Isonto Old Amakholwa '- into luyingxenye isiRashiya, okubangelwa ukuhlukana leSonto Lobu-Orthodox, owenzeka ngo-engxenyeni ekhulwini XVII yesibili. It zingakhiqiza insiza-kufundisa ukuze ingxoxo ngesihloko esithi "Ubunikazi nomlando" lapho intando eyodwa wokuvelela, bekuyoba manje ebizwa nge- "waseNtshonalanga" ngokholo feuds wezwe olunegazi zenziwa ukuze uhlale njalo. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi waqaphela ukuthi akukho ingxenye okuqhubekayo ekhethekile, kanye nezidingo, kwekuhlela kabusha of Nikon yayingekho, futhi isicelo okuningi umonakalo.
Imbangela
Isonto Old Amakholwa 'uqobo, konke lihlotshaniswa ke, lisho ezishaqisayo, "black" amakhasi omlando Russian. Umuntu namuhla Kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ngenxa izinguquko ezithile endleleni esenza imicikilisho yokushiswa emizaneni, abantu bebulawa indlala futhi ekhaphela wafela ukholo. AmaKristu obu-Orthodox wabulala nomunye nonya kakhulu. Inqobo nje inzalamizi Nikon akazange, wayengumuntu, kunalokho, yazishaya uthanda abanomqondo ofanayo amalungu "Mug abashisekeli", okwakubekelwa eliholwa umambuli yenkosi Stefan Vonifatev. Kulesi inhlangano, sashumayela umbono ukuthi singobani yenkolelo Russian. Lalihlanganisa futhi avvakum Petrov no-Ivan Neronov, okuyinto kamuva Nikon abaxoshe ekudingisweni, lapho bebehlala khona: ukholo.
Ababezishaya abalungile
Ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu, wamukelwe kahle ekuqaleni umbhishobhi omkhulu omusha e yedwa kwesokudla, umphakathi ukuthi bahlukana baba izigaba ezimbili, enye yazo ibe Nikon ukuphikiswa asebenzayo (ngakho Solovetsky Monastery Tsarevo ebutho elihlaselayo iminyaka 8). Lokhu kwenqatshwa yenzalamizi abayekanga, wabhalisa ngokomthetho kwekuhlela kabusha yakhe ukubiza eMoscow Cathedral ngo-1954, lapho kuvunyelwa awamukela. Ukungavumelani yabonisa umbhishobhi eyodwa kuphela - Paul Koloiensky. Old Engakholwa Church (omunye nezitha amagama kabusha) enikeziwe ngaphandle yomthetho. Nikon akagcinanga - waphenduka usizo Constantinopolitan Umbhishobhi omkhulu, okuyinto 1655 futhi wathola imvume. Naphezu kwakho konke ukushushiswa, kwaba ukumelana ezikhulayo emphakathini, futhi ngo-1685 ezingeni wombuso, iPrincess UZandile isikhiphe isimemezelo ngokubeka Outlaw we Amakholwa Old. Waqala ushushiso olunegazi, okuyinto baqhubeka phakathi nokubusa Nicholas I.
Inkosi Smart umkhululi
Futhi kuphela eholwa ngu-Alexander II ukuhlukunyezwa oshisekayo kumisiwe. Ngenxa inkosi wakhipha "Regulation" Old Amakholwa Church wavunyelwa ngokomthetho. abalandeli bakhe bakwazi hhayi kuphela ukuthumela service, kodwa futhi ukuvula isikole, ukuya phesheya futhi ukubamba ihhovisi likahulumeni omkhulu. Kodwa kuphela ngo-1971, ibandla esemthethweni Russia neyaziwayo wrongness Imikhandlu ngo-1656 futhi 1667, lapho i-Old Amakholwa kwakuzondeka. Umqondo oyinhloko, okuyinto wawuqondiswa Nikon, ukwenza Isonto Russian ihlangabezana umoya izikhathi, okungukuthi, ukuba zingeniswe kutfotjelwa esiGrekini. Wayecabanga ukuthi, ngale ndlela, Russia organically angena amazwe athuthukile yeYurophu. Laba bantu bekhona eRussia njalo. Baye babangela futhi zibangele okuningi umonakalo kubambana nelive letfu lokufanako, ukudweba ezweni layo entshonalanga.
labo abanamathela okholweni
Ngenxa yalokho eminyaka kokushushiswa Russian Old Amakholwa Church ngokwendawo etholakala enyakatho-European eRussia, lapho manje nomthelela ngempela kakhulu. Ezweni lethu, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-2 million Old Amakholwa. Lena inombolo olubabazeka kakhulu ukuthi idlula abanye abameleli bezinye izinkolo abahlala eRussia. Iqiniso lokuthi ezindabeni zokholo liyadingeka ukubekezelelana - iqiniso. Ngo okholweni lwamalungu kulesi siqondiso zenkolo iphuzu alikho maniacal ukuzinikela imikhosi egujwayo, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox Old Amakholwa 'uyazicabangela ngokwayo owalandela nowukuphela Russian Church, okuyinto yayikhona ngaphambi ukwethulwa "Nikon Izindaba". Ngakho-ke, abalandeli bayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ngo Naphezu kokushushiswa esabekayo, walivikela okholweni, kanjalo walondoloza futhi wasinda kulezi zimo izakhi elingenakuqhathaniswa Old isiko Russian njengoba izinto, imibhalo yesandla ubudala, imifanekiso, amasiko, ukucula, izinkondlo ngokomoya futhi isiko ngamazwi. ungqimba lonke isiko Russian.
