Article 171 of Criminal Code: ibhizinisi emthethweni

Namuhla abantu abaningi sebeqala ukuba bahlanganyele kunoma yiluphi ibhizinisi, ezinkulu noma cha. Ngaphambi kokuqala zokukhiqiza ayo noma amasevisi, kumele ubhalise nge iziphathimandla zentela njengenkolo esemthethweni noma usomabhizinisi.

Nokho, akubona bonke, ngilangazelela ukufika kuzuze okwabo, uyidlule le nqubo. Ngakho, lapha sikhuluma ibhizinisi emthethweni, okuyiwona umnikazi kokubili isibopho sezomthetho zokuphatha kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu.

On umthetho

Criminal Code kubhekwa ukuqaliswa ibhizinisi ngaphandle ukubhaliswa noma ngaphandle kwelayisensi. Ngakho, uma usomabhizinisi isiyi-ejenti intela, kodwa usebenza ngaphandle imvume ekhethekile, ibuye jezisa ngokomthetho (sihloko 171 we Criminal Code).

Izinhlobo ibhizinisi, okuyinto nakanjani kudingeka ilayisensi ebekwe umthetho obukhethekile yokutholwa kule ndaba. Ngokwesibonelo, imvume ekhethekile edingekayo ukuziphatha imisebenzi yasebhange, ukuqaliswa inzuzo fuel kanye zokugcoba nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo namabhizinisi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe emakethe kusukela ibhizinisi abangathembekile njengamathuluzi abalulekile umsebenzi ilayisense kuhilela ukulawula ekhethekile phezu imisebenzi lezi amabhizinisi.

sokwephulwa kwe

Ngakho, uma isakhamuzi uye wanquma ukuqala ibhizinisi (umsebenzi, okusho ehlelekile ukuthola imali), kumele zibhaliswe ne abezentela indawo ibhizinisi kanye / noma ukuthola ilayisensi.

Kuleso simo, uma kunqunywa ukuthi akekho omunye futhi lo omunye akumelwe, umsebenzi uwela ngaphansi incazelo equkethe sihloko 171 we Criminal Code - ibhizinisi emthethweni. Kuye zingaki abantu Kwakuhileleke nokuthi margin inzuzo isivele iphethwe kukhishwe isigwebo usomabhizinisi lusetshenziswa.

Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso: sihloko 171, ingxenye 1 we Criminal Code.

Ingxenye 1 of the isikhundla uthi uma umsebenzi onjalo ngokuqinile kuhilelani yacekeleka noma ehambisana ukuthola iholo ngemali ezinjalo, kungase izinhlawulo ezilandelayo isicelo:

- inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 300;..

- edingekayo operation amahora 480;

- ukuboshwa izinyanga kuze kufinyelele 6.

ingxenye 2

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-athikili 171 we Criminal Code siphinde sihlinzekele nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa ieala obenziwa abantu abaningana ohlelweni predetermined noma cha, kodwa umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Isijeziso lolu hlobo umsebenzi ngendlela elandelayo:

- inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 500;..

- ophoqelelwe babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe 5;

- ejele kuze iminyaka 5 nge esihle ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 80 ..

Lezi unswinyo iqukethe sihloko 171, ingxenye 2 we Criminal Code.

ukulungiswa

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi noma yikuphi okwenziwayo ihlobene ukuthola imali unomphela, ngisho noma umuntu icala wakwazi ukwenza kuthengiselana esisodwa kuphela emthethweni. Nokho, Article 171 of Criminal Code kumagazini omusha enikeziwe yokukhululeka necala lobugebengu, noma loko koniwa izimisele okokuqala, isakhamuzi ayinakho nerekhodi lobugebengu, futhi wenze ukulungiswa ngoba zonke yomonakalo noma ngokuzithandela ikhokhwe imali esimweni.

Izinguquko abathintekayo izihloko eziningana, kodwa yini ekhathaza yokukhululwa, wanakekela ubugebengu ukwakheka elula, ngaphandle owayephethe izimo (ezifana sihloko 171, h. 1 we Criminal Code).

