Rogozhskaya Sloboda: amathempeli, isithombe, kanjani lapho?

Ucabanga ukuthi Amakholwa Old eRussia kungatholakala kuphela esifundeni esise-Ural? Lutho neze! Azijwayeze ukuphila wezinzalamizi Old Amakholwa 'kungaba ilungelo eMoscow. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya Rogozhsky likaPondo. Kwasukasukela lalibhekwa likaPondo. Ngo 1783 khona yasungulwa isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando, enamagama aqoshiwe: ". Ukuze eMoscow - mabili" Kodwa manje Rogozhskaya Sloboda - cishe maphakathi nedolobha. Kanjani ukuze baye khona? Yini okudingeka ukubona ukucwilisa ngokuphelele emkhathini Old Amakholwa popovtsev? Yiziphi amasonto kuwufanele ngokuvakashela? Lokhu uzokutshela athikili yethu. Kodwa okokuqala kutjelwa umlando le ndawo. Kuhle ezithakazelisayo.

Posad coachmen

E-Moscow, njengasezulwini imuphi omunye umuzi, nebantfu besive umsebenzi ofanayo, ayethanda ukuba axazulule eduze komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, kukhona igama lomgwaqo we "workshop": Myasnitskaya, uMbumbi, nokunye. Ekupheleni ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha kwakukhona umsebenzi omusha eRussia - umshayeli. Ekuqaleni, laba bantu wathatha imeyli lelitimele, izithunywa kwakunamandla kangakanani, kodwa nge "imoto" ayo. Kamuva, abashayeli waqala ukusingatha enye "umshayeli wetekisi", ekuletheni wezimpahla abagibeli ezindaweni ezihlukene.

Ngokushesha ziba ziningi kakhulu ukuthi bahlukene on nemizila. Labo ezikhethekile uhambo ezivela eMoscow maqondana edolobhaneni elidala Rogozhsky imigodi, sehlela emngceleni emaphethelweni itshe elimhlophe, eduze abantu target ezokuthutha kanye wezimpahla. Lawa kwakungamadodana ezizungeze Androniha emzaneni ngebhange kwesokunxele Yauza. Kamuva Old Rogozhsky imigodi baba idolobha Bogorodskoye, okuyinto kwamaSoviet iqanjwe kabusha Noginsk. A Rogozhskaya zokuhlala kuhlale coachmen ukukhonza kulesi siqondiso ayikashintshi igama layo. Kodwa inkazimulo "ezweni elingcwele" ukuba uhlale.

Maphakathi yezihambi ubudala

Kwaphela isikhathi eside nayo yonke imizi ngisho nedlelo babe izindonga. Phakathi kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili eMoscow ziboshwe omkhulu Izingxoxo-Collegiate shaft, asinikeze amamayela 32. It lethiwa yokuthi esangweni kwaba kwenzelwa amasango ahlukahlukene. Bagijima imali izimpahla amazwe. Ngineminyaka engu ophethe leli Collegium imali isimo, okuyinto seyakhe kushaft. Futhi ihlolwe lo mugqa izinqaba Rogozhskaya zokuhlala. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye isidingo izindonga eziphakeme eziyisivikelo wanyamalala. At the site kwendawo endala ezindaweni Kwamiswa, eyayiqhutshwa ngezinsuku ezahlukene SMME kanye nezimakethe.

Ethandwa kakhulu ukuyothenga indawo baba Rogozhskaya isiphetho, bemi phezu ipheshana enkulu uVladimir. Ukuze ufike ngesikhathi ukujabulisa, abathengisi wafika ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lapho funa lapho futhi sipho. Sloboda ubelokhu uyakhile yezihambi, in parlance zanamuhla, amamotheli, lapho abathengisi weza ukuthwala abantu, ngaphandle bangena emzini. amakhaya Ngokushesha yamschitsky ngokushesha saphela. Bekanye Gostiny Dvor futhi isitoreji izindawo, kwakukhona izindlu abathengisi amahle '.

