Kwabantu njengoba isayensi emphakathini

Sociology njengoba isayensi emphakathini

Sociology - isayensi ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile emphakathini. Usebenta ekutadisheni zenhlalakahle (umthetho, isimo, njll), ubudlelwano nomphakathi phakathi izikhonzi: abantu, tikhungo tetenhlalo. Sociology njengoba isayensi emphakathini basungula emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule.

Izigaba eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu.

1. Isikhathi bokuqala. Man kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo nesithakazelo kuphela imihlola nemikarisomraro ye imvelo, kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene ukhona eduze kwabanye abantu. Ososayensi yabhekisela ukhona indoda emphakathini. Umsuka kwabantu ingatholakala umcabango abahlakaniphileyo, ososayensi - e esikweyoku yabo iseluleko ezindabeni zokuphila. umsebenzi "Ezombusazwe" Aristotle, futhi kaPlato "Imithetho" babe ukuqala ekutadisheni tikhungo tetenhlalo: amalungelo umndeni kanye nembuso. Izazi eziningi zasendulo yabhekisela indawo womuntu emphakathini.

2. Renaissance - isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga komphakathi. Kukhona abacwaningi omusha zihlobene kwabantu, okuhloswe ukufunda ngezici ezihlukahlukene umphakathi. Mishel Monten, Erazm Rotterdamsky, Nikkolo Makiavelli, Thomas More wayesebenzisa - izazi ezinkulu Ephakathi. Babeka nezindaba yenza ubuhlobo babantu. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni pheceza imodeli umphakathi ukuthi sifana emphakathini okuwukuphela kwendawo kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha futhi inqubo kulawulwa amasiko kanye Nkulunkulu. Le ndoda yayinemibuzo indima ingane umphakathi.

3. Age of Ukukhanyiselwa. Ngalesi Epoch nemibono ebekiwe umphakathi futhi indima yomuntu kwi-ke yashintsha. Denis Diderot, Claude Adrien Gelvetsky - ihlaziye umphakathi, kungani kwaba ukungalingani ngokwezomnotho, heterogeneity emphakathini. Man - nomuntu ezimele, ukuphila kwakhe, ukuziphatha incike umzamo yentando, ngakho bebacabanga.

4. esiteji Classic yentuthuko (19-20 eminyaka). Asikwazi ukuhlukanisa ongqondongqondo ezintathu ezibalulekile Emil Dyurkgeym, Maks Veber, Marx.

Marx ukuba sidlule siye sabonisa ukuthi kungani kwaba ukungalingani komphakathi, ihlaziye izingxabano lokuhlanganyela emphakathini njengesakhamuzi esihlelekile mkhuba, okuyizinto ezidingekayo sokuthuthukisa umphakathi.

Weber wazakhela theory lwezenhlalo omphakathi. Iphuzu emaphakathi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela - yokuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini zincike ubudlelwano bayo nabanye abantu.

Durkheim, afike wasungula khona iSikhungo esikoleni kwabantu. Umphakathi khona akuxhomekile izenzo ngabanye. Umuntu ngamunye lucwaningo umsebenzi walo.

Ngenxa ososayensi, ifilosofi kwabantu njengoba isayensi emphakathini has isihloko yayo, imfundiso kanye kungenzeka ukuthola isiqinisekiso lo mbono.

Imisebenzi kwabantu njengoba isayensi.

Kutfola lwati, injongo yayo - ukutadisha umphakathi, ukuqonda isakhiwo yayo, ukuthi kufanele ixoxe kanjani abantu ngabanye namaqembu abantu. Uphendvula umbuzo, siphila onjani emphakathini?

Lwetibalo lelandzisako, inikeza labo ukufunda kwabantu, uhlelo imiqondo, imibono nezincazelo imithetho ezibonisa ngokoqobo nomphakathi. Kanjani futhi yini eyenziwayo emphakathini? - ke yiyo ephendula imibuzo.

Ngobuqotho. Ukuhlolwa nesikhathi umphakathi (izikhungo, izinhlangano zomphakathi) kwezinkambiso okulindelwe amalungelo amaqembu kwezenhlalo kanye nabantu, imigomo yabo, izidingo. Liphendula umbuzo: Ingabe umphakathi wethu wentando yeningi, njengoba isebenza?

Uchaza. Inikeza incazelo ngezehlakalo kwezenhlalo, izenzakalo futhi izinqubo ezisekelwe emaqinisweni phendla imithetho. Liphendula umbuzo: kungani okwenzekayo emphakathini ngakho, esikhundleni ehlukile?

Ngemibono kanye worldview. It nokobana kwezifiso ezithile zezombangazwe-nomphakathi. Uphendvula umbuzo: Yini izenzo ethile nomphakathi kuthathe indawo?

I-Predictive. Kwenza okulindelekile ngokusekelwe kulowombono amaphethini ekukhuleni komphakathi kanye nolwazi izitayela, ukudalwa zimo izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Ukuze umbuzo: Yini engase yenzeke umphakathi esikhathini esizayo? - ihlangabezana lo msebenzi.

Ukuphathwa. Ngemva kokuchaza amaphethini ukuthuthukiswa, ukudalwa zimo izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene esikhathini esizayo - kwabantu ungaphatha izenzakalo umphakathi. Liphendula umbuzo: kanjani ukuphatha ngempumelelo ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile?

Ukuqeqeshwa (ezemfundo). Sociology ngokusebenzisa izikhungo ezehlukene yokuthuthukisa amakhono, izikhungo zemfundo lingakwazi ukumelana basakaza kokuhlaziywa lwezenhlalo nolwazi. Liphendula umbuzo: Yini kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ulwazi mayelana nomphakathi?

kwabantu Kuze kube manje isayensi yokufundwa emphakathini Sinesithakazelo esikhulu ngokwesayensi. zonke lezi zici nihlanganyele, ukwakha ukusebenza olulodwa, ithele kwabantu ohlelweni.