Art. 159 Ingxenye 4 :. Ukukhwabanisa. code lobugebengu

Ikhodi yenkantolo yaseRussia ishintsha njalo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa okuphelele okuphelele, amacala amacala ngokuhambisana nemigomo yokwethembeka, ukulingana nobuntu.

Ngo-2012, izinhlinzeko eziningi ziye zachitshiyelwa, ikakhulukazi Isigaba 159. Ngaphambili, leli lungiselelo lijezisa ukukhwabanisa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Lobugebengu wenzelwe isigaba samacala ahlobene nokukhohlisa nokuhlukunyezwa kwethembana.

Ukukhwabanisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyini amafomu, kuchaza ngaphansi komzamo womenzi womenzi wobugebengu wokwakha ubuhlobo obunobungane, obunokwethenjelwa nesisulu, kungaba umuntu noma inhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenzi wobugebengu akagcini nje ukuxhumana nomuntu ohlukunyeziwe, kodwa wenza izenzo ezizibophezelayo ezizokwenza ukuthi isisulu siqonde ukuthi lowo ohlukumezayo unezimfanelo ezinhle kuphela, nakuba lokhu akulona iqiniso.

Njengomphumela wecebo elihle, umenzi wobugebengu, ngenxa yokuthi umhlukumezi uyamethemba, angakwazi ukubona ukuthi uhlose ubugebengu bakhe.

Ngaphambi kokuchibiyela, kwakukhona isihloko se-159, sihlanganisa zonke izigaba, ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa ngezinhloso zobugebengu, njenge:

- ngabanye;

- inhlangano yemigqa yemali;

- izikhungo zombuso ezikhokhela izinzuzo futhi zinikeze izinzuzo nabanye.

Ngokuphathelene nezindawo ezimbili zokugcina, ukukhwabanisa ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olungalungile noma amadokhumenti aqanjiwe ukuthola imali.

Ukuchitshiyelwa

NgoNovemba 2012, isihloko se-159 sishintshile kakhulu. Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kuhlobene nokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa amacala ahlobene nabantu ngabanye kanye nobugebengu obuhambisana nezinhlangano, kanye nasemazingeni obuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

Izinhlinzeko 159.1 kuya ku-159.6 zengeziwe kule ngxenye. Manje into ngayinye inikezwe ku-athikili yayo, futhi ubugebengu obubhekene nalezi zinto bunamacala athile.

Izichibiyelo nazo zathinta izincazelo zemali enkulu kanye neningi lokukhwabanisa (ngaphandle kwe-Article 159). Uma kungakafiki cishe inani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-250. Futhi ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1. Ngokulandelanayo, manje bangama-ruble angu-1 no-6 wezigidi.

Lezi zixazululo zivela ikakhulukazi ezingeni elihlukile, ngokungafani, ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ebugebengu njengobunenkohlakalo obukhulu ikakhulukazi (Isigaba 159 ingxenye 4) esenziwe ngumuntu ojwayelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwecala ngaphansi kwezihloko 159 - 159.6 kunokwenzeka kuphela uma kunesicelo somuntu siqu sezisulu. Ama-ejensi okuphoqelela umthetho angenalo ilungelo, ngokuzimela, ngezizathu zawo siqu, ukufaka amacala obugebengu ngokukhwabanisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibhizinisi lebhizinisi liye lakhiwa njalo. Abaqalayo bangaba ukuncintisana, noma amaphoyisa aphethe ama-akhawunti athile nabomabhizinisi. Ngisho noma iqiniso lokukhwabanisa, okungukuthi, ukweba ngokukhohliswa kwempahla ehambayo noma engenakususwa, kuyabonakala, isitatimende sidingeka ukuqala icala.

