Izimpawu ze-HIV

Namuhla, i-HIV ivame ukukhulunywa ngakho, kodwa abantu abaningi banolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngakho. Wonke umuntu uzwile okuthile mayelana negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kodwa kude nabo bonke abantu baqonda ngokucacile umahluko phakathi kwakhe ne-AIDS, yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-HIV, ukuthi zingadluliselwa kanjani nokuthi yini engekho, njll Ngaphambi kokubeka izibonakaliso ezinkulu ze-HIV Izindlela zokudluliswa kwayo, kufanelekile ukunikeza incazelo yemigomo eyisisekelo.

I-HIV ayiyona into engaphezu kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Leli gciwane lingomndeni wama-retrovirus e-RNA. Leli gciwane lihlukaniswa ibe yi-subfamily yezifo ezincane. Isifo esibangela ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculaza libizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV.

Isigaba sokugcina sesi sifo yi-AIDS. Ngalesi sigaba ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibhekene nesimo esinjalo sokuthi asikwazi ukumelana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka nhlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, noma yikuphi, ngisho nesifo esincane ngenxa yokuzivikela okubuthakathaka kungabangela umphumela obulalayo.

Ingakanani i-HIV ebonakalayo? Esinye sezici ezenza igciwane lesandulela ngculaza libe nesifo esivame kakhulu yisikhathi sokuthi i-virus immunodeficiency virus ingabonakala kanjani. Iqiniso liwukuthi isikhathi esilandelayo sesifo singahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kunezimo lapho izimpawu ze-HIV zingabonakali iminyaka engu-20. Yiqiniso, lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuvamile, emhlabeni, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kunezigidi ezingaba ngu-40 ezine-HIV. E-Russia ngo-2011, amacala angu-664 976 okutheleleka ngaleli gciwane ayebhalisiwe ngokomthetho.

Izimpawu ze-HIV zingazibonakalisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ukuze kutholakale ukutheleleka kwe-HIV komuntu, kuhlaziywa okukhethekile. Iqukethe ukutholakala kwama-antibodies igciwane egazini. Uma kukhona ama-antibodies egazini, lokhu kubonisa ukutheleleka ngokutheleleka. Uma kungabikho ama-antibodies, kunconywa ukuthi kuphinde kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ngoba izifo ze-antibodies aziveli ngokushesha ngemuva kokutheleleka. Uma kutholakala imiphumela emihle, ukuhlolwa kwesibili kuvame ukusetshenziswa kwenziwa kwesinye isilingo - immunoblotting.

Lesi sheke sibangelwa ukuthi imiphumela yamanga ingenzeka uma umuntu ongenwe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza athola umphumela omuhle. Emasontweni ambalwa emva kokutheleleka, umuntu unesigaba se-febrile sesifo, lapho izimpawu ezilandelayo zingenzeka khona:

- izinga lokushisa lokushisa,

- umphimbo obuhlungu,

- ukuhlanza,

- isifo sohudo,

- ukulala,

- isicashu,

- malaise,

Ukushisa esikhumbeni, njll.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lymph nodes e-HIV esiteji se-febrile yanda ngenxa yesizathu esicacile. Lezi zibonakaliso zidlula, futhi kuvela isigaba esingenakuqhathaniswa, esingahlala izinyanga ezimbili, futhi kungenzeka, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesigaba esingenakulinganiswa, kukhona isigaba esandisiwe se-HIV, okuthiwa yi-AIDS.

Kunezibonakaliso ezihlukene ze-AIDS: ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukushisa okungapheli, izinhlungu zesifuba, ukuphefumula, ukuhuda okungenakunyaka, i-herpes, isifo sofuba se-pulmonary, i-toxoplasmosis, ukuvuvukala komlomo we-mucosa, njll.

I-HIV inganikezwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

- ngokuxhumana kocansi, kuhlanganise nomlomo;

- ekuzalweni kwengane ngumama onegciwane lesandulela ngculaza;

- uma usana lubeletha nomama ogulayo;

- ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemivimbo ehlolelwe igciwane;

- ngegazi lokutheleleka;

- ngekhanda elimelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuphawula indlela yokuthola ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka. I-HIV ayikwazi ukutheleleka: ukunyundela, ukuxhaphaza, ukusebenzisana, njll. Bhala uhlu lwe-HIV engakwazi ukutheleleka. Lokhu, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuze kungabikho ukuhlukaniswa nokungabonisi abantu abathintekayo lesi sifo.

Zizinakekele futhi uzame ukuvikela abathandekayo bakho kusuka emalini.