithile incane kakhulu ukubamba ikhalenda uhlelo.

Kukhona enye inguqulo ozwakalayo kakhulu. Ngokusho Nazca imigqa wakhe kubonisa indawo uhlelo olubanzi iziteshi amanzi ngaphansi komhlabathi. Ukusekela lo mbono Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indawo imithombo lasendulo kuvumelana ngemba ku imivimbo phansi. Kodwa mhlawumbe lokho nje kwaqondana nje nje.

Mhlawumbe injongo Nazca Lines kuyinto uhlamvu yisakhiwo sodumo? I bemba abavubukuli baye bathola endaweni lasendulo womuntu yokungcwaba izithombe nasema-altare. Nokho, kuzo zonke izinto isiko kwakhiwa njalo ngendlela kungenza abanye imizwa futhi kuthinte umuntu. Izinombolo nje kubukwe kuphela ovela ukuphakama, akukho imizwa yalabo abanamawala ngokweqile emhlabathini, hhayi kubangele.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, okunguye owadala lezi zibalo emangalisayo, wakwazi ngandlela-thile ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa emoyeni futhi ngokuphawulekayo ngamakhasimende emkhathini. Mhlawumbe abantu basendulo Sakwazi ukwakha Balloons futhi fly kubo?

Zonke imibono eyayisinesikhathi ekhona aze wabhubhisa isintu imfihlakalo Nazca ehlane. Mhlawumbe ososayensi ngeke ukuphendula umbuzo ngemvelaphi imigqa emangalisayo maduze? Noma mhlawumbe imfihlakalo ngeke ezingaxazululeki ...