Ukukhohlisa ebhizinisini

Okubaluleke kunazo zonke ukufakazela nokuveza ukuthi yibugebengu ngaphansi kwesigaba 159.4, okungukuthi izenzo ezingekho emthethweni emkhakheni wokuhweba. Phakathi kwezinhlangano zomthetho noma i-IP kungase kube nobuhlobo obuthile, obuhlobene kakhulu nensimu yezimali noma ukuthengiselana. Isibonelo, inhlangano eyodwa ikhokhelwe enye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla. Umamukeli wezimali ngokuzithandela akazange akhiphe imikhiqizo futhi akahlose ukwenza kanjalo.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi labo abasolwa bavele benecala, inkantolo ingase ifake imali engama-ruble ayisigidi nesigamu, umsebenzi ophoqelelwe noma ukuboshwa iminyaka emihlanu ngokuvinjelwa kwayo (noma ngaphandle kwayo) ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ngo-2014, okungukuthi, eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuchibiyela isahluko sama-21 soMthetho Wezobugebengu, iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yanquma ukuchibiyela izigwegwe ezihlokweni 159-159.6 ukuxazulula inkinga yokulingana kwezijeziso.

Ukusebenza komthetho

Inkantolo yathi izijeziso emkhakheni wezohwebo zenza kube lula ukuthi lesi senzo sibe yisithunzi. Izinkolelo zaloluhlobo lobugebengu sezivele zicacisiwe ku-art. 159 yingxenye 4, futhi umbhali akudingeki ukuba ahlukanise nabezindaba ezihlukene mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa phakathi kwabamabhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho lesi sihloko sibonakala, kwakukhona ukungahambisani. Ngokuyinhloko, mayelana nalokhu iphuzu: uma omunye wezinhlangano engumuntu, ingabe kufanelekile ukufakazela ukuthi lobu bugebengu buyinto evamile?

Ekuqaleni, lesi sihloko kwakufanele sixazulule inkinga yokuqala amacala obugebengu ngokumelene nosomabhizinisi ngaphandle kwezizathu ezanele. Kodwa-ke, leli lungiselelo lalivame ukusetshenziswa, enkantolo ubugebengu obuningi bubekwa ngaphansi kwe-Art. 159, Ingxenye 4 ye-Code Criminal, lapho izigwegwe sezivele zandulelwe khona lezi zenzo.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala kwezahluko 151 - 159.6 akuzange kube lula, kepha kunzima umsebenzi wezinsiza zokwahlulela. Isibonelo, ngokusho kuka-Art. 159.1, kukhona ubugebengu obufana nobuqhopholo kumasevisi wezezimali. Kuze kube manje, izikweletu zingatholakali kuphela emabhange amakhulu, kodwa futhi ezinhlanganweni zezinkampani ezincane, okunye okufomayo kwemisebenzi yokuhweba. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isenzo senzeke emkhakheni wezezimali, umbuzo uvela: "Kuphi isihloko okufanele sibhekiswe kulobugebengu - ku-159.1, 159.4 noma kuNgxenye 4 yeSigatshana 159?"

Umkhuba wezinkantolo ukhombisa ukuthi iziqu zixhomeke kuleso sici nalokho okushiwo ubugebengu.

Uma sicabangela i-Article 159.4 njengesihlinzeko esidingekayo ekubambeni kwecala lobugebengu ebhizinisini, isishayamthetho kufanele sikhombise ukuthi amaqembu kulolu cala ayenazo izinhlangano zomthetho kuphela, i-IP noma i-state. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokukhwabanisa kukhona kakade izihloko 159 - 159.6.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke izigebengu zinesikhathi sokunciphisa, emva kwalokho umuntu akasasaba nomthwalo wemfanelo ngesenzo esizibophezele.

Ku-Art. 159, engxenyeni yokuqala, isenzo sokunciphisa amandla esincane sinikezwa, ngoba isikhathi sokuboshwa kwangempela asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokunciphisa kuleli cala singu-2 iminyaka.

Ngokuqondene nengxenye yesibili, isikhathi sokunciphisa siyoba seminyaka engu-6, ngoba kulokhu kutholakala ubugebengu obukhulu obubonakalayo.

