Art. 292 Criminal Code, "Manga": amazwana kanye nezici

Ngaphansi manga ngokwesiko waqonda inqubo kufaneleka, ukudala noma ezilingisa izinto, imibhalo noma izibalo, Injongo ogama main lokuthonya ngenjongo yokudukisa abantu. Ngo yasekhaya lobugebengu umthetho umthwalo imisebenzi efana kulawulwa Art. 292 Criminal Code.

Imininingwane zomlando

Yinoma yiliphi icala neziqondiso adlula kuzo yena kutiphendvulela, has umlando walo yentuthuko. Ukulwa ukuthi isenzo njengoba manga, baqala esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuvela uthi eziningi zanamuhla.

Ngo umthetho wamaRoma, umqondo iye ngokuhunyushwa ngobubanzi kakhulu. Ukuze manga, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa manga zamafa, izinyathelo, zemali, izinsimbi, izimvu zamanzi, ukufumbathisa lamajaji, kuyicala kukodwa. Kwaba umqondo collective, kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bengakwamukeli ukuthi ihlanganisa zonke izimo kungenzeka ngokuphathelene esikhoselweni iqiniso.

umthetho wamaNgisi lobugebengu ichazwa eMthethweni ka 1981 manga ngokuthi "udala izindlela zamanga ukusunduza othile ukuthatha phezu yokuqala, futhi ngaleyo ndlela azilimazile noma wesithathu.

Ngokomthetho yasekhaya, umqondo avele ezinsukwini kokudaliweyo "Russian Nangeqiniso" nesithi labetibambile metamorphoses ahlukahlukene. Ukuze okuqukethwe umthetho oqondene manje lobugebengu obuku-(Art. 292 Criminal Code) kuyinto okubekwe ngayo abakhulu nenkathi yamaSoviet. Khona-ke isenzo kuchazwa njengoba manga kwemibhalo yokuqala noma ukudweba zamanga. Uma lokhu ukukhwabanisa lahlukaniswa laba olusemthethweni kanye t elula. E. Umuntu ophelele.

Art. 292 Criminal Code: ukwakhiwa elula

umthetho Modern Russian ichaza ukukhwabanisa njengoba ukwethulwa abasebenzi isimo noma kamasipala, kanye kulesisebenti setemininingwano kwamanga asemthethweni, kanye kwamaphutha kubo, kusonta okuqukethwe. izinhlawulo Criminal uma lezi zenzo ayenziwa ukuze izithakazelo zabo noma ngezinjongo yenzuzo.

isakhiwo Simple kusikisela omunye isijeziso esikhundleni umuntu owenze ngendlela:

• inhlawulo in inani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80. ukukuthinta. noma yimuphi omunye engenayo inkinga ibangelwa (kuhlanganise nomholo ..) enkathini izinyanga eziyisithupha;
• umsebenzi oyimpoqo kufika emahoreni angu-480;
• zabasebenzi izimilo noma ophoqelelwe isikhathi kuze kube iminyaka engu-2;
• ukubopha isikhathi kuze kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha;
• bokuhlukaniswa inkululeko kufika eminyakeni engu-2.

ukwakheka afanelekayo

Ukufanelekela uphawu yobuciko. 292 Criminal Code iwukuba ukhwabanisa, labo ababebanga ukuba ukuhlukumeza enkulu ye-izithakazelo esisemthethweni izinhlangano kanye izakhamuzi, kanye namalungelo abo noma izithakazelo isimo noma umphakathi wonkana, zivikelwe umthetho.

Kulokhu, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo unswinyo (e ehlukile):

• inhlawulo in inani ayizinkulungwane 100-500. ukukuthinta. noma yimuphi omunye engenayo yesaphulamthetho (kuhlanganise nomholo ..) enkathini unyaka 1 kuya eminyakeni emi-3;
• ophoqelelwe kuze kuphele iminyaka 4, nge mthetho ezengeziwe ukuze wenze imisebenzi ethile noma umkhawukho wesikhathi ilungelo banezikhundla ezithile iminyaka 3 (noma ngaphandle kwalo);
• bokuhlukaniswa inkululeko kufika eminyakeni engu-4, nge mthetho ezengeziwe ukuze wenze imisebenzi ethile noma umkhawukho wesikhathi ilungelo banezikhundla ezithile kuze kube 3 iminyaka (noma ngaphandle kwalo).

