Izinhlobo unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu: umqondo, izibonelo nezimiso.

Noma yimuphi ubugebengu izimisele akuhileli ukusabela ngokushesha kusuka kuhulumeni, okuyinto kubonakala ukusetshenziswa kuncike maqondana isephulamthetho walabo noma amanye amathuluzi komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa, entailing kusengaphambili imiphumela lokugcina uhlamvu okungekuhle.

Uyaluvumela umthetho lobugebengu - Umqondo

Ngo yesimanje umthetho lobugebengu ngaphansi imvume baqonde yezindlela umzimba izakhi umthetho lobugebengu, okuyinto kunqunywa eyodwa noma kwezinhlobo, kanye ubukhulu isijeziso ozofakwa isihloko owenze isono esikhulu ukwephulwa komthetho, wanakekela sengqondo ilungiselelo lomthetho wathi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, imvume ukhonza njengomdala inkomba degree of ingozi umphakathi esivela a tort ethile, akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho lobugebengu.

Ukwahlukanisa unswinyo lobugebengu

Esikhathini ngezigaba yesimanje of lobugebengu umthetho izinhlawulo wenziwa ngokuvumelana degree kwabo iqiniso. Kususelwa kule isimiso, ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo eyinhloko unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu, njenge:

• nakanjani;
• ngokuphelele engaqinisekile;
• kuqhathaniswa ezichazwe;
• okunye.

Izinhlobonhlobo main: ngokuphelele esiqondile nanini

Ngakho, sicabanga kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini kukhona izinhlobo unswinyo kusetshenziswa umthetho lobugebengu, izibonelo, zinezikhathi izici zabo.

Unswinyo, onegama nakanjani, isethwe njengoba ifomu kuphela kungenzeka isijeziso, futhi ngobukhulu bayo ngqo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba afeze ukukhetha ukujeziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, udilikajele, usayizi esihle kahle ichazwe, isigwebo sokufa. Lolu hlobo unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu wamanje akusebenzi, njengoba akusho nokukodwa uhlobo individualization isijeziso maqondana nezimo ngokushesha ikhomishini tort nezici siqu okonile.

Lezi zinhlobo unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu njengoba ngokuphelele engaqinisekile, musa ukusungula uhlobo nokubaluleka isijeziso, futhi liqukethe enjalo okubekwe ngayo non-ethize efana "isicelo isijeziso ngokugcwele yomthetho" kuphela, "kufanele bajeziswe ngokuvumelana nemithetho impi", njll . Ngokomthetho lobugebengu yesimanje lolu hlobo unswinyo azisetshenziswa kufanele, ngoba ukuba khona kwabo kusho awokuthi a nangobudlova zokwahlulela kokunikezwa kwe-nesimiso esiyisisekelo sobulungisa.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu: okunye futhi kuqhathaniswa ezithile

Nezijeziso ngamacala athile angabhekwa zonke izimo kanye izimbangela ukwephula umthetho. Lezi zinhlobo unswinyo emthethweni lobugebengu, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ezichazwe, ahlinzekele ethize uhlobo isijeziso futhi kunqunywa noma ubuncane futhi imingcele esiphezulu, noma yimuphi omunye wabo. Kususelwa kule isimiso, letigwebo yena, zingahlukaniswa zibe:

• Imisa esiphezulu penalty value, isibonelo, nezindinganiso ezibekwe Ingxenye 1 of Art. 228 Criminal Code, sihlinzekela lokusebenza ukwenza ezithile kulesi sihloko tort izinyathelo ezifana bokuhlukaniswa inkululeko isikhathi iminyaka efinyelela kwemithathu.
• Ukusungula inani eliphansi futhi esiphezulu lomusho. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungiselelo, fixed e para. 1 tbsp. 105 we Criminal Code, kucatshangwa lowo okonile uyokhokhiswa isihloko isilinganiso esinjalo, njengoba ejele ezisukela eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu.

Ezinye izinhlobo lwezijeziso (okunye) ukusungula kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-amagoli tort izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu izinhlawulo, okuvumela igunya lomthetho esimweni ngasinye, ngokuhambisana izici tort unecala kuncike sokugweba elihambisana ngokwezinga esiphezulu kanye nohlobo ukoniwa. Ngokwesibonelo, Iinjamiso ezitholakala Ingxenye 1 of Art. 213 we Criminal Code, inikeza ngomoni inhlangano nesibopho noma inhlawulo, noma ispravrabot noma ukuboshwa.

Ezinye izinhlobo unswinyo

Ngaphezu kwalezi, futhi linengqondo kakhulu ukubalula ngisho izinhlobo ezinjalo lwezijeziso emthethweni lobugebengu - Ticukatsilwati ezuziwe. Ngokuqondene wangaphambili, idatha musa ukusungula unswinyo isijeziso ngenxa langokuthunywa tort efanele, futhi liqukethe ireferensi kokugunyazwa iyiphi enye sihloko yomthetho lobugebengu. Okwamanje, lolu hlobo isijeziso umthetho lobugebengu wamanje alisetshenziswa.

Izinhlawulo okubhekiselwe ezuziwe, ukusungula kungenzeka yokusebenzisa nendaba icala futhi ngaphandle umongo kanye isigwebo ezengeziwe ezindinganisweni zeBhayibheli, kungaba saziso noma ozikhethela. Ngokwesibonelo, lowo okonile uyokhokhiswa isihloko isijeziso ezihilela bokuhlukaniswa inkululeko zokugcina isikhathi esithile ngenkathi bokuhlukaniswa ilungelo ukubamba inani elithile okuthunyelwe ngaphakathi nenombolo ye ohambelana iminyaka.

Ngakho, sicabangisisa ngazo zonke ezihlukahlukene ngenhla lwezijeziso, ezisetshenziswa umthetho lobugebengu yesimanje, kungabonwa ukuthi yokugcina, ukuba ithuluzi wesi zomthetho, zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okwenele izintshisekelo zomphakathi esidlangalaleni kanye siqu kusuka zonke izinhlobo ukuhlaselwa lobugebengu, kanye ukuqinisekisa kwesiphetho isijeziso ngesikhathi nokugcina izimiso kusemthethweni nobulungisa.