Ezingxenyeni zesithathu nezesine ze-Article 159, izenzo ezinzima zibekiwe, isimiso sokulinganiselwa okushiwo yi-Article 15 ye-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation iminyaka eyishumi.

Ukubuyekezwa kwesinqumo

Ngokuphathelene nesicelo se-Code olusha olusha, labo abawatholile ngaphansi kweNgxenye 4 ye- Art. I-159 ye-Criminal Code yaseRussian Federation, igama lesigwebo sangempela ngokwezenzo zobugebengu emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi (okungukuthi, kuze kube ngoNovemba 2012), yakhululwa ngaphansi komxhaso uma kwenzeka umonakalo uhlawulelwa.

Ngokusho kweSigaba 10 seKhowudi yeNqubo yokuPhulwa kobugebengu, umthetho uphindela emuva. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma umenzi wobugebengu usevele ekhonza isigwebo esithile, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile izigwegwe ziye zashintshwa ukuze zifakwe phansi, umuntu onecala unelungelo lokucela inkantolo yesifunda ukuthi ibukeze lesi sigwebo.

Ngale ndlela, iziboshwa zilahlwe ngaphansi kobuciko. 159, ingxenye 4 ye-Code Criminal, efaka iminyaka engama-10 ekoloni, ingaphumelela ekunciphiseni umusho uma isenzo esizibophezele sinezibonakaliso zezenzo ezingekho emthethweni kwi-niche yebhizinisi.

Mayelana nokukhanselwa kwesigatshana 159.4, ubugebengu buzobekwa eceleni ngokwemigomo jikelele. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umenzi wobugebengu usakhonza isigwebo, futhi ngaphansi kokuhlinzekwa okusha okusebenzayo, Ingxenye 4 ye-Art. 159 leli gama linikezwe ngemali ekhudlwana, isinqumo asibuyekezwa, ngoba ukuwohloka kwesimo somuntu onecala akuvumelekile.

Kodwa-ke, akunandaba ukuthi lo muntu ukhululwe kanjani ngemuva kokukhonza isikhathi esigcwele, ngokusho kweDO, noma kwakukhona ukuthethelelwa. Art. 159 ingxenye 4 inikeza ukuphathwa kwezokuphatha, okumelwe kuqiniswe noma ngabe yikuphi. Ukuxoshwa esijezisweni sangempela mayelana nanoma yiziphi izenzo azihambisani nokwaziswa kwesakhamuzi esikhululwe. Ubugebengu obubi kakhulu, isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngokukhwabanisa okukhulu kakhulu (Isigaba 159, ingxenye 4), ukuqondiswa okulandelayo kungasethwa isikhathi esiphezulu.

Izimpawu zokufaneleka

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuphutha, okwakungenwe yisishayamthetho, kungacatshangwa ukuthi isijeziso ngaphansi kwesigatshana 159.4, uma ubugebengu benziwa ngokuyinhloko enkulu, kuyoba lula kakhulu kunesenzo esifanayo, esifanelekayo ngaphansi kuka-Art. 159 we-4 ye-Code Criminal ye-Russian Federation. Kulesi simo, kwaba lula ukuthi unecala lokufakazela ukuthi lesi senzo senzeke ngenkathi enza umsebenzi wokuhweba, kunokuba akhonze isigwebo ngaphansi kwesihloko esiphezulu esinikezela iminyaka engaba ngu-10 esikhungweni sombuso.

Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko ezingu-159 "ezijwayelekile" kulungile kakhulu, ngoba iningi labo abenza umzamo bazama imali enkulu noma ikakhulukazi - ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-250 nezigidi eziyi-1, ngokulandelana, ikakhulukazi kulokhu kuhlinzekwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokucabangela isimiso sokuhweba osomabhizinisi, cishe njalo kunokwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ubugebengu bwenziwa yiqembu labantu abanesakhiwo esithile.

