Umkhuba yeKambiso: ukuthethwa yicala. Izizathu ukuthethwa yicala. Izibalo acquittals eRussia

Uhlelo oda zenqubo ukukhululwa unendima ekhethekile. Abacwaningi abathintekayo ekuhloleni lolu hlobo izixazululo, kuyafaneleka imibuzo eminingi. Izibalo zibonisa acquittals eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwanda isibalo amacala ukuqashelwa zezikhonzi ubumsulwa. Yini eyabangela lokhu kuthambekela? Ingabe umphumela umsebenzi eliphansi iziphathimandla zokuphenya noma nokuchema zegceke, umphumela amaphutha noma ukuqaliswa isimiso adversarial?

Umqondo umusho

Ukwamukelwa isinqumo ukhonza njengomdala esigabeni sokugcina kwecala. Isinqumo kuyisinqumo ukuthi lusetshenziswa enkantolo ngesikhathi kweseshini empikiswaneni ubumsulwa noma umuzwa wecala mayelana nale ndaba, kanye ukusetshenziswa noma ezingekho ukusetshenziswa lwezijeziso kuye. Lenchazelo awubhekene zonke izinkinga ziyaxazululwa by isinqumo sokugcina. Nokho, sibonisa essence yayo: kuphela isinqumo enkantolo angabhekwa enecala isihloko oqotsheni, futhi umuntu kuphela ongakulalela futhi ngaphansi kwemigomo izinhlawulo isigebengu ngaphakathi accordance nga it. Kuleso isinqumo, isigcwaliseke ngokuphelele kakhulu umsebenzi nenqubo, owakhiwa inqubo isixazululo.

Inani

Isigwebo kubhekwa ungoyedwa izenzo nenqubo, enquma egameni isimo. It is fixed ezingeni wesishayamthetho ubuciko. 296 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Isinqumo Kuhlola okufakiwe amacala ngaphambili. Ukulungiswa izenzo njengendlela yokuthola neziqinile. Isenzo ngokwayo kumane nje kuyingxenye yomthwalo amacala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinye, izingxenye ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Bakha iphuzu eliyinhloko nobufakazi. Lezi zici angaphansi, ohlangothini subjective into. UMshushisi uhambisa icala ukuze uyenze kuncike kokuqhutshwa ngokuphelele, hhayi kancane. Ekunqumeni umuntu ogunyaziwe uhlola isiphelo sesimiso mqondo. Zonke amacala avunyelwe ngesikhathi yokuqinisekisa kakhulu eningiliziwe izimo. Isigwebo kuyisenzo inqubo lobugebengu, i-nucleus ye-izinqumo ezithathwayo nangemva kwakhe. Leli zwi lesinqumo is hhayi kuphela esigabeni sokukhiqizwa usuphothuliwe okokuqala. Umusho ngokuqondile kuxazulule izinkinga ezinkulu zomthetho. Uthatha isinyathelo ngenxa yokugcina umsebenzi komthetho ngokuya ngemiphumela kwezomthetho futhi kuyiqiniso.

ngezigaba

Ngo Art. 309 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure inikeza izinhlobo ezimbili zemali izinqumo zokugcina izenzo okukhulunywa ngawo: icala kanye nokubotjhwa emakhotho acquittals. Yonke imibuzo ikhambi kufanele abe impendulo eqondile. Ibhizinisi osebenza njengokuvimbelayo ummangalelwa, noma icala, noma kulingane. umuntu ogunyazwe kuthatha isixazululo esisodwa kuphela. Lo mthetho futhi kusebenza ezimweni lapho zendaba uvezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo amacala amaningana noma ekuqhutshweni ezibhekwa amacala abantu abaningana. Kule ndaba sinqumo njengoba idokhumenti elilodwa ongamelana ezinye izakhamuzi icala, kanye nezinye - i ukuthethwa yicala. Kokunye ithuluzi angabelwa ukuba isigwebo, enquma ukukhipha ezinye.

ukuqashelwa ubumsulwa

I ukukhululwa ecaleni lobugebengu ingabonwa kusukela izinhlangothi ezintathu:

1. Njengoba isenzo zenqubo.
2. Njengoba sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni.
3. Njengoba iqoqo ubudlelwane zenqubo.