Old Amakholwa

Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi kusukela ngekhulu nesikhombisa, okungukuthi, cishe kusukela ekudalweni Rogozhskaya nemizana, ke baqala ukuhlala abantu laxoshwa Russian wezinzalamizi Church. Old Amakholwa popovtsy kubhekwe inkolo ukuhlubuka entsha futhi banamathela endleleni yabo yokuphila. It ziwumthwalo ukuphila izibazi. Rogozhskaya zokuhlala ezindala, okuyinto isithombe cishe zazifile, kwaba ezweni avaliwe, a ngokuphelele ngokungafani lonke eMoscow.

Yena wahlukana inhlokodolobha emfuleni Yauza. Along eside ezitaladini ngqo babe endlini itshe ezimbili storey esisekelweni esiphakeme. ngesango elihluthulelwayo, abedlula ngendlela ezingavamile - konke lokhu njengoba hhayi ngokuvumelana ukubila okusheshayo wokuphila e Moscow ... ngaba lapha isikhathi eside akazange ayeke. Imishado kwamakholwa kuphela. Ngo 1790 kwakukhona izinkulungwane 20 besonto Church Old Amakholwa ', futhi ngo-1825 - kakade ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili.

Esisha Umlando zokuhlala

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kule ndawo kwaba uhlobo ukubhuka. Buka ku amasonto Old Engakholwa, kwafika emathuneni kwamathuna Bishops futhi endaweni yokungcwaba le Morozov nezinye amakhosi Muscovites zivela kwezinye izindawo edolobheni. Nokho, kancane kancane, imimoya ushintsho nawo Rogozhskaya zokuhlala. Nizhny Novgorod Yakhiwa ujantshi asiqeda egcwele ezingenanzuzo yamschitsky esithwele.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside e Rogozhskaya isiphetho kwaba esiteji (esemzileni ejele). Kusuka lapha wagwetshelwa ekudingisweni. Bakhandwa zikleliswe imigqa - iziboshwa sokuqala nge amakhanda aphuce nasemlenzeni ezinsimbini ke nakulabo abangakwesobunxele sayo zazizinkulungwane isandla ngozankosi kuphela, ngemuva - izifiki elula. Thina wenyusa izinqola misa, lapho sagibela nawomkabo nabantwana, ongowabathunjwa, kanye neziguli.

Ngo-1896-ke ezaqedwa esiteshini on mat. Umugqa zinwetshwe eKursk sesitimela. Ikakhulukazi isiphetho zashintsha lapho kufika amandla Soviet. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela ezitaladini aqanjwa igama. amathempeli amaningi kwabhujiswa, futhi abantu abasha baqala ukuhlala emigwaqweni. Kodwa namanje qwembe wezinzalamizi elikhona endaweni eMoscow.

amathempeli

Okokuqala isonto Old Engakholwa lapha elimiswe ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa. It senziwa ngokhuni lanikezelwa behlonipha Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa - In 1776, kwethempeli lesibili ngo Rogozhskaya isiphetho lakhiwa bathengisi. scandal Big Kwagqashuka nineties kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Khona-ke, bangakunaki Old Engakholwa umphakathi wezakhiwo Matvei Kozakov sonto lakhiwa ngo-yokudumisa lokulabhela UnguNina KaNkulunkulu. Wayengumuntu hhayi kuphela amathempeli enhle kakhulu lapho indoda iyikhanda khona iSonto, kodwa ngaphezulu kubo. Ngobukhulu ke singcono kakhulu ngisho kweNyuka Cathedral eMoscow Kremlin. It abefundisi Haunted yesonto enkulu, ngubani wakhononda uCatherine II ku abasiphikisayo. Futhi ngemiyalo yezikhulu Cathedral iNdlovukazi St Basil sika "mfushane". altare projection yawa, futhi cupolas ezinhlanu Dome Old Amakholwa bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka eyodwa kuphela. Kamuva, lamiswao eduze ebusika (evuthayo) Church of kukaJesu, yakhelwe isitayela mbumbulu Gothic.

