Zesayensi ezidumile. zesayensi zenuzi Famous

Ukutadisha imithetho yemvelo indoda wahlanganyela wezinkulungwane eziningana edlule. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana impahla edingekayo, ubushiqela zenkolo, ukufinyelela nzima imfundo abantu ngaphandle isimo abalulekile - konke lokhu akukwazanga ukunqanda inqubekela phambili umcabango ngokwesayensi. zesayensi ezidumile ezivela emhlabeni wonke bakwazi ukufunda indlela ukudlulisa ulwazi olude, ukuthola ugesi, kanye nokunye okwengeziwe. Yiziphi amagama ebaluleke kakhulu indaba? Sibala ezinye Ochwepheshe ovelele kakhulu.

U-Albert Einstein

Usosayensi esizayo wazalwa ngo-March 1879 edolobheni lase-Ulm, eJalimane. Albert okhokho wahlala e Swabia, ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa, yena kuze isinsuku uzigcinile imemori yifa labo - wathi nge touch of the nokugqamisa eningizimu-German. Abafundile esikoleni abantu bese efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, lapho zisuka ayethanda ngesayensi yemvelo kanye ngaphasi komkhakha wezesayensi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16 wayekade yingcweti konke eyayidingeka ukuze yokwemukela inyuvesi, kodwa akazange wakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale ukuhlolwa ngolimi. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva waba umfundi Polytechnic University e Zurich. othisha akhe angamalangabi zesayensi ezidumile nesazi sezibalo esikhulu kunazo isikhathi, isibonelo, uHermann Minkowski, ngubani esikhathini esizayo beveza ifomula ephelele yokuveza kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela wokuhlobana kwezinto. Esikhathini esiningi, Einstein wachitha ku okucwaninga noma ukufunda imisebenzi uMaxwell, Kirchhoff nabanye ochwepheshe okuholela emkhakheni. Ngemva kokufunda isikhathi esithile Albert wayenguthisha, futhi kamuva waba lobuchwepheshe ehhovisi uchwepheshe patent eminyakeni lapho wanyathelisa eziningi imisebenzi yakhe edumile, mkhazimuliseni emhlabeni. Washintsha indlela abantu bacabanga mayelana isikhala kwaba ifomula ejika mass ibe hlobo luni lwamandla, futhi wafundelwa ngokujulile physics yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Impumelelo yakhe ngokushesha uMklomelo KaNobel, futhi usosayensi kuhanjiswe ku US, lapho ayesebenza khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Nikola Tesla

Lokhu Umsunguli wendlela Empire Austro-Hungarian, mhlawumbe physics edume kakhulu emhlabeni. uhlamvu Eccentric nokwatholakala wamavukelambuso wamenza ezidumile waphefumulela abalobi eziningana nabakhiqizi for ukusetshenziswa ngomfanekiso wakhe emsebenzini wakhe. Wazalwa ngo-July 1856, futhi kusukela zisencane, kanye nezinye physics abaningi abadumile, waqala ukukhombisa ukuthambekela umthwalo komkhakha wezesayensi. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, wathola lo mkhuba kushintshana zamanje, ukukhanya Fluorescent nokudluliselwa amandla ngaphandle kwezintambo, uye wazakhela elawulwa kude futhi indlela ekwelapheni ukushaqeka, wenza amawashi kagesi, injini solar, namanye amadivayisi eziningi eziyingqayizivele, okuyinto wathola patent abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa lokhu umsakazo yasungulwa physics eyaziwa Popov futhi Marconi, kodwa owokuqala kwaba namanje Tesla. Modern amandla kagesi kusekelwe kuphela impumelelo yakhe siqu nokwatholakala. Omunye ucwaningo yesiteleka kakhulu Nikola kwaba ukudluliselwa wamanje amakhilomitha amahlanu. Wakwazi ukukhanyisa ambalwa ama-globe kagesi, anamanci ngaphandle kwezintambo, bakha umbhoshongo omkhulu kuyiphi landizela umbani futhi kwakuthiwa ukuduma wezwa wonke endaweni. ibhizinisi Okumangalisayo okuyingozi waba lokuhweba. Phela, lo ifilimu ngokuvamile okwaboniswa kule isipiliyoni ethile.

