Biology - isayensi study ... Yini ukutadisha biology njengoba isayensi

Kusukela ekuqaleni wempilo yethu thina njalo okubonayo kuwukubonakaliswa ukuphila. Izingane ezincane zifunda ukukhamba nokukhuluma, ukushaya ezihlukahlukene izilwane, izinambuzane, ukuwabukela endle. Ukuthola amadala, njalo umntwana uqala ukubona ukuthi emhlabeni kuba izwe elikhulu futhi ocebile kakhulu eziphilayo. Phela, izitshalo, nezilwane nezinambuzane, futhi amakhowe - zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukwazi leli zwe elihle, siba buhlakaniphile, ukhulile futhi iyofunda ukuthi umuntu.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile futhi, lapho izingane ukuya esikoleni, zifunda ukuthi biology - isayensi study zonke lezi izinto eziphilayo, ezimpilweni zabo, nihlanganyele kanye imvelo. Futhi lokhu isayensi uyafundelwa umthelela ukuthi abantu nezilwane at nomunye.

I etymology kwegama elithi "biology"

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimpande igama elithi "biology" itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva abantu basendulo babengazi indoevreyskim abanale igama elithi "umlenze" kusho "ukuqoqa", "abuthe". Kamuva, kokuba ethole sebuningini ukuguqulwa, igama elithi atholwe eduze lo msindo. AmaGreki asendulo wasebenzisa igama elithi "bios", okusho ukuthi "ukuphila", futhi igama elithi "ama-logo", elihunyushwe ngokuthi "imfundiso". Simple, ngokuhlanganisa imiqondo emibili, uthola cishe kwencazelo "biology." Kuyinto isayensi ukuthi etadisha ukuphila, uma sikhuluma uwonke futhi ezingabalulekile. Eqinisweni, umqondo likhulu kakhulu, nesayense ngokwayo kuyathakazelisa kakhulu.

Kuyini biology, futhi uqhutshelwa?

yonke iplanethi yethu yakhiwa amagobolondo eziningana. Omunye wabo Biosphere. Futhi, uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli yakhiwa biomass kanye biomass imelelwa nesigcino eziphilayo emhlabeni, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu kanye ndawo. Ngakho, kuba biomass futhi into ekuhloleni biology. Kodwa uma kungukuphikisana ezihlukahlukene kakhulu inani labamemezeli indlela nihlanganyele kanye nakwamanye ngezizathu, kunesidingo ekwehlukanisweni kwetindzima biology ngesikhathi neminyango. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bakhulile yini ku lonke wesayensi ezimele.

Yini ososayensi ukutadisha biology? Zama ukuqonda. Ezinye eziyisisekelo, futhi konke ezimpilweni zabantu asemqoka kakhulu. Biology ihlanganisa zonke izici zokuphila eziphilayo, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, isayensi, spin-off kusukela uluthanda kangaka.

yamangqamuzana biology

Kuyinto ekutadisheni izinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu wamaprotheni zamagama, isitoreji izindlela futhi ukudluliswa ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, isimiso sezakhi zofuzo futhi oyiyo. Izinto cwaningo we-molecular biology konke izinhlelo ophilayo, okuyinto ukugcina amaprotheni, nucleic acid (DNA ne-RNA). izinhlelo ezinjalo zihlanganisa prokaryotes, eukaryotes nama-virus.

Isimo samanje we-molecular biology ezingeni yentuthuko enkulu. Sesisitholile eziningi ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo wamaprotheni amangqamuzana, izakhiwo zawo kanye nemisebenzi yabo kule wezinto zokubasa. izinqubo obhaliwe we umbhalo kanye translation, ukufanisana ka molecule e-DNA eloba isimiso sezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa kule-molecular biology yesimanje akazange ngisho bacabange ukuyeka. Phela, kwacaca ukuthi, ukuhlukahluka amaprotheni okukhulu kangangokuthi kuyoba anele kokuhlaziya futhi ucwaningo laboratory has iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi.

microbiology

Ubelokhu ukutadisha owesincane izinhlelo ophilayo, asibonakali nqunu iso (amagciwane microfungi, microalgae, archaea). Ngenxa izimpumelelo umsebenzi izazi eziningi ezinkulu kwale sayensi wakwazi ukwandisa kude phambili.