Into futhi ngale ndaba yobugebengu

Into yokuhlasela zobugebengu sihloko ihlaziye. 292 Criminal Code, kuyinto umsebenzi evamile zikahulumeni, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukukhululwa kwemibhalo esemthethweni kanye nokwelashwa kwazo.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, ungakwazi ukuqagela ngasiphi into yethonya kulomhlaba Kwenziwa ngokuhamba ubugebengu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi kungaphansi. Lezi imibhalo, kodwa hhayi bonke, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo: zivela ibhizinisi esithile, hhayi ma-ejensi wombuso, aqukethe zonke izimpawu olusemthethweni, eyamukeleke umthetho ... incazelo eningiliziwe lunikeziwe amazwana ku Art. 292 Criminal Code.

Incwadi engokomthetho kumele babe zonke izici emphakathini. Basuke obonakaliswe ifomu ezivamile, ekhuluma abantu yayo eqondile (izinhlangano ezingokomthetho), kwi-nenkanuko edlulele eziphathekayo naphakathi (electronic, iphepha, la mandla kazibuthe nokunye. D.). Ukuthola nencwadi engokomthetho kwamandla senzeka ngemva kokuba wasayinwa esemthethweni ogunyaziwe osayinela.

Uhlangothi inhloso

Manga (Art. 292 CC) kuthabathela ecaleni umgomo elinesimo Ukwakheka esisemthethweni. A ubugebengu kubhekwa okuphelele ngesikhathi bengena zamanga futhi enganembile Imininingwane Incwadi engokomthetho. kakhulu Isenzo obonakaliswe manga noma falsification uzibophezele ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (Ukusula, ukulungiswa, nokwengeza nokunye. D.). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwengeza ulwazi olungamanga. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani, kanye nemiphumela okwafika njengezwi yalokhu, kuba awanakufundwa ubugebengu (ngokuvumelana Art. 292 Criminal Code). Isihloko ubufakazi kulezi izenzo ezingekho. Zonke izenzo zobugebengu, okuyizinto nganoma iyiphi indlela exhunywe nokusetshenziswa amadokhumenti angelona iqiniso , futhi kwenzeka ngenxa imiphumela, ufanelekele yimuphi omunye umthetho lobugebengu.

uhlangothi Isifundo subjective

Isihloko manga kuchazwa njengamaphayona akhethekile. Them umuntu ehlala inkonzo yomphakathi, noma isikhulu noma umsebenzi kahulumeni wasekhaya.

Uhlangothi subjective komthetho nokukhwabanisa ephawula njengoba iwayini ngesimo ngenhloso oqondile. Lowo okonile aqaphele isimo emthethweni mayelana nezenzo zabo nezifiso ukuthunywa kwabo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isimo sengqondo icala manga kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umataniswe ngenhloso zobugovu kanye nezinye izintshisekelo siqu.

Amazwana ku-athikili. 292 Criminal Code

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isihloko manga of nencwadi engokomthetho. Amazwana kulesi senzakalo aqukethe ulwazi okulandelayo.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we olusemthethweni ubhekwa umbiko obhaliwe, senziwa ngobuchwepheshe ikhophi noma kanzima futhi ivela ezingeni ethile apharathasi isimo. Kufanele aqinisekise izenzakalo ezithile amaqiniso isishiya abantu besebenzisa khona nemiphumela ethile nature kwezomthetho. Incwadi engokomthetho kumele siqukathe imininingwane edingekayo: isitembu, isitembu, usuku, inombolo kanye nesiginesha olusemthethweni. Ukuze labo, ngokwesibonelo, zihlanganisa: izincwadi yokubhalisa ebhukwini ihhovisi, incwadzi yekusebentela, ikhadi le-ID, njll ...

Ekhuluma ngenhloso kobugovu esigebengwini, sivumele isishaya-mthetho wayecabanga unesifiso sokuthola lokho ezisifundisa umuntu noma iyiphi inzuzo (emthethweni). Kungaba ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala sivezwe kula yokufuna impahla, futhi angaphatheki - yokufuna ilungelo silahle noma iyiphi impahla ebhaliwe yengqondo.

Amazwi aleso lesishaya "nezinye nesithakazelo somuntu siqu 'sitolikwa ngempela ngobubanzi, kuyize ngokweqile, umumo okhululekile, careerism, esikhoselweni imiphumela engemihle yomsebenzi wabo njalonjalo.

Manga kanye falsification: umehluko

Icala Art ngaphansi. 292 Criminal Code, has a Ukwakheka ifana namanye namanye amacala obugebengu. I manga lokuqala kufanele ahlukaniswe kusuka zingaphazamisi ubufakazi. Kulesi futhi kwelinye icala, Uma unganakile, kukhona izinguquko imibhalo. Nokho, uma kukhona falsification ukuhlanekezela ngamabomu, hhayi mbumbulu. Ngamanye amazwi, okuqukethwe izinguquko idokhumenti ngendlela esenza kube forgers edingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into okwengeziwe iwukuba kuzosetshenziswa njengobufakazi uma sekuqhubeka (Art. 303 CC RF).