Amangcwaba nakwezinye izindawo abalulekile Rogozhskaya isiphetho

Ngo 1771, eMoscow umboze isifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emthethweni amagugu kusukela iziphathimandla imvume yokwakha emathuneni lapho babengathola bangcwabe izikhonzi abakanye nawo ayebulawa yilolu bhubhane. Indawo ekhethiwe eduze uVladimir Highway. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakunokwenzeka ukubona Obelisk ku ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu zezisulu kwalolubhubhane. Kodwa uma isishayo esebohlile, emathuneni laqhubeka landa nge amathuna amasha. Rich Old Engakholwa izizukulwane esakhiwe lapha yabo amathuna omndeni. Ngesikhathi emathuneni, usengayibona amathuna nezimboni kanye abathengisi Morozov, Rakhmanov, Soldatenkovs, Ryabushinskys, shelaputin nabanye.

izindawo zomphakathi nazo esakhiwe nezinye izikhungo ebaluleke: emabhalekisini, induna esibhedlela Kuvezwe ngesikhathi Igagasi ovuthayo. Manje kuba yamazinyo. Eduze emathuneni kwakukhona indlwana sokhuni e 1776 salandelwa isonto kwetshe Emaphethelweni Rogozhskaya ovuthayo ikhumbule Saint Nicholas. Yayisekelwe iphrinta ngokunyathelisa izincwadi Old Amakholwa, ezibhedlela, ezintandaneni, sikhungo uthisha sika. Esikhathini yokugcina ozongitshela Bulgakov, A. Kizavetter, Prince Trubetskoi.

Ensemble emlandweni futhi yokwakha

Musa, ngaphansi Ekaterina II, eholwa ngu-Alexander the Okokuqala Old Amakholwa abawaxoshanga. Yingakho eMoscow Rogozhskaya isiphetho wakhula namathempeli ahlotshiswa. Isonto eledlule elalakhiwe khona (Saint Nicholas), kwaba ihlala "Ukholo Evamile." Lokhu kusho ukuthi abapristi neyaziwayo Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia YaseMoscow Sabefundisi, zikhona izimfundiso, kodwa ngokuvumelana imicikilisho lasendulo kanye nezincwadi.

Lokhu ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo esizeni yesonto yekhulu le-18 e isitayela WaseByzantium-Russian. Manje ibandla St Nicholas - kuphela e Moscow, uyakwazi ukuthandaza zonke Orthodox. Ngo-1995, uhulumeni eMoscow yokutholwa isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa Rogozhskaya zokuhlala of Ensemble emlandweni futhi yokwakha. Umnyombo ndawo kwamasiko lalizoba indawo Gusev.

Ngeshwa, uhlelo wokubuyiselwa ezinye izikhumbuzo sahoxiswa ngo-2011. Nokho, u-Alexis Temple e Rogozhskaya isiphetho, Uvuko isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, Cathedral St Basil kanye emathuneni Church of kukaJesu, futhi wonke umgwaqo wase Rogozhsky emzaneni sekuthiwe nakumasiko.

Ithempeli Alexy, Metropolitan eMoscow, ku Emaphethelweni Rogozhskaya

Isakhiwo sokuqala engcwele kule sayithi kwaba isonto elincane lokhuni elakhiwa ngo 1625. Kuyinto agugile ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili salandelwa wokwakha izitini. Besonto kubhekwe ukuba kuhlalwe isitayela isonto. izimali ezaphakama, futhi phakathi nekhulu le-18, litholakala a look zanamuhla.