Namuhla, imvelo webhaktheriya e izitshalo olukhethekile okuqinile izakhi abezindaba akuzona into eyingqayizivele. Thola isiko okumsulwa-bacterium - ngakho ukufinyelela ukuphathwa. Ngokwemvelo, kubaluleke kakhulu imithi futhi pharmaceutics. Leli yithuba ukuthola indlela yokusiza abantu bahlukane nazo nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi.

Yingakho imikhiqizo ucwaningo microbiological ezidume ngakho ku:

• imithi;
• ezolimo;
• okulungisa ukudla;
• uwoyela negesi ukucutshungulwa;
• umkhakha Metallurgical.

i-biotechnology

isayensi Young ukuthi emenza ngisho nezindlovu ezincane kakhulu futhi okuqhubekayo - zofuzo iseli zobunjiniyela. Ucwaningo futhi ithuthukisa ahlanzekile amasu kwezitshalo ukutshalwa, kanye ukudalwa ubuchwepheshe e viva futhi ngaphandle kwesibeletho, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa igciwane njengoba amandla ewusizo womuntu, ukudla, ezolimo abasizi, kanye nezinye izimboni.

Lokhu isayensi kuhlobene eduze microbiology, zingabantu kakhulu ezihlobene. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela ye-biotechnology - lawa izici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho esikhiqiza imithi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biotechnology inikeza impendulo zemibuzo ephathelene ukumelana izitshalo ukuze izinambuzane, zezemvelo.

Gene and Cell Engineering, esikhundleni salokho, futhi ukwenze kucace ukuthi ukutadisha biology njengoba isayensi. Futhi ngokusekelwe eziphilayo izinhlelo, kodwa lo msebenzi wabo kakade focus ikakhulukazi esisebenzayo mayelana umphumela, ngokuqinisekile umuntu ewusizo.

izindlela ukushumeka kuseli izakhi zofuzo angaphandle, ethwele ulwazi pre-oluya onjiniyela, ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ledzingekako izinga ephakeme nokunye okuningi (isibonelo, endabeni izitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo zivumela ukuthola isivuno ezimbili noma ezintathu isizini ngayinye).

zofuzo

Ingxenye olunzulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ukutadisha izindlela yefa, ngokuyisisekelo ukushintshashintsha, ifa, amaphethini ukusatshalaliswa futhi ukudluliswa kwe-izakhi zofuzo abazali enzalweni, kanye ukuhlonza chromosomal ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nemiphumela yabo ku eziphilayo izidalwa eziphilayo.

Ufuzo ihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka izinhlelo ophilayo, kusukela izinambuzane futhi kokuqeda ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ayisebenzi kuphela amagciwane namagciwane kanye izinjongo ukutadisha ingxenye ehlukile biology.

isikhala biology

Luqala ngokunikela 1930. Baningi ososayensi e-USA, France, eU.SSR Russian samanje wafaka iminyaka emsebenzini kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale, isayensi okuthakazelisayo ongaqondakali, isencane kakhulu, kodwa ethembisa kakhulu.

Injongo eyinhloko yawo isikhala biology ukusungula umehluko ukusebenza ophilayo eziphilayo eMhlabeni futhi okuphambene ngokuphelele - isikhala. Ngakho, isikhala biology - isayensi etadisha ukuziphatha izinguquko zangaphakathi, izitho zomzimba kanye morphology yezidalwa abahlala izimo ezishintshwe ambient - emkhathini.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezihlukanisa izimo ngendawo yonke emhlabeni, lokhu okulandelayo:

• nezinye naphakathi gaseous;
• weightlessness isikhala;
• ukushesha;
• ukuhamba elinganiselwe;
• vibration;
• cleaner;
• ngemisebe;
• izinguquko kazibuthe.