Isaak Nyuton

Abaningi zesayensi owaziwa baye negalelo elikhulu, kodwa Newton kwaba uhlobo iphayona. Imilayo yakhe ngesisekelo imibono eminingi yanamuhla, futhi ngesikhathi ukutholakala kwawo kwaba nentuthuko wamavukelambuso ngempela. Kudabuka khona eyiNgisi abadumile 1643. Kusukela ebuntwaneni yayinesithakazelo physics kanye eminyakeni wabhala imisebenzi kahle nezibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi kanye yokukhanya. Waqale ephethwe ukwakha imithetho eyisisekelo endalo, lawo babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu imisebenzi wesimanje. Akumangalisi ukuthi Isaak Nyuton wangeniswa iRoyal Society of London, futhi sekungamakhulu isikhathi esithile, futhi umengameli wayo.

Lev Landau

Njengezinye zesayensi eziningi owaziwa, Landau kubonakala ngokucacile kakhulu ngokwayo emkhakheni theory. Usosayensi Legendary Soviet wazalwa ngo-January 1908, emndenini unjiniyela kanye nodokotela. Yena lolungenamaphutsa esikoleni esiphakeme futhi libhaliswe Baku ephakeme, lapho umfundi waqala ukutadisha zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Iminyaka nesishiyagalolunye wayeseboshwe eshicilelwe amaphepha ezine ucwaningo. umsebenzi Brilliant iye enikelwe ekutadisheni uthi quantum kanye kwabantu matrices, futhi electrodynamics. Landau impumelelo ziye yaklonyeliswa Prize kaNobel, ngaphezu, usosayensi Soviet wathola eziningana Stalin Prize, Hero of Socialist Labour, khona ilungu zokuhlonipha we iRoyal Society of London kanye nenombolo ye zezifundiswa angaphandle of Sciences. Yena wabambisana Heisenberg, Pauli futhi Bohr. Kugcine ukuthonywa Landau sinamandla ikakhulukazi - imibono yakhe uvele ngaphambi ngezimfundiso ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo magnetic electron khulula.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Ukwenza uhlu, okwakuba khona kuyo izazi sesayensi yemvelo edume kakhulu emhlabeni, ingasaphathwa igama. Dzheyms Klerk Maksvell kwaba usosayensi waseBrithani owayehola athuthukile electrodynamics classical. Yazalwa ngo-Juni 1831, futhi kakade nge 1860 th yaba ilungu-Royal Society. Maxwell wadala physics laboratory wezwe wokuqala nge imishini yobuchwepheshe. Lapho, wafunda kagesi, ithiyori kinetic amagesi, yokukhanya, kuyaqina kanye nezinye izihloko. Yena ngomunye wabokuqala wakwazi ukwakha kudivayisi nesilinganiso ambalwa of umbala, kamuva esabizwa ngesizwe Maxwell disk. Ngo bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, wazakhela wonke amaqiniso aziwayo electrodynamics futhi yethulwa nomqondo ukufuduka zamanje, okudala kazibuthe. Maxwell waveza yonke imithetho ezibalweni ezine. ukuhlaziywa yabo ivumela ukubonisa imithetho, okwakukhona ezazingaziwa.

igor Kurchatov

A physics owaziwa yenuzi kweSoviet Union futhi uyakufanelekela yisho. Igor Kurchatov kwanda eCrimea, lapho kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme futhi inyuvesi. Kusukela ngo-1924 waqala ukusebenza njengoba umsizi woMnyango Physics of Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, kanye ngemva konyaka kwakuqashwa eLeningrad. Ukuze ucwaningo ngempumelelo dielectrics yena waklonyeliswa degree academic udokotela. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, kakade 1939 owayebuthelwa ukusebenza cyclotron. Igor Kurchatov kwaholela umsebenzi ukusabela yenuzi futhi wahola iphrojekthi Soviet athomu. esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi wokuqala wavulwa ngaphansi kwakhe. Kurchatov wadala eSoviet amabhomu lokuqala le-athomu ne-hydrogen. Ukuze impumelelo yayo wathola imiklomelo isimo eziningana futhi izindondo.