Dmitry Ukhtomsky isakhiwo elaklanywa isitayela yezakhiwo ngasekupheleni Baroque kuye. Ibandla abazinikele e egameni St Alexis, Metropolitan eMoscow. Lokhu saint okwakudliwa ekhulwini nantathu futhi kubhekwe umenzi wezimangaliso e sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia. Metropolitan ukuthi abagcotshwa phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

I izinsalela saint zazigcinwa bahlonipha emasontweni ahlukahlukene eMoscow. Kusukela ngo-1947, zingabantu Elohovskom Epiphany Cathedral. A ithempeli Alexis Rogozhskaya isiphetho wabelane isiphetho izakhiwo eziningi engcwele post-wamavukelambuso Russia. Ngo-1929, ishede kanye ukulungisa nokwakhiwa ukukhiqizwa workshop iye yahlela lapha. Ukubuyisela ebandla aqala kuphela ngeminyaka yawo-1990.

Yini kwaba nalokho manje ubukeka Alexis Ithempeli

Old Amakholwa avuleka ncwadi isithonjana noma ukuthenga isithombe vintage nomhlatshelo emasontweni abo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi phambi kwebandla inguquko ka Saint Metropolitan eMoscow ngo Rogozhskaya isiphetho kwaba Museum yangempela. Kwagcina isithonjana Novgorod nezinye abaculi abadumile, abaye nithandana ubudala 15-16.

Engxenyeni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yesibili, ingaphakathi isonto kulekelelwa yi-lovely izindonga painted. Ngemva inguquko, kulahleke plate sesonto. Ithempeli labhujiswa, futhi kusukela insimbi yayo umbhoshongo manje walondoloza eziyizitezi ezimbili kuphela. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi olwenziwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela esontweni. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu kwabuyiselwa ngo-2012. Umsebenzi sekuqaliwe manje ku nokubuyiselwa olungaphambili lwesonto main nendawo yokudlela ongaphandle.

yokukhulekela

The Church of St Alexis e Rogozhskaya isiphetho isendaweni ekhoneni Minor Alexis futhi Nikoloyamskaya ezitaladini. Wakhe kalula ngasezindongeni obomvu nomhlophe kanye ikhanda legolide yelihhovisi abuyiselwe isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Okwamanje, isonto kuthiwa wenziwa ethempelini Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

umsebenzi okuqhubekayo sokubuyiselwa kungaphazamisi izinkonzo ukuziphatha. NgeMigqibelo futhi ngamaSonto at 10.00 yabamba ezinkonzweni. Ngemva ke, emini, umthandazo senziwa kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe. amasevisi Umthandazo ngamaholide enkolo. Lapha kufike abesifazane abafisa ukuba babe nezingane. I molebens isonto "ngesipho izingane" isakhiwo. idili Patronal we Alexy ibandla eMoscow ngo Rogozhskaya settlement kukhona: Februwari 25 (okusha Style), Mashi 27, ngoMeyi 22, ngo-June 2, 11 no-29 Agasti, ku 19 Disemba.

Cathedral St Basil sika

kakade Sishilo esontweni, okuyinto ngobukhulu futhi umhlobiso wayemude futhi acebile amasonto Kremlin. Ngesikhathi lapho iziphathimandla wayemthanda Amakholwa Old, it is nje "mfushane" ngokwenza ngezansi imitha kusukela kweNyuka Cathedral. Kodwa ngisho Lesonto enjalo lokulabhela Virgin ku Rogozhskoe emathuneni wasala izinkolo yobuKristu main eRussia.

Ehlobo lika-1856, Metropolitan of moskovskiy Filaret ezenziwe ama-altare amasonto Old Engakholwa enhloko-dolobha niye naphawulelwa. Kuphela nekuhlelwa kabusha ka 1905, inkululeko wamemezela wenkolo, amasonto wabuya popovtsev umphakathi. Yokudumisa isonto ama-altare raspechataniya yayakhiwe, umbhoshongo insimbi Vuko.

Ngemva inguquko Pokrovsky Cathedral wafuna ukuvala, kodwa kwaba cishe isonto kuphela eMoscow, zaqhubeka zikhona njengoba ithempeli. Lokhu kwenzeke ngokwengxenye ngenxa isakhiwo yakhiwa kuleli isitayela classic, singafani isakhiwo engcwele. a cupola olulodwa ophahleni esontweni kuphela owamkhaphelayo.