Isici yokugcina libhekene isici ukusebenza esigabeni. Nguye uyalandisa abacwaningi xaxa ngqo ekwenzeni izinqumo. isizinda efakwe ukukhululwa emthethweni. Isihloko owaziwa icala uma omunye izimo ezintathu:

1. Akunamcimbi senzo.
2. Hhayi umuntu afakazelwe ehilelekile ikhomishana isenzo.
3. izenzo ummangalelwa sika musa yingxenye ubugebengu.

Lapho iyiphi yalezi izimo kubhekwa avuselelwa ngokugcwele kuncike futhi baqinisekisa ukuhileleka yayo izenzakalo.

esibalulekile

Lapho ukukhululwa, isihloko ngokubhala uchaza indlela ukubuyisela amalungelo akhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvume yokuthatha isinqumo umuntu uthatha izinyathelo ukuze sivale lapho sisilela yomonakalo ngenxa ukubandakanywa emthethweni lezakhamuzi ubulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kabi eboshwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinqumo icala civil ngokona futhi sizothinta ukukhululwa isizinda. Sivumele isishaya-mthetho, kule ndaba, e isinqumo uphoqa bahlanganise ngokunembile isimo lapho umuntu watholwa engenacala. Ukulungiswa kufanele kungabi iziphakamiso, singabaze ubumsulwa we kuncike kulokho okwenzekile.

sici

I ukukhululwa wamukelwa ngonyaka uma kwehluleka ukukhomba ubugebengu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi icala kwabalelwa angawenzanga. Imicimbi ezisohlwini icala, kanye nemiphumela yabo akwenzeki noma ziye zenzeka kungakhathaliseki intando kothile (isibonelo, ngaphansi kwethonya emvelo). Ukukhishwa Phambili Ecaleni ngenxa yokuntula ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi izenzo umuntu:

1. Ababona emthethweni.
2. Ngokusemthethweni, ingaqukatha izakhi yezenzo zobugebengu, kodwa ngenxa ubala yini ingozi emphakathini.
3. Akukhona isenzo esingekho emthethweni kumiyalo oqondile yomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube izenzo zokuziphatha esimeni esiphuthumayo, ngaphakathi ukuzivikela ezidingekayo nokunye.

I ukukhululwa wathola kanye esimweni izenzo ezingekho emthethweni futhi yisigwebo iqedwe isenzo zomthetho, elaba amandla ngemva ukuthunywa kwabo.

ukuhluleka ukufakazela iqhaza

I ukukhululwa sitholwa uma isenzo emthethweni yasungulwa, kodwa izinto bahlola ngokuhamba zecala, busa noma akusho uqinisekise emsebenzini waso osolwa isihloko. Izimo ezifanayo iholwa umuntu ogunyaziwe, uma ubufakazi alwanele ukwenza iziphetho okunokwethenjelwa mayelana icala isakhamuzi, futhi ngomqondo ovulekile kwakuthuthukisa ukuba nokwenzeka ibuthelele ekusekeleni ukuhileleka ulwazi isenzo ngokuhamba zecala, futhi ngesikhathi kusaqhubeka uphenyo. Isihloko, Ngakho-ke, ebonisa ilungelo layo emphakathini, ngaphandle imicikilisho, ukukhululwa ke emthwalweni. Njengoba oyisazi libonisa, ama-ukukhululwa ezimweni ezinjalo zivame awamukelekile. Futhi izinto phinda kuze kuzoqhutshwa kahle uphenyo. Kulokhu-ke ushushiso sithule. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuqoqa ulwazi okuchitha ubumsulwa mayelana nale ndaba, akunakwenzeka noma enkantolo noma ngokuhamba uphenyo. izenzo ezinjalo sokuhamba kusukela izimiso komthetho zenqubo. Ukukhululwa isihloko senzeka ezimweni lapho inkantolo ithola ukuthi ukoniwa senziwa omunye umuntu. Kule ndaba, ngemva kwalesi sinqumo Ungena force izinto ithunyelwa umshushisi. Yena, uthatha izinyathelo ukusungula kuncike alethwe Isivivinyo njengoba ummangalelwa.

Ngingaba khansela i ukukhululwa?

