Umgede ibhubesi - i umhlaseli lasendulo

Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule iplanethi enguMhlaba lalihlala ezilwane ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto ke saphela ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Manje lezi zilwane zivame ngokuthi wezinsalela zamandulo. izidumbu zawo esigcinwe ngendlela amathambo skeleton namakhakhayi ezitholakala abavubukuli. Abacwaningi ke ukuqoqa ngokucophelela zonke amathambo ndawonye nokuzama ngaleyo ndlela ukubuyisela ukubukeka besikhumba saleso silwane. Ngokwenza kanjalo, zisiza migede imidwebo, ngisho into ebaziwe bakudala kwesokunxele abantu lasendulo, owayehlala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Namuhla, ososayensi baye basisize computer lokuphinda isithombe sesilwane wezinsalela zamandulo. Umgede ibhubesi - uhlobo izidalwa lasendulo, wesabeka abazalwane ezincane. Ngisho nabantu bakudala wazama ukuthola round ihlala.

Izinsalela esidla inyama emhumeni ibhubesi

Kwakuthinta ngaleyo ndlela wathola futhi kuchazwe ifomu lwabanukubeza ezimbiwa phansi ososayensi abaye okuthiwa ingonyama emhumeni lasendulo. Amanxiwa ezindawo amathambo lalesi silwane eziye zatholakala e-Asia, e-Europe nase-North America. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ibhubesi emhumeni wahlala kuleyo nsimu enkulu kusukela Alaska aye eBritish Isles. Igama unikezwa lolu hlobo, kwathiwa ulungile, ngoba yilokho iningi isidumbu sakhe lwamathambo atholakele nasemihumeni. Kodwa emhumeni kwasala izilwane eyayilimele nabafayo. Phila futhi azingele, bakhetha ezivulekile.

Umlando yokutholakala

Incazelo yokuqala enemininingwane wengonyama emhumeni senziwa sezilwane Russian futhi Isazi UNikolai Kuzmich Vereshchagin. Encwadini yakhe ethi, watshela ngokuningiliziwe mayelana sokusebenzisana tribal lwesifundo isilwane distribution yayo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, izici ukudla, zizalela kanye neminye imininingwane. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuthi "Ibhubesi emhumeni nomlando wayo ku Holarctic futhi e-USSR" ebhalwe ngesisekelo kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo olunzulu futhi namanje the best imisebenzi yesayensi cwaningo kwezilwane wezinsalela zamandulo. ososayensi Galoarktikoy ukubiza ingxenye enkulu Nenkabazwe.

Incazelo isilwane

Umgede ingonyama kwaba nomzingeli esikhulu kakhulu, nesisindo 350 amakhilogremu, ukuphakama ngesikhathi buyabuna ka 120-150 cm kanye nobude umzimba 2.5 amamitha, ngaphandle umsila. imilenze enamandla babemi eside, okwenza umhlaseli isilwane ubude. Izinwele zakhe kwaba bushelelezi futhi short, umbala - ngisho, monochromatic, isihlabathi futhi ngimpunga, okwamsiza fihla ngokwabo ngesikhathi ekuzingeleni. Winter pelage kwaba aluhlaza ngaphezulu bese igcinwa ngenxa yamakhaza. Avuse e emhumeni izingonyama kwakungafanele, njengoba kufakazelwa imidwebo emhumeni abantu bakudala. Kodwa shayela on the umsila likhona ezithombeni eziningi. nomzingeli sidilizwa ephefumulelwe okhokho bethu ukwesaba netwetwe.

emhumeni ingonyama ikhanda kwaba elikhulu, nge emihlathini enamandla. Dentition ezimbiwa phansi uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi ngaphandle ubukeka iyafana izingonyama yesimanje, kodwa ngamazinyo zisekhona okukhulu ngaphezulu. canines amabili lo ongenhla bazongena esitelekeni ukubukeka kwabo: ubude isilwane ngasinye Canine kwaba 11-11.5 cm. Isakhiwo nemihlathi dentition libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ibhubesi umhume yesilwane esiphila ngenyama ukubhekana izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu.

Izindawo nokuzingela

On idwala imidwebo luvamise njengeqembu phandu izingonyama olandela eyodwa isisulu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye wahlala imihlambi yamabhubesi ize nokuzingela wayekwenza bebonke. Ukuhlaziya ithambo uhlala kwezilwane ezitholakala kule ndawo phandu amabhubesi, ebonisa ukuthi ayehlasela a izinyamazane, amaphiva, izinyathi, izinkambo, yaks, must izinkabi nezinye izilwane, owahlangabeza kule ndawo ethize. yimpango yabo kungaba mammoth abasha, amakamela, obhejane, izimvubu kanye emhumeni namabhere. Ososayensi musa ukuvala amathuba lihlaselwa izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye mammoth omdala, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle salokhu. Ikakhulukazi bakudala abantu Umgede ingonyama ezingelwa. Umuntu angaphetha uba yisisulu nomzingeli lapho isilwane wafika yokukhosela, lapho abantu baphila. abantu abagulayo noma ubudala kuphela ngokuvamile ekhuphukela emihumeni. Alone, indoda wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela nomzingeli kodwa ukuvikelwa collective nokusetshenziswa umlilo ekusindiseni abantu, noma abanye babo. Lezi izingonyama yokuqothulwa ziqinile, kodwa akazange abasindise ekufeni ezithile.

Ezinye izinto okungenzeka yokuqothulwa

Ukufa Mass futhi ukushabalala emhumeni izingonyama kwenzeka esikhathini kokuphela kwesikhathi, okuyinto ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi Late Pleistocene. Le nkathi yaphela cishe eminyakeni 10,000 edlule. Ngaphambi kokuphela Pleistocene futhi baba mammoth yokuqothulwa nezinye izilwane, okuyinto manje obizwa ngokuthi imithombo. Izizathu ukushabalala emhumeni izingonyama ezibhekwa:

• ushintsho esimweni sezulu;
• ekuguqulweni landscape;
• imisebenzi yomuntu lasekuqaleni.

Climate futhi landscape izinguquko wephule nendawo abayijwayele ngokwabo amabhubesi, nezilwane lapho zidla. Baphihlizwa baba eziwukudla, okwaholela ukushabalala mass ezidla uhlaza, zibancishe ukudla ezidingekayo, futhi ngemva kwabo saphela, kanye nezinto ezidla.

Man njengoba imbangela yokufa mass yezilwane ezimbiwa phansi isikhathi eside kwakungaziwa kubhekwe. Kodwa ososayensi abaningi banake yokuthi abantu bakudala njalo ithuthukiswe futhi ngcono. Kwakukhona entsha izinhlobo izikhali, ukuzingela, amasu ukuzingela ngcono. Le ndoda yena phathelana fed ezidla uhlaza kanye nezinto ezidla lezi baye bafunda ukumelana. Lokhu kungaholela kuqothulwe zamathambo isilwane, letifaka ekhatsi libhubesi emhumeni. Manje uyazi ukuthi hlobo luni izilwane sezishabalele njengoba ukuthuthukiswa impucuko womuntu.

Nakubukwa umtselela womuntu elonakalisayo nemvelo, inguqulo bakudala ka ukubandakanywa kwabantu e ukunyamalala emhumeni amabhubesi, namuhla akubonakali kumnandi.