Kodwa embhoshongweni wesonto-isikhencezo Uvuko yavalwa ngo-1930. Kufanele sinake olungaphambili lwesonto yayo. It lihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yezinyoni wasenganekwaneni IPharadesi - yaseSiriya, Humayun futhi Alkonost. Kuvaliwe Bandla Ukuvuswa Kristu ame isikhathi eside. It, baphinde bayingenela inkonzo ngo-1947.

Church of Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Lelibandla, usayizi noma nesizotha more, kodwa umhlobiso, ukuqoqwa izambatho nezimpawu lasendulo akuyona wawungaphansi Pokrovsky Cathedral. Kuthiwa lapho Napoleon wafika eMoscow, umpristi ethempelini Sergiy Radonezhskogo ngaphambilini ukungcwaba plate sesonto eziyigugu emathuneni. Invaders wabuye wathi umhlaba asanda kumbiwa Kayisilutho ngaphandle kwamathuna abafileyo isifo. The French babesaba ukuhlola ukuthi kuyiqiniso noma cha.

Ngaphambi inguquko esontweni yayaziwa yakhe emangalisayo ngoma abayizimpumputhe. Kodwa lokho akuzange kwenze ukwenza isiFulentshi, uzibophezele lumpen wendawo. Ngo-1922 isonto liye lasuswa kusukela amakhilogremu angaphezu kwayisihlanu yamanani esiliva. Iqiniso lokuthi bakhona ayikwazanga ukweba, usike ngezimbazo washiswa esigxotsheni. imifanekiso Ngakho abaningi ubudala namanothi izimpumputhe nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada. Isakhiwo sesonto izitolo esiphansi sasihlala izisebenzi USB. Liyakushintsha umonakalo owengeziwe isakhiwo.

ngo-1985 kuphela wayiswa Museum of Ancient Russian Namasiko. Andrei Rublev. Ukwenza nokuchaza imifanekiso ebandleni imisebenzi sokubuyiselwa Kwakuseshwa. Kusukela ngo-1991, Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ungumnikazi iSonto St uSergiyu ka Radonezh e Rogozhskaya zokuhlala. Isheduli Izikhungo kube lula. Izimfundiso nsuku zonke at 8:00, ngaphandle ngeMisombuluko.

Ingabe kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukukhulekela e Cathedral Old Amakholwa 'we lokulabhela Virgin. Phakathi neviki Inkonzo at 7:30 futhi 15:30. Ngobusuku obandulela ngamaholide, wakhonza 14:00. NgoMgqibelo ekuseni Inkonzo luqala ekushoneni eziyisikhombisa, nangamaSonto futhi uyahamba - lapho kugamanxa ihora.

Rogozhskaya Emaphethelweni: kanjani lapho

emzaneni Old Amakholwa 'itholakala ephakathi iziteshi kaMasipala "Aviamotor", "Roman", "kaMarx" futhi "Taganskaya". Hamba indlela emfushane kusukela ezimbili izitobhi lokuqala ongaphansi komhlaba. Kusukela nezinye iziteshi ezokuthutha pubic. Ngakho, kusukela "kaMarx" ongafinyelela Rogozhskaya Emaphethelweni ibhasi imizila 51 169. Kusukela "Taganskaya" metro station Ply trolleybuses №№ 26 63 16 Ukuze ufunde mayelana nokukhokha komnikazi ukuphila Rogozhskaya okufanele uhambe ukumisa " 'emgwaqweni' Old Amakholwa ( wangaphambili Voytovych).

Kumele ukuthi emzaneni akuyona amathempeli ezithakazelisayo kuphela. Lapha usebenza ekhishini yokudlela Old Amakholwa, amabhentshi isonto, workshop Folk zokubhukuda, zezingane nangeSonto ezikoleni zenkolo omdala.