Ngo Art. 379 we-CPC enamathiselwe izimo lapho isinqumo kokubuyekezwa. Ngokusho Art. 385 elibusayo i-CPC kungenzeka ukuhlehlisa iNkantolo Ephakeme. Ngenxa yalesi kumele zithunyelwe umshushisi, isikhalazo lohlaselwayo iqondiswa (izihlobo zakhe), noma ngqo umuntu watholwa engenacala, kodwa ungavumelani izimo ngesinqumo.

icala ekhethekile

Acquittals eRussia lingathathwa emhlanganweni iqhaza amajaji. Kulokhu, ubonelela inqubo ekhethekile sekubuyeketwa izinqumo ezinjalo. Umusho kungenzeka ichithwe esifakwe umshushisi noma isikhalo isisulu (omele ukuzivikela) phambi ukwephulwa ezinjalo CPC, okuyinto kungagcini abahlanganyeli kwecala on kokwethula ubufakazi noma bona baba nethonya okushiwo Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu nezindaba phambi amajaji ngakhoke izimpendulo kubo. INkantolo Ephakeme kungaphumi ngale migomo bese ubukeza amakhasi izinqumo kwamanye izimo.

Non-ukuhambisana okwatholakala izimo oluyiqiniso

Ngezinye izikhathi acquittals eRussia wenza ngaphandle kokucubungula izimo ezifanele. Ngakho, ngokuhamba ekuqhubeni izakhamuzi ezimbili atholakele akuyikuba yicala lokuzama ukubulala umuntu ngokuyeka isikole ke kusuka ukuphakama 17 metres emfuleni esimweni lesibopho. INkantolo, ekunqumeni ukuba bathethelele izifundo wabhekisela "ukuntengantenga" izinkomba ukuthi isisulu wanika njengengxenye uphenyo lokuqala, kanye isitatimende bakhe ukuthi "Uyazenzela." Nokho, izinto, kwaba sobala ukuthi isisulu yena bafaka isikhalazo ukulethe tebulungiswa abacacisiwe abaye benza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni ngokumelene naye. Isisulu ngokuphindaphindiwe, kuhlanganise on-site yesehlakalo, njalo watshela ngezimo nokulahlwa ke emfuleni kusukela kwebhuloho. INkantolo hhayi Ucabangelé ofakazi ngokungenangqondo. akunika Ngakho ukuzihlupha lalibhekwa njengento isici ezidinga ngibonelele. Nokho, inkantolo behluleka ukubonisa ukwazisa kahle okuqukethwe. Lapho kabusha luhlolo wathweswa icala isinqumo esagcina yasekela sesikhalo.

Ukuhlolwa ukwephulwa lobuKhristu kwezinkambiso we CCP

Emahoreni angu. 2 tbsp. 381 izimo kuchazwa, okungase kube acquittals ebuyekeziwe. ERussia, Nokho, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ezishiwo ukwephulwa kuyinsakavukela kungaholela olungenamkhawulo ukuqashwa kabusha ukuzwa. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, uma phakathi komlandu, njengoba sekube nesicelo ukwephulwa kwelungelo wokuthi ummangalelwa akakhokhe ukusizwa umhumushi noma ummeli, noma akazange avunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza mpikiswano, noma uye enganikwanga izwi lokugcina, ukuqedwa lomusho kuyoba nenjongo nethemba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokomthetho, kwalezizimo musa isimo sibe sibi isimo mayelana nale ndaba, abazange kuthinte isinqumo engenabulungisa, okungekho emthethweni noma ngokungafanele isinqumo. Ukukhansela uguqule ukwahlulela kuleli cala a farce ukuzwa, kusukela yi uzobe kusengaphambili. Ukubuyekezwa kwe isinqumo kuleli cala samanje kuphela uma kukhona isikhalo mayelana nale ndaba, watholwa engenacala uma alivumelani imigomo lesi sinqumo.

isiphetho

Isinqumo lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako nesijeziso - iphoqelelwe kuphela emva ukungena force ngesinqumo. Kulokhu, umthetho isebenza kungakhathaliseki ubuhlobo nesenzo labo osebenza. Ukukhishwa Phambili Ecaleni uma ngenxa yesizathu esithile ukuze kususwe yakhe bebengaba ebufakazini obunokwethenjelwa ukubasekela. Kulezi zimo kukhona ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda ubumsulwa. Nokho, Uma kukhulunywa enkantolo, akusiyo njalo kungenzeka ukunquma lokhu ngokuqiniseka. Ukungabaza imvelo irremovable ingasho izibonakaliso Ukwakheka, iziphetho mayelana ukungabi noma khona ubugebengu, isihloko ehilelekile ikhomishana isenzo. Umthetho uhumusha noma yisiphi sazo e esivuna ummangalelwa. Kulokhu, lo yicala kuqinisekisa yokushoda kobufakazi, okungukuthi, kobufakazi inhloso khona.