Mayelana kube sezingeni ukulimala noma inzuzo kungashiwo ukuthi ukulawula kuyakuba lemali ukuthi usomabhizinisi lithole. Lokhu kuhlanganisa labo izindleko angene kuzona lo somabhizinisi ku inhlangano yebhizinisi.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma umnikazi we-likaphethiloli yasizwa ethile, bese uphethiloli othengiwe ikhokhwe abasebenzi amaholo, inombolo abalwa wezezimali ukuze lasebhange ukuthengiselana.

ukudla

Ngaphezu bugebengu okuyilo ezishiwo yiSigaba 171 we Criminal Code (ibhizinisi emthethweni), ikakhulukazi osomabhizinisi 'eziphambili "azigcini nje lapho. Okungukuthi, kunolunye uhlobo lwebhizinisi emthethweni, lapho inhlangano ebhaliswe noma unelayisensi, kodwa kukhona izinkinga kanye izimpahla.

Article 171,1 we Criminal Code lisho ngokucacile ukuthi uma umuntu osemthethweni noma yemvelo (akunandaba) uyisa, othenga noma uthola nezitolo, noma athengise izimpahla ngaphandle kokuphawula, kubhekwa ubugebengu.

Njengoba eminye imisebenzi kuncike amalayisense, futhi ezidayiswayo eziningi angaphansi isitifiketi kanye kophawu ekhethekile.

Endaweni ehlukile, cishe ukudla revolution, utshwala nogwayi imikhiqizo ezishiwo Article 171,1, izingxenye 3-6.

Kuleso simo, uma usomabhizinisi enza emakethe umkhiqizo ngaphandle ulwazi oludingekayo ku umkhiqizo noma cha ukuze bethela isijeziso kuyoba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. usayizi elikhulu:

- inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 400;..

- ophoqelelwe imisebenzi zabasebenzi kuze iminyaka 3;

. - udilikajele neminyaka engu-3 kanye esihle kuze kube ayizinkulungwane 80 Hlikihla;.

2. osayizi enkulu ikakhulukazi:

- inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 700;..

- ophoqelelwe babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe 5;

- lapho kuzohanjiswa khona isilinganiso izifo kuleli koloni kuze iminyaka 6 nge esihle ruble engafinyelela kwengu-1 million.

Esikhathini Ikhodi, e amanothi isihloko 171,1, inikezwe usayizi Ukuqoka ngokuya imali izitolimende. Ukuze 3rd nezingxenye 4th ngobukhulu - .. ruble ayizigidi 250, ezinkulu ikakhulukazi - ruble 1 million.

imikhiqizo ethile

Ngokuphathelene utshwala nogwayi lesishaya kuhlinzekelwe isijeziso ukushushumbiswa kwezimpahla ezifana ngaphandle kophawu ekhethekile ngesimo mkhuba izitembu. Uma lokhu usayizi esikhulu ngeke vele kwenkululeko ayizinkulungwane 100 RUB, futhi lilikhulu - .. 1 mln.

Uma usomabhizinisi, uqala ukubona isidingo imikhiqizo ilebula uphuzo oludakayo ukuze namafektri ugwayi, ungakwenzi, uyokwahlulelwa umusho:

- inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 500 .. (800 RUB th ngezinga elikhulu ..);

- ophoqelelwe iminyaka engu-3 (kuze iminyaka 6, ngokulandelana);

- koloni, igama elithi - kuze iminyaka 3 nge esihle ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 120 .. (Ezineminyaka engu-6 futhi 1 million ngezinga elikhulu).

embonini yezokugembula

Hola imali umuntu ngamunye efuna. Othile liqala ukusebenza futhi othile ukwenza izenzo eziphambana nomthetho benethemba izimali omkhulu.

Mayelana nomthetho ekuvimbeleni izinhlangano ukugembula emazweni amaningi, futhi eRussia, osomabhizinisi abathembekile futhi baye baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo komhlaba noma ukudala isikhala entsha ukuzijabulisa okunjalo. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi imali ozoyithola kulolu hlobo lwebhizinisi ibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba ngempela okuyingozi.

