Kubaluleka kanye izigaba yentuthuko ukungqubuzana nomphakathi

Ukuhlala umphakathi akukwazi khulula kuwo. Nakanjani-ke, kwezinye izikhathi kukhona Ukungqubuzana izithakazelo ezidinga ukuxazululwa. Ngakho, liyini ubunjalo ukungqubuzana nomphakathi? Indlela iqala futhi yini esongela? Ukuthi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle nomthelela omuhle? Zonke lezi zinto ezifanele, ngoba lolu hlobo nokuxhumana ngandlela-thile ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu.

Sociology futhi ahlobene wesayensi

Baningi ososayensi amakhono ehlukene ukutadisha ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komuntu. Lokhu Psychology, okuhlanganisa izindawo eziningana, anthropology, ifilosofi, futhi ezomnotho kanye kwabantu. Lesi sakamuva - isayensi ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, selokhu laba ezimele ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX. Futhi uhlola ukuthi kwenzekani kubantu abavamile nsuku zonke - inqubo ekusebenzelaneni kwabo. Noma kunjalo, bonke abanye abantu emphakathini kufanele baxhumane bodwa. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuyenzeka, indlela abantu baziphathe ezimweni ezithile (kusuka umbono yabanye) - zaba isihloko esivelele isithakazelo kwabantu. By the way, naphezu umlando wayo esifushane, lo isayensi iye kwadingeka isikhathi esanele sokuhlakulela kanye fan ezikoleni eziningana nemisinga, abe anaka imihlola sihluke timvo letehlukene. Vzlyad imibono ehlukene futhi uvumele ukwakha isithombe ucishe anokuhambisana, nakuba ucwaningo olunzulu usaqhubeka, ngoba umphakathi uyashintsha, ke waphawula into entsha, kuyilapho abanye asebekhulile futhi lantambama.

ekuxhumaneni komphakathi

Emphakathini lapho indoda njalo uqhubeke ezinye izinqubo ezithinta abantu abaningi. Okwenzeka ekuxhumaneni komphakathi ezihambisana nomunye. Angahlala akuthola inombolo yezici:

• zingabantu neziqinile, okungukuthi, kunenjongo futhi isizathu;
• basuke waveza ngaphandle, okungukuthi, kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kuthabathela ecaleni;
• zingabantu isimo esinjengalesi iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo;
• Ekugcineni, baveza izithakazelo subjective noma izinhloso abawugijimayo.

Inqubo nokuxhumana akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenzeke ngosizo izindlela ngamazwi yokuxhumana, futhi kuhle ukucabangela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine impendulo esivela ngandlela-thile, nakuba zingase zingabonakali njalo. By endleleni, lapha imithetho physics azisebenzi, futhi akuzona zonke izinyathelo kuphakamisa impendulo ethile - ezifana ubuntu babantu.

Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ekuxhumaneni komphakathi: nokubambisana, noma ukubambisana, mncintiswano futhi kungenazo izingxabano. zonke zibe nelungelo esifanayo akhona futhi zenzeka njalo, ngisho noma ongabonakali. Ifomu yokugcina kungabonakala nasemkhakheni amafomu ahlukahlukene kanye ngamanani ahlukene abantu. Futhi ngisho wahlanganyela elithile isayensi ahlukene - Ingxabano. Phela, lolu hlobo nokuxhumana singase sehluke futhi ube yinto ehlukile kakhulu.

izingxabano

Abaningi cishe okungenani kanye empilweni yami ukubonwa ingxabano mbhangqwana, umama amthethise ingane, noma osemusha akafuni ukukhuluma nabazali babo. Lena lomkhuba wokuthi ukufunda kwabantu. tembangave - kuyinto ngezinga eliphakeme ka ephikisayo phakathi kwabantu noma amaqembu, ukulwa emelene nezinzuzo zazo. Leli gama uzile isiRashiya Sisuka olimini lwesiLatin, kulapho kusho "ukushayisana". Ingxabano kwemibono kungathatha indawo ngezindlela ezahlukene, kufanele nezimbangela zabo, imiphumela, njalo njalo. D. Kodwa ukuvela ukungqubuzana social njalo iqala ngamadijithi sokwephulwa kwe subjective noma inhloso amalungelo yothile izithakazelo, elibangela yokusabela. Liyaziphikisa khona njalo, kodwa komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane kokungqubuzana nomphakathi kuyabonakala kuphela uma isimo singasalawuleki.