Esikhathini se-Art. 159, ingxenye 4, inkokhelo yesenzo sobugebengu esizibophezele kabili ngokukhululekile ngesenzo esifanayo kwisigaba sesi-3 se-Article 159.4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni se-athikili esiye saba yinto engavumelekile, kuphela imali enkulu yokukhwabanisa iboniswa, kanti ukuhlinzekwa kwengxenye yokugcina akusho nje kuphela ukwebiwa kwemali enkulu, kodwa futhi nokuncishwa kwabantu ngabanye amalungelo abo emakhaya.

Le ndlela yenziwa ngenxa yokuthi ukukhwabanisa kuqhubekile ngokuyinhloko kwi-real estate, futhi njengoba izindleko zefulethini zingase zibe ngaphansi kokukhulu kakhulu ku-Code Criminal, ummeli wezombusazwe ufake ukukhwabanisa kule ndawo ku-Art. 159 we-4 ye-Code Criminal ye-Russian Federation.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuthunyelwe

Ubugebengu obwenziwe ngokusebenzisa amalungiselelo ahlobene nemisebenzi esemthethweni kuboniswe yingxenye 3 ye-athikili 159. Ukwabiwa kwesigaba sabantu abambe noma yikuphi okuthunyelwe enhlanganweni noma esikhungweni kuhlobene namandla abenzi bokubi.

Njengomthetho, izakhamizi eziphethe isikhundla esiphakeme, zenza ithonya labantu ekugcineni kwezinqumo zabo. Yingakho, ngokuphathelene nengozi yomphakathi, ukukhwabanisa kuleli cala kuyisenzo esibugebengu esibucayi esinesijeziso esifanele.

Ukukhohlisa nokuhlukunyezwa kokwethemba, njengomthetho, kwakungenxa yokuthi umuntu angakwazi ukufihla ngenhloso yokungabi negunya lakhe ekuthumeleni noma yiziphi izenzo, ukukhohlisa izisulu ngemali enkulu noma ikakhulukazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuqeqeshwa ngaphansi kwe- Art. 159, ingxenye 3, 4 ye-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation, kubalulekile ukuthi ekuqaleni umenzi wobugebengu angeke afeze izibopho zakhe.

Uma empeleni isakhamuzi asinelungelo kunoma yisiphi isenzo, kodwa wenza uhlelo olulungisiwe ngaphambili ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano somlomo esiphula amalungelo kanye nezithakazelo zomphakathi noma umbuso njengomphumela, isigaba 201 (ukuhlukumeza igunya) noma isigaba 288 (isabelo sehhovisi) .

Izimpawu zokukhwabanisa

Naphezu kokuphelela nokucaca kwesimo se-Art. 159 ingxenye 4, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zayo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izikhathi ezihlukanisa ukukhwabanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zokuba.

Ngokuyinhloko, uma ubugebengu bubophekile kubantu abangenakukhubazeka, kuthathwa njengokuba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iziqu ngaphansi kweSigaba 159 zingenzeka kuphela uma isisulu sazi futhi siqonda ukuthi sidlulisela impahla noma ilungelo layo kumuntu wesithathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube nezici ezinjalo zesikhonzi njengokukhohliswa nokuhlukunyezwa kokwethemba.

Uma kungenakukhubazeka kwalowo ohlukumezekile, ukweba akukwazi ukubizwa ngokucacile, ngoba lowo muntu akaziqondi yena, ngenxa yobudala noma isifo, ezenzweni ezenziwe.

Uqedile umthetho

Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi noma yibuphi ubugebengu, ngokufaneleka okufanele, kufanele kugcwaliswe. Izenzo ezingapheli zibhekwa ngaphansi kwamanye ama-athikili, kufaka phakathi njengomzamo wobugebengu.

Ngokuqondene nokukhwabanisa, kubhekwa kuqediwe lapho impahla esekelwe ubunikazi isivele ingumnikazi wephutha, futhi ingakwazi ukuyilahla.

Okufanayo kusebenza ngemali nezinye izinto nezinto ezingabhaliswa ngazo. Kule ndaba, ngokushesha nje lapho le nto isesandleni sogxeke, ubugebengu bubhekwa ukuthi buphelile. Okubalulekile kuphela isigaba samanani, okuyisinye sezici zokunquma ekuqokweni kwesijeziso.