Kanye ukuvinjelwa ayengenayo imithetho enjalo isihloko esihlinzeka isijeziso ezithile ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza imisebenzi efana emthethweni - 171,2. Lesi simo okwengeziwe njengokwephula kusukela Article 171 we Criminal Code. I ububi azihlukile kakhulu, kukhona uhlobo oluthile umsebenzi kubalulekile.

Esikhathini onesimo (incazelo isenzo) kuthiwa lokhu isigebengu umsebenzi ibhizinisi, ogxile inhlangano kanye / noma ukuqaliswa ukugembula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umdlalo kungaba kwenziwe usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, i-Inthanethi, noma ukusetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuxhumana. Uma usomabhizinisi uye wahlela imisebenzi efanayo play endaweni kuvunyelwe, kodwa akatholanga kule layisense, uyophinde abe nobulelesi onesibopho.

Lapho sisebenzelana Ezimweni ezinjalo kungashiwo ukuthi izenzo usomabhizinisi angaphansi incazelo equkethe sihloko 171, h. 1 we Criminal Code, Nokho, sivumele isishaya-mthetho kuye ngokuqondile waligcizelela leli umsebenzi ilungiselelo ehlukile.

unswinyo

172,1 isijeziso hhayi okuningi, kodwa ngaphezu:

- inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 500;..

- edingekayo wezabasebenzi amahora 240;

- Umkhawulo wenkululeko kuze iminyaka 4 nokuswela - kuze kube iminyaka engu-2.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi esishintshashintshayo amageyimu eRussia ababili kuphela, hhayi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukukhokhela ukuba bahlanganyele ukugembula. Omunye zone Itholakala Krasnodar esifundeni ( "Azov-City"), owesibili - ku-Altai ( "laseSiberia Coin").

Ziyisijeziso amaqembu esitebeleni nezikhulu

Lapho isono sisikhulu izimisele abantu eziningana e usole, noma usomabhizinisi mathupha inzuzo imali kahle esikhulu, sihloko 171,2 we Criminal Code Ingxenye 2 ukuhlinzekela unswinyo ezilandelayo:

- inhlawulo ruble engafinyelela kwengu-1 million.

- empilweni yangempela ejele iminyaka engu-4 nge esihle ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 500 ..

Uma kunezimo ikakhulukazi ngodlame (beyiqembu elihlelekile, ukusetshenziswa sikhundla lesisemtsetfweni noma usayizi esikhulu kakhulu), uhlinzekela isijeziso inhlawulo ruble angu-1.5 million, kanye bakhonze izigwebo zeminyaka eya 6 nge esihle ruble engafinyelela kwengu-1 million.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isenzo izimisele ngo esemthethweni noma umuntu has a high (noma cha) ukuhlinzekwa lokuvala isephulamthetho kungenzeka wahlanganyela ikusasa nemisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi isikhundla ezifanele iminyaka 5. Le ngxenye umusho isetjenziswa ngokuhlanganyela ejele futhi ahlawuliswe, nakuba unswinyo kungenzeka umane ngesimo ejele ekoloni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Article 171 of Criminal Code ayiqukethe imininingwane enjalo.

izenzo ezihlobene

Ngakho, ngokuphathelene osomabhizinisi ezifeza ibhizinisi ezingekho emthethweni (ngaphandle ukubhaliswa noma ngaphandle izimvume zokwenza imisebenzi ethile), kukhona izihloko eziningana lapho umsebenzi lihlukaniswe by uhlobo lomkhiqizo noma umkhiqizo.

Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko 172 we Criminal Code zidingidwa bazihlukanisa isijeziso semisebenzi yasebhange emthethweni, futhi Article 222 - I-izingalo ukushushumbisa, obenziwa iqembu labantu (Ingxenye 2 no-3).

ukubhalisa

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ukhulume i kumiswa ezingekho emthethweni (ukudalwa) we inhlangano engokomthetho. elinesijeziso engekho emthethweni futhi ngeke kuphela kubhekwe kubhalisa, lapho kusetshenziswa imibhalo kokuzihlanganisa noma kweziqu ezimelele.

Kulokhu, ngisho noma ifemu futhi uyazifeza imisebenzi esemthethweni, ukwephulwa imithetho yokubhalisa kujeziswa ngaphansi Article 173,1 we Criminal Code.

isakhiwo

Njenganoma iyiphi ubugebengu, isenzo ohlinzekela Article 171 of the Code Criminal, kufanele futhi ube yingxenye, noma izenzo ngeke isenzo esingekho emthethweni.

