Soviet Cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: Biography, izithombe

cosmonautics Russian uyazi inombolo enkulu ubuntu evelele. Kodwa phakathi kwabo kuyinto Soviet Cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Okokuqala, yena waziwa ngokuba umuntu wokuqala wayengesabi ukuya emkhathini. Lokhu Cosmonaut ezidumile Leonov. Biography lokhu ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo kuyoba ekhulunywe yethu.

Nokuzalwa nokukhula

Esikhathini eKemerovo esifundeni, indawo yakwa-okuyinto ke kwakungekaNkulunkulu onqenqemeni West-laseSiberia, kudabuka khona Cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Usuku lokuzalwa - Meyi 30, 1934. Abazali bakhe, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov futhi Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, ngaphandle Alyosha encane ephakanyiswe nezinye izingane eziyisikhombisa.

Lapho uLindani wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, umndeni wakhe babedingisiwe. Ubaba waya esikhungweni avelelwe, futhi unina nengane waphoqeleka ukuthuthela eKemerovo, njengoba indlu yabo empeleni inikezwe yokuphangwa. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili uyise ukuthi avuselelwe.

EKemerovo A. A. Leonov waya esikoleni, kodwa ngo-1947 umkhaya, ngokuqondene ushintsho endaweni yokusebenza umondli, waphoqeleka ukuba bathuthele Kaliningrad. Kuyinto kuleli dolobha ye-astronaut enkulu yesikhathi esizayo imfundo yesibili.

Kusukela zisencane, A. A. Leonov wayephuphe career empini, ngakho ngemva kokwamukela diploma esikoleni esiphakeme (1953) engena Military Aviation School, okuyinto wathola iziqu ngempumelelo ngo-1955. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wayesekwazi iziqu eSikoleni sephrofayela elihambisana.

ukuthuthukiswa Space

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingxenye kwekhulu 50s kanye 60s XX yesibili nesikhathi okusheshayo ukuthuthukiswa isikhala. Ngo-1957, i-yokufakelwa Earth satellite naye iSoviet Union yaqala. inja Laika - Ngawo lowo nyaka endizeni lokuqala ophilayo isidalwa wafakwa orbit. Zonke nakakhulu kuba mbuzo kungenzeka flying esikhaleni womuntu.

Ngo-1960, iSoviet Air Force wenza ukukhethwa neqembu lokuqala zezinkanyezi, esasihlanganisa pilot abaqeqeshiwe 20. Kuyinto kusukela phakathi amalungu aleli qembu kwakhiwa iqembu lokuqala Soviet isikhala lokuyoshumayela. Kulesi uyakufanelekela kakhulu amabili ishayise A. A. Leonov. Ngaphandle kwakhe, esikwatini kwaba German titov, Dmitry Zaikin, uPavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev kanye nabanye abashayeli bezindiza abaningi abadumile. Ilungelo lokuba Cosmonaut lokuqala Yuri Gagarin wanikezwa. Ngo-April 1961, imikhumbi-mkhathi "Vostok-1", wenza ngendiza yokuqala esemkhathini.

Kusukela ngo-1961 kuya ku-1964, indiza emkhathini ezenziwe futhi titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky futhi Komarov. Amatilosi uVladimir Komarov, ofike ngendiza ngo-Okthoba 1964, ngaphezu kumlawuli babegqoka abantu ababili ngaphezulu. ithuba okunjalo akuniké uhlobo olusha multi-mkhathi "Voskhod", owathatha ngemva uchungechunge "East".

Ilinde sako ukuba Cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Photo naye futhi Yuriem Gagarinym kungabonwa ngenhla.

Ukundiza mlando

Entsha isikhala uhambo Kwakuhlelwe ukuba kube maphakathi no-March 1965. Lalinama abantu ababili. Wamiswa umkhuzi Pavel Belyaev nomshayeli - A. A. Leonov. Mission kwakufanele athathe indawo mkhathi multiseater "Voskhod-2", okusho, uma iqhathaniswa nayo inguqulo yokuqala kushintshiwe.

Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi bomkhankaso kwaba ukuqaliswa spacewalks womuntu, futhi wayekubheka njengengxenye Uhlelo Soviet enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.

"Voskhod-2" nge Belyaev futhi Leonov ebhodini wethulwa ngoMashi 18, 1965.

Esikhathini evulekile

Ngemva mkhathi wangena orbit, kwakudingekile ukuba afeze injongo eyinhloko indiza - a spacewalk. Lo msebenzi kwaba ukunquma A. A. Leonov. I-astronaut ngokushesha wathutha ekamelweni yokuvala, okwathi ngemva kwalokho avaliwe gumbi nezisebenzi umkhuzi futhi waqala depressurization yayo. Khona-ke u-Alexei Arkhipovich ushiye airlock futhi ephuma endaweni evulekile. Kuyinto Senzo lonke izwe likwazi makwaziwe A. A. Leonov (astronaut). Photo sokuhlala lakhe evulekile itholakala ngezansi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ngaphandle mkhathi Alexei Arkhipovich wazizwa ukungakhululeki: lokushisa komzimba wakhe wavuka, waqala ngijuluka, kukhuphuke kwenhliziyo Izinga lokuphefumula. Ngo yangaphandle isikhala-astronaut uye wachitha imizuzu angaphezu kwayishumi nambili.