Kubaluleka kanye nemvelo

Umphakathi wehlukile, futhi izinzuzo zabiwa phakathi kwamalungu ayo hhayi ngokulinganayo. Kuwo wonke umlando, abantu abaningi baye njalo kwakudingeka afune ukuthi indlela ukuhlela ukuphila ukuze konke abemahle, kodwa kuze kube manje yonke imizamo kanjalo kuhlulekile. heterogeneity njalo is kakhulu ezweni yakha isisekelo ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle ezingeni Macro. Ngakho isizathu esiyinhloko kuphambene abukhali, nakho konke okunye is ahlukaniswe ku induku.

Ngokungafani mncintiswano ukuthi kungaba ukungqubuzana udidekile, ukusabela kungavuka oyingozi kakhulu, kuze kube udlame. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenzeke, kodwa inani lezimpi, iziteleka, iziyaluyalu nemiboniso ebonisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinto engathí sina kakhulu.

ngezigaba

Ziningi izinhlobo izingxabano, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka kuye nenqubo esebenzayo. The main ingashiwo yilezi:

• inani iqhaza: yangaphakathi, ekuchumana, intragroup, intergroup, kanye liphambana imvelo yangaphandle;
• e Ububanzi: zendawo, zezwe, international, emhlabeni wonke,
• ubude besikhathi: yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside;
• ku imikhakha yokuphila futhi ngesisekelo kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, usikompilo nenhlalo yabantu, yamaSoviet, umndeni, ezifuywayo, ngokomoya nangokuziphatha, ukusebenza, wezomthetho kanye nokulawulwa;
• ubunjalo nesenzakalo: okuvele ngamabomu;
• ekusetshenzisweni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ubudlova nokuthula;
• on imiphumela: yimpumelelo, kungaphumeleli, eyakhayo futhi elimazayo.

Kusobala ukuthi, abe anaka ukushayisana ethile, kumelwe sikhumbule ngazo zonke lezi zici. Kuphela lokho kuyosisiza ukugqamisa ezinye esicashile, okusho kufihlwe, izimbangela kanye izinqubo, kanye nokuba baqonde indlela ukuxazulula lolo dweshu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusishaya indiva ezinye zazo, ungase ucabangele ezinye izici okuningi.

Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izingxabano esicashile zinzima kakhulu. ngxabano ngeziphansi hhayi kuphela ezakhayo - ufana ibhomu nge indlela imisiwe ezingase zivele ziqhume nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Yingakho kudingeka ngandlela-thile ukuveza umehluko, uma ikhona: inqwaba yabantu ehlukene ngokuvamile liyasiza ukwenza izinqumo ezijulile, okwakuyoholela ukwanelisa zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo.

percolation esiteji

Vele nesikhathi esinzima distancing Ngekudlala indzima ingxabano futhi cabanga okunye, ngoba ukuphikisana abukhali. Nokho, ukubukela kuthabathela ecaleni, ungakwazi kalula ukubona esigabeni eyinhloko ukungqubuzana emphakathini. ngezinye izikhathi abacwaningi ezahlukene ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana inombolo ngokungalingani kubo, kodwa ikakhulu bathi ezine.