Isikhala biology uhlola ingabe lezi zici kulithinta kanjani ezintweni eziphilayo, owakhulela imvelo eMhlabeni, nokuthi Earthlings ukuphila kungenzeka kwamanye amaplanethi.

Isikhala biology - ngakhoke eziyinkimbinkimbi zesayensi, liqukethe izingxenye eziningana:

1. Isikhala Physiology.
2. Ekobiologiya.
3. Ekzofiziologiya.
4. Isikhala imithi.

biology Jikelele, Embryology

Isayensi ukuthi etadisha amazinga yenhlangano wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo futhi umsuka kancane kancane nokuthuthukiswa sayo yonke into ephilayo - lena biology ezivamile. Kulesi isayensi kuhlanganisa izihloko ezilandelayo:

• imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo;
• anthropology;
• paleontology.

Jikelele biology - isayensi ukuphila wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, lasungulwa nokuthuthukiswa ngokuhamba izigidi zeminyaka imisuka womuntu, ekubeni ukuthuthukiswa yayo emphakathini njengoba iyunithi begazi.

Inkambo eyinhloko biology jikelele sifundwa kuwo lwezifundo zesikole emakilasini abaphezulu.

Njengengxenye biology jikelele imele Embryology. Ubelokhu ukutadisha ukwakheka ikhishiwe-natal umphefumulo ngamunye ophilayo. Futhi, ekutadisheni embryologists baye babonisa ukufana nasebunyeni akubo bonke abahlala emhlabeni.

Cytology, Histology, organology

Cytology (elinye igama - biology yeselula) - isayensi etadisha isilwane, isitshalo, amaseli webhaktheriya, amagciwane, futhi amaseli fungal, isakhiwo, futhi umsebenzi imisebenzi ebalulekile yanoma yimuphi ophilayo amaseli, izinqubo zokuphila kuzo.

Noma yimuphi amaseli izinhlelo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi eukaryotic kunezelwa nezicubu. Futhi lokhu kungenye into cwaningo kwesigaba isayensi ebanzi yezinto eziphilayo - Histology. Nezitshalo nezilwane kwezicubu, ukwakheka zabo, interchangeability, kanye neminye imisebenzi - into ukutadisha Histology.

Ukuthi izitshalo ukuthi zakha izitho izicubu isilwane. Indlela le nqubo ithatha indawo, siyini isisekelo nokuthi bokuphila, morphological, futhi kwamakhemikhali izinqubo ephelezelwa efunda ngesayensi organology.

Ndawonye, bayingxenye wonke olulodwa. Ayavumelana ngokuqinile isayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Kuyinto isayensi ukuthi study konke. Ububanzi Ukuhlanganisa izinto ngaphansi cwaningo siyamangalisa.

Zoology, ezesayensi yezitshalo anatomy

School biology Yiqiniso kuhilela ekutadisheni izisekelo wesayensi ezifana kwezilwane ezesayensi yezitshalo kanye anatomy. Futhi kungokwemvelo. Phela biology kusekelwe lezi izigaba eziyinhloko.

Zoology uhlola ukwehluka, isakhiwo nokuziphatha izilwane, zonke abameleli emhlabeni isilwane, ezisukela owumphumela ziphethe ezincelisayo.

Sezitshalo ukutadisha ukuhlukahluka isitshalo eziphilayo, nemiphakathi yabo, izitho zomzimba kanye izimpawu zangaphandle, kanye nokusabalalisa imvelaphi.

Anatomy - isayensi isekelwe Ukutadisha Sakhiwo sangekhatsi zonke izinto eziphilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuyiphi ukuba indawo ethile yemvelo.

Inhlanganisela yalawo izigaba futhi ube biology. Lona isayensi ukuthi study zonke izici biomass kule planethi. Kuyathakazelisa, akunjalo?

Ngakho, kulula ukuphetha ngokuthi ukwehluka okungavamile yolwazi osisiza ukuba biology njengoba isayensi. Indima biology empilweni yomuntu yesimanje mkhulu ngendlela engachazeki futhi abalulekile, njengoba kufakazelwa nobukhulu nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ilungu layo Sciences.