Inkathi nokuzitika
Kuzo zombili izihloko ngemva Russia iphula ezikhungweni zenkolo evulekile Old Amakholwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nhlangano ngokwayo izinhlobonhlobo eziningi - futhi bespopovtsy popovtsy, nakho kuthiwa selihlukene for ezinye izinhlobo zawo. Nokho, iphupho oyinhloko iningi Amakholwa Old babethanda ibe umbhishobhi yabo. It lenziwa latholakala kuphela emva 1846, kusukela ukugcotshwa Old Amakholwa LamaGreki Metropolitan Bishops Ambrose. Kwasekusithi bonke White Krynica. Simelele emzaneni Kwaphakama okuthiwa Belokrinitskaya esigaba sabefundisi, okungukufa yesimanje Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia Elidala-Rite Church.
Ithempeli eliyinhloko
Ensimini ka-Russia, isonto esemqoka yalolu ihlelo (uhlobo inkolo noma inhlangano yenkolo) kuyinto Cathedral of the intercession (Rogozhsky kwindlela 29). Lona esontweni esemqoka ye Amakholwa Old eMoscow. Umlando yomsuka sihlehlela emuva isifo (1771), lapho eziphoqelelwe emathuneni ngaphandle komuzi. Ukuze Collegiate Chamber of kushaft kwakheka Old Amakholwa emathuneni, futhi kamuva kwaba khona isiphetho, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 ekwenza umphakathi ocebile idinga isonto lalo, wayala wonke umsebenzi wokwakha ngokwayo Matvey Kazakov. Old Amakholwa baye wavuleka kabanzi, kodwa ngenxa yezenzo eziphikisanayo Metropolitan Gabriel esikhundleni elikhulu esontweni emihlanu oluyingungu wavunyelwa ukwakha oluyingungu kwehle futhi ukuphakama kwebhilidi. Kodwa Russian Old Amakholwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox kuphela ngo-1905, ngo-Ephreli wathola nethempeli lalo, njengoba e-1856, Olahlwe Metropolitan Filaret phezu esicabheni sesonto Rogozhskoe emathuneni kwatywinwa ishumi. Kuvulwa ithempeli ngo-1905, i-Amakholwa Old njengomkhosi iholide ekhethekile.
izikhathi ezintsha
ERussia, eziningi ngezakhiwo zamasonto ukuthi ihlelo. Ngakho, nguye kuphela esifundeni Moscow afika ku-40, inani elifanayo futhi inhloko-dolobha uqobo. Russian Old Amakholwa eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox has izindlu ayo yokukhulekela nezindawo zokukhulekela cishe zonke izifunda eMoscow. Ubala kubo ayatholakala kabanzi. UMphathi wamanje eMoscow All Russia Cornelius kungabonakali yakha ubuhlobo bayo nebandla esemthethweni, kanye neziphathimandla, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi wahlangana noMongameli wezwe. V. Putinym. Main Church of Old Amakholwa esontweni eMoscow Pokrovsky yilona lombhishobhi kanye yokuhlala Umbhishobhi uKorneliyu. Enye igama lelibandla - Summer-Church of the lokulabhela Virgin oNgcwele. Kuningi ngapha nangapha amasonto amancane we Amakholwa Old abashiwo wokudumisa iNcasakazi oNgcwele, ngoba uyisihlobo wasemuva yabo eyinhloko nomvikeli. Le phrojekthi abathintekayo usayizi ethempelini, beyizidlova kweNyuka Cathedral of the Kremlin. Ama-oda we uCatherine II, baye ukushintshwa. isonto Rogozhskaya Old Engakholwa itholakala endaweni efanayo mlando eMoscow, eyaziwa ngokuthi okuthiwa iem Rogozhskaya isiphetho esavela ku ibhange kwesokunxele we River Yauza, eduze nedolobhana Androhina ekhulwini XVI. Ithempeli lokuqala izinkuni umsuka lapha ekhulwini XVII, futhi 1776 kwakuvele esakhiwe Engakholwa abathengisi Old lapha esontweni lami kwaqala eMoscow (Nikolaya Chudotvortsa), bese M. Kazakov eyakhelwe Pokrovsky ethempelini.
Old Amakholwa Church Petersburg
It has izindawo ayo yokukhulekela futhi drevnepravoslavie Petersburg. isonto Old Amakholwa 'endala eNorthern dolobha Ligovskaia umphakathi esisogwini kwindlela ezokuthutha. Ithempeli, eyakhelwe iphrojekthi ekhethekile wezakhiwo P. P. Pavlová, lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amabili nje, kodwa livulekele abantu besonto ngokushesha emva kwempi, masinyane ivaliwe. Savuka futhi yabhaliswa Ministry of Justice ngo-2004, Ligovski Old Engakholwa umphakathi wathola emuva ithempeli ngo-2005. Ngaphezu St yakhe Petersburg has izikhungo 7 ngaphezulu zenkolo Orthodox lasendulo Church of Christ.