1. isimo Oku-ingxabano. Kuyinto okwamanje ngokwako Ukungqubuzana izithakazelo, kodwa isimo nakanjani kuyoholela ke, ukungaboni ngaso phakathi izifundo zivele bese buthelela kancane kancane kwandisa voltage. Khona-ke kukhona umcimbi noma isenzo siba isibangeli okuthiwa, okungukuthi isizathu esenzweni phezulu.
2. Ngqo zishayisane. Isinyathelo yokukhuphuka isuke isebenza kakhulu: amaqembu uxhumana e ngandlela-thile, ukusesha hhayi kuphela ukuthela ukungeneliseki, kodwa futhi indlela ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi izixazululo ahlinzekwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngxabano kuyalimaza. Hhayi njalo wonke amaqembu ukuba impi zithatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, kodwa ngamunye wabo kunendima okuyifezayo. Ngaphandle amaqembu ababili abasizanayo ngqo, ukuba balamuli ngokuvamile kulesigaba kokuphazamisa, noma ukuba balamuli, balima ukuhambisa izinkinga zokuhlala. Kungaphindze kube netikhatsi okubizwa ngokuthi abangobhongoza futhi provocateurs - abantu, uyaqaphela noma cha ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo ukuze eminye kwengxabano ingxabano. Ngokuvamile, umuntu asebenzayo amaqembu azimsekeli.
3. Senxushunxushu. Kufika isikhathi lapho amaqembu baye bazwakalisa zonke izimangalo futhi alungele ukuthola indlela yokuphuma. Kulesi sigaba, inkampani izingxoxo ezakhayo ngenkuthalo futhi ngokuvamile. Nokho, ukuze sithole isixazululo, kudingeka baqaphe kwezinye izimo ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, amaqembu ukuba impi kufanele baqonde izimbangela zalo kweqiniso. Okwesibili, kumelwe babe abaphile nentshisekelo nokubuyisana. Okwesithathu, kudingeka ukuzola, cabanga nokuhloniphana. Ekugcineni, isimo odlule - kangitholi izincomo ezivamile futhi ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo ukhonkolo ukususa ukuphikisana.
4. isikhathi Post-ingxabano. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqala ukuqaliswa zonke izinqumo ezithathiwe ekubuyisaneni. Okwesikhathi esithile amaqembu zona kungenzeka zisalokhu zingenazo kwabangela ukushuba komoya uhlala okubizwa ngokuthi "inzika", kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi konke amuke, nokuhlobana emuva inkambo elinokuthula.

Lezi izigaba yentuthuko ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle ajwayelekile ukuzijayeza konke. Njengomthetho, isikhathi sesibili iyona kakhulu isikhathi-ukudliwa futhi kubuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi uhlangothi olude kakhulu ungeke ukwazi ukuya ingxoxo eyakhayo izinyathelo ezayo. Ukuxabana is some aphange wonke kwemizwelo. Kodwa ekugcineni kuza esigabeni sesithathu.

ukuziphatha amaqhinga

Esikhathini sphere yezenhlalakahle ezimpini ngesilinganiso kukhona njalo. Bangathola endaweni ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ingase ibe mibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma zombili behaving ezingenangqondo futhi Fanning ukuphikisana ezincane izinkinga omkhulu.

Kukhona emihlanu onobuhle main nomphakathi ukuthi abantu benze isimo pre-ukungqubuzana noma yokukhuphuka esiteji. Basuke evamile uhlotshaniswe izilwane, siphawula amagugu efanayo kanye nezifiso. Bonke - ngezindlela ezingafani - kukhona ezakhayo nababonelelayo, kodwa ukukhetha ngamunye wabo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Ngakho, kukhona okuthile esilandelayo esigabeni sokuqala ukungqubuzana kwezenhlalo kanye nentuthuko okwalandela:

1. Kusho (bear). Leli qhinga ihlobene nenye amaqembu umhlatshelo ephelele izithakazelo zakhe. Kulokhu, ngokuya 'bathela "kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisela uzinzo nokuzinza, hhayi ukuzixazulula kuwukuphikisana.
2. Ukuhlehla (impungushe). Lena imodeli kokungathathi hlangothi ngaphezulu, lapho isihloko impikiswano mayelana ebaluleke ngokulinganayo zombili. Lolu hlobo nengxabano kusikisela ukuthi kokubili abaphikisi zifeziwe kuphela ingxenye.
3. Cooperation (isikhova). Le ndlela kuyadingeka uma ebucayini ayikwazi kubhekwe. Kufana engcono, uma ufuna ukubuyela hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuze uqinise ubudlelwane obufanele. Kodwa ifika kuphela labo abazimisele ukuhlehlisa izikhalo eceleni futhi ukucabanga ngokwakhayo.
4. Ukuziba (ufudu). Omunye amaqembu nakanjani bangangiboni evulekile, benethemba lokuthola isixazululo ezimele kwenzinye izingxabano. Ngezinye izikhathi ukusetshenziswa naleli qhinga kuyadingeka ukuze uthole ikhefu futhi unciphise ukucindezeleka.
5. Umncintiswano (shark). Ngokuvamile, iqembu elilodwa unilaterally enquma ukuxazulula inkinga. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona ulwazi olwanele nezincazelo zamakhono.

Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle okuphuma komunye esigabeni kwesinye, imodeli ukuziphatha zingahluka. Inqubo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, futhi ingase ixhomeke endleleni igcina kanjani. Uma amaqembu ayisakwazi ukubhekana bebodwa, kungase kudingeke umlamuleli, okusho umlamuli noma ukulamula umbango.

imiphumela

Ngesizathu esithile, ke lapho ecabanga ukuthi ukushayisana ka timvo letehlukene ongaqhubeki noma yikuphi okuhle. Kodwa akunjalo, ngoba mkhuba ngamunye, njengoba uhlangothi okungekuhle futhi omuhle. Ngakho, kukhona imiphumela tembangave ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuthi omuhle. kudingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• izindlela ezintsha ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene;
• ukuvela ukuqonda amagugu nendlela abheka ngayo izinto abanye;
• ukuqinisa ubudlelwano intercompany uma kuziwa umehluko zangaphandle.

Noma kunjalo, kukhona futhi izici ezingezinhle:

• ukungezwani ukuqinisa;
• ukuphazamiseka ubudlelwane obufanele;
• baphambukisa ukunakwa kude izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ososayensi abaningi awukuqondi ngemiphumela ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle uhlukile. Ngisho isibonelo esisodwa esikhethekile kufanele kubhekwe kuphela esikhathini eside, ucabangela umthelela eside azo zonke izinqumo ezithathiwe. Kodwa, uma kuphakama ukungezwani, ke ngasizathu simbe ezidingekayo. Nakuba lokhu kunzima ukukukholelwa, bekhumbula izibonelo ezimbi izindaba ezaholela ezimpini ezichitha igazi, izibhelu nodlame nokubulawa.

imisebenzi

Indima ukungqubuzana social ilula kangaka njengoba ungase ucabange. Lolu hlobo nokuxhumana ingenye ephumelela kunazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi abaningi, kuba Ukungqubuzana izithakazelo kuyinto mthombo ongashi yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. onobuhle kwezomnotho Enye, nemibuso yezombangazwe, wonke impucuko - futhi zonke ngenxa izingxabano global. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma umehluko emphakathini ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo, futhi kukhona esibucayi oyingozi.

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa ososayensi abaningi yezenhlalakahle bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ekugcineni ezimbili kuphela zimo kungenzeka kwenzeka eziphikisanayo abukhali: wokugoqa kohlelo core noma ukuthola ebucayini noma ukuvumelana. Yonke enye into, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuholela kwelinye lalawa izindlela.

evamile Uma lokhu?

Uma ukhumbule okushiwo ukungqubuzana kwezenhlalo, kuba sobala ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka efomini ekuqaleni has uhlamvu iqiniso. Ngakho, kusukela umbono wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu, ngisho ukungqubuzana evulekile - ngempela uhlobo evamile nokuxhumana.

Inkinga nje wukuthi abantu awanasisekelo futhi ngokuvamile niqhubeke mayelana nemizwa ingayisebenzisa izinjongo zabo, bese esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle ungajahi ngesikhathi yokukhuphuka ngokuphindaphindiwe wabuyela ke. Umgomo kulahleka, awusebenzi zifeza okuhle. Kodwa zifa ukugwema izingxabano, njalo imihlatshelo izithakazelo zabo - okungalungile. Ukuthula, kulesi simo, akudingekile, kwesinye isikhathi kuqakathekile kudingeka bazibonele.