Ngakho-ke, imiqondo eyisisekelo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kobuqhophozi kungasondelana kakhulu nemisebenzi yebhizinisi eqhubekayo, kanye nezimpawu ezifanele zezinye izitimela, ikakhulukazi amacala ngaphansi kobuciko. 159, ingxenye 4, lesi sigwebo sivame ukufakwa kubanikazi bebhizinisi. Yingakho kungekho sidingo sokuhlukanisa izinhlangano zomthetho zibe yisigaba esihlukile, ngoba asinamalungelo ngokuphathelene nesenzo esizibophezelekile.

Uhlangothi olungezansi

Isici esiqakathekileko esifundeni sokukhwabanisa sihlose. Uma sicabangela lesi simo lapho isakhamuzi sinomhlobo othembekile nomunye, futhi kulokhu kutholakala noma yikuphi ukuthengiswa kwempahla, ukudlulisela kumuntu noma ngezinye izinhloso, lokhu akubhekwa njengecala.

Uma kwenzeka umuntu engayikufeza izibopho ezihlobene nemibandela yokuthola impahla, futhi inhloso yezenzo ezinjalo umuntu unomuntu ngaphambi kokuba amdlulisele into noma amalungelo, icala lihambisana neziqu ngaphansi kwe-Article 159.

Hlanganisa

Imithetho yezobugebengu ekusebenziseni ikhodi ngokuphathelene nokukhwabanisa inamacala obugebengu obugebengu, okushiwo isigaba 159 esaphinde afaneleke kwezinye izinhlinzeko zokuntuleka kobufakazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubugebengu bungacatshangelwa njengezigaba 159.1 - 159.6, kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Wezobugebengu.

Mayelana nokukhwabanisa, kukhona neminye imithetho yegunya. Uma, ngokwesigaba sokuqala se-athikili 159 esacatshangelwayo, izenzo zingacatshangwa enkantolo yomhlaba, kanti izinhlaka zobulungiswa zesifunda zenza izinyathelo ngaphansi kuka-Art. 159h 4, 3 no-2.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye yokuqala inikeza ukushushiswa kwangasese, kuyilapho ekunye kungenxa yezindaba zangasese-zomphakathi.

Amazwana kulesi sihloko

Kukhona ithuba lokukhululeka ekujezisweni kanye nemiphumela yalo uma kukhona ubugebengu obuhlinzekwe yizingxenye 1 noma 2 ze-athikili 159. Uma lowo owenze isenzo okokuqala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ebuyisela umonakalo futhi abuye ahlangane nomuntu ohlukunyeziwe, icala lecala lipheliswa ngokuhambisana nesigaba 25 seKhowudi yeNqubo Yezobugebengu.

Akunakwenzeka ukukhulula umuntu emithwalweni uma isenzo ngaphansi kobuciko. 159 isig. 4 noma i-ч. 3. Uma ngabe isakhamuzi - kumuntu oyedwa - esikhohlisile umuntu futhi senze okokuqala, kusengenzeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi injongo ivele ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokuphathelene nezikhulu noma amaqembu ahleliwe, umqondo wokungahleliwe awusebenzi, ngakho-ke lezi zigaba zamacala ezigebengu zibophezele ngokugcwele ngokomthetho.

Ukwenza okuphindaphindiwe kwezenzo ezixhunywe ngokukhohlisa ngamabomu ngesisulu kuhlanganisa isijeziso sangempela, ngisho noma umonakalo uye wahlawuliswa. Lapha ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuziphatha ngobugebengu. Uma wenza isinqumo, leli qiniso lizocatshangelwa kuqala.

Ngakho, ngokusho kuka-Art. 159 h. 4 imibono yomthethosisekelo yembula imininingwane yezenzo zobugebengu ezihlose ukuthola impahla ngokukhwabanisa.