Ukubalwa amandla ezifundeni kagesi

Noma yiziphi izinto zikagesi libhekene nemingcele eziningana eziyisisekelo, phakathi lapho voltage wazikala zamanje namandla. Ngezinye izikhathi ishidi idatha amandla esibekiwe kanye voltage, lamanje kuleli cala kalula atholakala ngokusebenzisa owaziwa amafomula Ohm sika (Yiqiniso, eziningi ukubhuka - cos isb, kumelwe kwaziwe). Okuphambene nalokho nakho kuyiqiniso: ngokwazi wamanje kanye voltage, kungenzeka ukwenza amandla ukubala. Inethiwekhi global has a lot of ukwaziswa okuphathelene nale ndaba, kodwa iningi labo zenzelwe ochwepheshe.

Ake sibheke ukuthi kusho ukuthini igama elithi "amandla kagesi", iziphi izinhlobo zayo nendlela ukwenza ukubala amandla. I ngomqondo ongokoqobo kwamandla kubonisa fast kanjani ukufaka (kudivayisi) amandla ukuguqulwa okwenzeka endaweni eyodwa noma nakolunye uhlobo lomsebenzi ewusizo. Yilokho ngakho elula! igama elithi "ukusebenza" kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amadivayisi-non-kagesi okufanayo.

Ukuhlukana kagesi yokutholwa, owawuthi kukhona amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo. Esokuqala ngqo ibe umsebenzi ewusizo, ngakho-ke, kubhekwa ezinkulu. Lesi simiso W nemikhiqizo -. Kilowatt, megawatt njll kukhonjiswe ku zasendlini. Nakuba lokhu akusho ukuthi akukho ingxenye esisheshayo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kwesibili - i engathandeki, njengoba ukusebenzisa umsebenzi akuthathi ingxenye, futhi wachitha ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ukulahlekelwa. Ayephila Ngayo "Var" (volt ampere esisheshayo) nemikhiqizo - kilovolt-ampere esisheshayo njll Inani izingxenye asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo akha amandla ngokuphelele (volt angu-amperes VA).

Isibonelo esimangalisayo umsebenzisi nge okumsulwa resistive umthwalo - kwe-heater kagesi. Lapho edlula ke i kagesi eyenziwe ukushisa, kanye ngokulingana oqondile. Ngokufanayo, izenzo esisheshayo amandla umthengi - a transformer zakudala. Lapho emsebenzini walo Windings kudala kazibuthe zona ngokwazo akudingekile (usebenzisa kagesi lokungeniswa impahla). Umnyombo kazibuthe kuyinto uzibuthe, ukulahlekelwa zenzeka. Ngamanye amazwi:

Q = U mina isono Fi,

lapho isono Fi - sine ye-engeli phakathi wamanje kanye voltage. uphawu kwakho kuncike uhlobo imithwalo (capacitive noma exhasa).

amandla ukubala iqala ekutholeni uhlobo wamanje: njalo noma variable, njengoba amafomula akuzona jikelele.

Esimweni sokuqala, phetho umthetho the classic Ohm sika. Amandla P iwumkhiqizo I zamanje U voltage:

P = mina U (W = A * B).

Lapho isifunda emthombeni wamandla is kunakwe isiqondiso EMF: kuyadingeka sokubalwa impedance umthombo. Ngakho, i-generator noma ibhethri lapho wamanje uvela "-" ukuba "+", akunika amandla ukuze circuit umthwalo, ithumela amandla. Uma ukugeleza lwamanje okuphambene kuya isicelo ezingaba (ukushaja ibhethri), khona-ke amandla ukumuncwa umthombo EMF.

Amandla ukubala ifomula ngoba i-AC (uchungechunge olulodwa-isigaba) ama-akhawunti e Coefficient - "amandla isici." Limelela asebenzayo amandla ingxenye isilinganiso nenani. Ngokusobala, esimweni TAN cosine ilingana 1 (ephelele), njengoba engekho ingxenye esisheshayo. Uma kungenjalo, izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukulahleka at generator uhlangothi usebenzisa emalungeni ahlukahlukene ukunwetshwa noma ezinye izixazululo lobuchwepheshe.

Ngakho:

P = U mina cos Fi.

Ukubalwa amandla ezintathu okhombisa izifunda wenziwa ngoba isigaba ngasinye, bese amagugu okuholela ke wafingqa. AC sobala ibalwa njengoba impande square yesamba izigcawu izingxenye asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo. Odala amadivayisi (substation) kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi umthamo ncamashi egcwele, njengoba akhethiwe ngesisekelo lokhu, zonke ezinye izinto ulandele emaketangeni. Kusobala ukuthi ezimweni eziningi akunakwenzeka ukwazi kusengaphambili ubunjalo umthwalo.