Buyela mkhathi kwakubangelwa obuthile. Ngenxa yokuthi suit isikhala evuvukele kanzima, Leonov kwakunzima ukuthola libuyiselwa airlock. Ngakho - ephula imiyalelo - kwadingeka ukumpintsha ku ikhanda lakhe lezandla zakhe phambili.

kokwehla

mkhathi Landing futhi ephelezelwa ezinye izinto ezenzeka kungazelelwe. Kwadingeka kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngemva umkhumbi uzokwenza ematfuba 17 emhlabeni orbit. Kodwa okokusebenza ingasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, lo "kwelanga-2" kwakufanele ukwimodi yokuzenzela ngemva ematfuba 18.

kokufika ndawo ndawo ehlathini ku Perm esifundeni. Rescue party wakwazi ukuthola mkhathi kuphela ngosuku lwesibili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa ukwehluleka ezishintshayo kokwehla iphutha endaweni unscheduled.

astronaut umsebenzi ephakeme

Ngemva kokuziphatha indiza mlando, kwaholela ekukhishweni umuntu wokuqala yimpumelelo emkhathini, u-Alexei Leonov waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Yena waklonyeliswa umklomelo eliphakeme KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - the "Gold Star" futhi Order of Lenin.

Ngemva kwalokho bese kuze 1969 Leonov okufakayo wathatha ingxenye enkulu ohlelweni Soviet enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Kodwa ngemuva kokufika baseMelika enyangeni kwathiwa ikhishiwe ngokuthi iSoviet Union elahlekile ubuqhawe US ku "uhlanga kwenyanga". Manje, satellite eMhlabeni yemvelo akuyona okunabileko cosmonautics Russian. Nakuba ngesikhathi esisodwa kwakuhlelwe ukuba kube Leonov umuntu wokuqala lawela phezu inyanga.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ngesikhathi esisodwa umsebenzi Alex Arkhipovich wafunda e-Air Force Academy kwezobunjiniyela isiqondiso.

Ngo-1975, Leonov wenza indiza yakhe yesibili isikhala. Manje kwase kuyindodana lowo owayenawe induna crew, okuyinto, ngaphandle kwakhe, bangena V.Kubasov. Ukundiza senziwe endizeni "Soyuz-19" futhi yathatha amalanga angaphezulu kwamahlanu. Ngalesi eviyweni, sake ngaphezulu yaklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union.

Ngo-January 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov kanye nabanye abashayeli bezindiza yesizukulwane sakhe ushiye iqembu zezinkanyezi. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kwaba ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Nokho, waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1991 ukuze kungene isikhundla nesekela. Inhloko CPC. Ngo-1991, ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi olingana uMajor General.

Imisebenzi ku impesheni

Kodwa akulona umuntu onjalo Alexey Arkhipovich ukuhlala lapho sebethathe umhlalaphansi. Kakade 1992, wahola aqinile, wahlanganyela nekutfutfukiswa kwetinhlelo isikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto umeluleki olusemthethweni ukuze eBhodini Labaqondisi ilungu omunye amabhange ngobukhulu Russian.

Alekseya Arhipovicha wokuzilibazisa main okwamanje nokudweba. Kulokhu, liye kuqashelwa ochwepheshe. Leonov uyasebenzisana umculi A. Sokolov, aye co-kwentiwe uchungechunge izitembu zokuposa.

Hhayi ingxenye Alexei Arkhipovich kanye nezombusazwe. Njengamanje uyilungu Supreme Council lenhlangano yangaphandle "United Russia". Kodwa ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa 75th yena mathupha uhalalisele Dmitry Medvedev ekuyi ngesikhathi owaba ngumongameli wase Russia.

umndeni

unkosikazi Alekseya Leonova sika Svetlana Pavlovna kuyinto Dotsenko, owazalwa ngo-1940. Esikhathini esidlule, wasebenza njengoba umhleli endlini ukushicilelwa CPC, futhi manje umhlalaphansi.

Ngo umshado wayenamadodakazi amabili - (. 1967 p) Victoria (. 1961 p) Futhi Oksana. Kodwa Victoria, owayesebenza State University "Sovfraht", washona ngo-1996 ngenxa yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo nge yezinkinga nenyumoniya. Oksana njengamanje usebenzela njengomhumushi.

ukuhlolwa ubuntu

Ngakho, esiye safunda ngabo onjalo ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo emlandweni indlela A. A. Leonov (astronaut). Umlando wakhe kwaba ngempela enkulu: zisencane ebhekene ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu uStalin, futhi umhlalaphansi nokuhlangenwe nakho okumuncu ekulahlekelweni indodakazi yakhe.

Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke ukuphazamiseka nezithiyo, Leonov wakwazi ukuba abe omunye ubuntu edume kakhulu cosmonautics kweSoviet futhi izwe. Nguye ahlonishwe okokuqala ukuya emkhathini. Uma ucabangela indlela ngaleso sikhathi ingeyamakhosi ukukhethwa ukhetho, uma sithobekile kumelwe siqaphele ukuthi aqokelwe emsebenzini onjalo umuntu kumelwe aye izimfanelo siqu ezehlukile ngempela. Futhi ngokunemba lokhu kukhetha Alexei Arkhipovich wazibonakalisa practice.

Inflexibility yomsebenzi wakhe uhlamvu kanzima wabonisa Leonov ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, nalapho futhi, esikhundleni umhlalaphansi, akuphelanga umsebenzi asebenzayo nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle.

Kuyinto abantu abafana A. A. Leonov, Russia uyaziqhenya.