Uma ucabangela ibhizinisi emthethweni ngokuya imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho lobugebengu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwakheka elinye, impahla kanye esisemthethweni, futhi abafanelwe futhi ikakhulukazi lesikwenta izimpawu echaza ngokuphelele Article 171 we Criminal Code.

Izindlela uphenyo

Ukukhomba lezi amacala ukubheka izimpawu ukuthi uzokutshela mayelana nomsebenzi we isithembiso lwenteke njengoba ngokungemthetho.

It Ubuye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo. Umphenyi kufanele uthole lokho kanye amaqiniso kufanele ucatshangelwe, futhi lapho bonke ibhizinisi efanayo kungenziwa kubhekwe njengokungekho emthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile inzuzo futhi ekhishwe ibhizinisi obungemthetho.

Uma leli nani ngezinga elikhulu (kuhlanganise impahla), engama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1,5., I ubugebengu okufanelekela ngaphansi Ingxenye 1 Article 171, uma ngezinga elikhulu (6 mln.), Osetshenziswayo Article 171 , h. 2 we Criminal Code.

Okokuqala sidinga ukuchaza, ngokuvamile, noma iyiphi into ukuze ufanelekele ubugebengu, bese ukuqoqa ubufakazi, ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe we amasamanisi.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma usomabhizinisi has yokubhalisa nge bentela futhi kukhona imvume kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kodwa eqinisweni lo somabhizinisi kwenza ukuthengiselana kufomu eduze noma efanayo, khona-ke kufanele ulinganiswa ukwenza ibhizinisi ngaphandle kwelayisensi.

Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi ngamunye has imithetho yayo siqu kanye nezidingo, ezisukela izisebenzi ziphethe isakhiwo lapho inkampani ikhona. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sigweme izinkinga nomthetho ukuqaliswa eziningana izinhlobo ahlobene yomsebenzi (amasevisi, ukukhiqiza) kuyadingeka ukuthola ilayisensi ngayinye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imvume esinjalo sesikhona kakade lapho, kodwa yisikhathi futhi umnikazi uyaqhubeka ukwenza lo msebenzi, ibuye njengokwephula (Article 171 we Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ngamazwana).

Izici ubugebengu

Ngiyaqiniseka kuyafaneleka isikhundla seNkantolo Ephakeme mayelana ilayisense yebhizinisi lomunye ndaba. Ngokusho zoMthetho Federal "Ngo amalayisense ... 'semthethweni indawo imvume azifani, kungenzeka ukuhlela ibhizinisi endaweni eyodwa, futhi ukuthola ilayisensi kwenye (uma, isibonelo, babe amagatsha ezweni lonke).

Nokho, uma isifunda uthathé normative isenzo okuphambene nemithetho ye Federation noma cha ezihlobene kwekhono lezi zindikimba, kanye nosomabhizinisi kokuncika isenzo, lithole ilayisensi, ke ongaqhubeki yimuphi umthwalo lobugebengu noma zokuphatha.

Ngokuvamile nge ziqu secala, echaza Article 171 of the Code Criminal, icala umthetho kubonisa izinhlobo eziningana izenzo eziphambene nomthetho ezifana zemali (Article 174), ukusetshenziswa yomunye-trade mark (Article 180-I) kanye nokunye okufana nalokho.

Ubunzima labafanelekako

Isinqumo seNkantolo, esanyatheliswa ngo-November 17, 2004, ku-imikhuba ehlobene amacala ibhizinisi emthethweni, unikezwa kobunzima zikhathi wekhono isigwebo enkantolo. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana idokhumenti, ube nobunzima okulandelayo indawo:

- Incazelo zesifundo;

- kwamangqamuzana ezihlobene compounds;

- Umqondo engenayo - umehluko phakathi kuthengiselana yesikhathi esisodwa futhi ibhizinisi langempela.

