Uhlelo Biological: okushiwo umqondo futhi main izici

uhlelo Biological - iqoqo izakhi ahlanganisiwe futhi ezincike ngayo kwezinye, ukwakha iyunithi elilodwa, imisebenzi ethize, kanye uxhumana imvelo noma ezinye izingxenye kanye nezinhlelo.

Izakhi eziyinhloko obusebenzayo izinhlelo ezingamagciwane amazinga ehlukene inhlangano kanye ngezigaba ezifanele. Lezi zihlanganisa kokubili molecule ngabanye kanye amaseli, izicubu kanye izitho, nezinto eziphilayo wonke, imiphakathi yabo ngisho ecosystem lonke. Zonke lezi zinto, eziqala izinga organismic, bayakwazi khona bebodwa, obumba amazinga okuhambisanayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuyinto ukubonakaliswa eliphezulu kakhulu Biosphere isikhundla.

Mangisho ukuthi uhlelo zonke eziphilayo, ngaphakathi spite of izakhi abamelwe ezahlukene, libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

• wenza umsebenzi ohambelana;
• it libhekene ubuqotho ezithile;
• Siqukethe subsystems ahlukene;
• uzivumelanisa nezimo, okuyinto izinguquko okuhambisanayo impendulo uma sichayeka ezahlukene kwemvelo;
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo begazi libhekene ukuzinza isihlobo kanye nekhono ukuthuthukisa, ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo izingxenye ezilimele kanye sokuvuselela okuphelele noma okuyingxenye futhi okuzivuselela.

Kuqhathaniswa uhlelo eyohlobo begazi iyona ezingeni yenhlangano labaphilayo, esibonakala by uhlobo ukuxhumana elihambisana izakhi kanye ngekwendzawo nezesikhasana nenqubo izinqubo ezenzeka kuwo.

Umqondo ezahlukene amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo ndaba yathi chithi saka kuleli nekhulu lama-20. Luhilela kwamangqamuzana wakho konke ukuphila emhlabeni ku ngamaqembu ahlukene ngokuqhubekayo futhi oxhumene kwesakhiwo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo begazi elinesimo isimiso phezulu - amazinga ehlukene inhlangano yakha iphiramidi othize, lapho lizinga ngalinye kwesakhiwo olandelayo, kodwa ibencono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amazinga lenhlangano uxhumana kanye nethonya nomunye.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, basungula systematics yemvelo - isiyalo ogama umgomo ukuthuthukisa izimiso ezithile ngokuhlelwa ngezigaba sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo engasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni eziphilayo.

Kuze kube manje, Ukwahlukaniswa izitshalo nezilwane Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso oshiwo ngenhla of wokwehlayo: abanye abantu - izinhlobo ehlangana izizukulwane - umndeni - ukuze noma ihlukane - amakilasi ukuthi yakha izigaba abafanele, - izinhlobo ayingxenye imibuso. Ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo esithile noma isilwane kufanele zisebenze kusinye eziyisikhombisa ngezigaba.

Umqondo entsha igama elithi "superkingdom" noma isizinda begazi. Yena njalo yezinto eziphilayo noma yomthetho libhekwa futhi ku superkingdom eukaryotes, amagciwane kanye archaea.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo begazi inesimiso ezithile: eziphilayo kukhona bodwa nje kuphela kodwa futhi nge imvelo, kuphumele exchange jikelele amandla, isikhundla, udaba nolwazi. Life ngaphandle Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo akunakwenzeka.