Mayelana engenayo ngenhla Kuye kwathiwa ngaphansi ezinjalo kumele aqondwe zonke imali ekhishelwe ukuqaliswa izindleko. Uma icala lalihilela abangaphezu koyedwa, imali kubonelelwe sesisonke.

Umehluko phakathi yesikhathi esisodwa inzuzo-futhi yebhizinisi focus. Uma umuntu wathenga, isibonelo, umakhalekhukhwini China, bese bethengiswa ke eRussia kuyabiza, ke akubhekwa ibhizinisi futhi umthetho kungukuthi ajeziswe.

Isivumelwano, yayihloselwe ukwenza ibhayisikobho engenisa inzuzo, utshalomali obengeziwe imali ukuthengwa umkhiqizo kanye nokuqaliswa kwalo kubhekwa ukuba imisebenzi usomabhizinisi.

Njengoba Article 171 has a uhlamvu ingubo, ucacise lokho kuyinto ibhizinisi langempela, kungenzeka esihlokweni 2 Code Civil.

izingoma Mayelana ezihlobene bathi uma bugebengu ukuba esigabeni esifanayo (kuleli cala, ukuze ngokuya ihogela emnothweni), kanye izihloko e isimo sabo sengqondo ukuphakamisa izenzo ezifanayo.

compounds ehlobene

Njengoba isibonelo zoMthetho Criminal Code 171 futhi 159. Futhi ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu ezimweni zombili lowo okonile bophezela, eqinisweni, ukweba. Kuphela esihlokweni sokuqala sikhuluma ngokukhethekile mayelana ibhizinisi, okuhloswe ngaso inzuzo, okuzoba uhlamvu esiqhubekayo, kanye Isihloko sesibili - irisidi (esebenzisa emthethweni) kwempahla, ezithathekayo noma engagudluki, kuhlanganise nemali. Ngakho ukukhwabanisa kungaba uxhumene ibhizinisi, futhi kube umphumela izenzo ezingekho emthethweni we yisakhamuzi abavamile.

ukuzimisela wecala

Umbuzo ezihlobene isihloko ubugebengu kubhekwa e isinqumo ngempela ngokwalokho ayikho. It ayikuvumeli ngoba ukungacaci kahle futhi incazelo yaleli ongakhetha umyalezo wokuthi isijeziso kufanele zisetshenziswe isakhamuzi ngabanye.

Ngakho, icala lobugebengu izinto ezingekho emthethweni, ezihlanganisa nokwenziwa kwayo ahlobene, uthwala umuntu ngandlela-thile useqokwe ngokugcwele noma okwesikhashana, inhloko yabangamashumi ibhizinisi, kuhlanganise amagatsha namahhovisi omele (sihloko 171 we Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ngamazwana). Ngamagama alula, ke kuhileleke njengoba ummangalelwa kuphela ebaluleke kakhulu.

Abasebenzi abasebenza ebhizinisini futhi ukufeza iziyalezo zakhe isahluko ngeke ube nesibopho eziphambana nomthetho ekhanda.

isinqumo senkantolo

A ngokuqiniseka ngaphansi Article 171 of Criminal Code kumele aqukethe ingxenye okuchazayo kanye nokugqugquzela izizathu okuyinto kwanqunywa ukuthi umsebenzi othile isakhamuzi kwaba ebhizinisi.

Maqondana ubugebengu, ngenxa atholiwe imali nje kuphela kodwa futhi ukubaluleka noma impahla, wanithwesa esifuze, lapho ingxenye okuchazayo kanye nokugqugquzela izizathu imali imali enjalo isimo.

Isikhundla isakhamuzi ngubani uboshwe njengoba ummangalelwa, akazi ngesidingo ukubhalisa noma ukuthola ilayisensi, akunandaba: ukungawazi umthetho asikho isizathu esamukelekayo. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa lesinqumo ukuqaliswa eminye imisebenzi, uhlu kubo amancane ukuze akunakwenzeka ulahleke nje. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi inkampani ye imisebenzi ukuqhumisa, isibonelo, wayengazi ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthola ilayisensi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iyiphi inkampani enkulu, okuyinto ihlela ukusebenza usomabhizinisi ngesikhathi ibhilidi ukubambisana ensimini inikwe ilayisense compulsorily adinga le dokhumenti.