Indlela yokwenza uxhumano HTTPS? Uyini umehluko amasayithi-HTTP noma i-HTTP?

Inethiwekhi yomhlabajikelele yama-imikhonyovu nokuhlala kubaduni nsukuzonke uzama ukweba ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Esikhathini esidlule, indlela ethandwa kakhulu okuthumba ayebhekwa njengengxenye ophathe. Umhlaseli lona udlule ubuyisela indawo yokuqala, futhi idatha kusukela ekuweni umsebenzisi ezandleni zakhe (amaphasiwedi, izinombolo ikhadi, imiyalezo ngasese, nokunye. N.). Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga wadala evikelekile HTTPS uxhumano. Ngakho-ke, indawo abaqondisi ngokuvamile ukhathazekile ukudala kanjani futhi ulungiselele ukuxhumana okuphephile https.

Kuyini HTTPS futhi kungani kudingeka

uxhumano HTTPS ngaphambi uthumele indawo kudingeka ukuba uqonde lokho kusho ukuthini futhi kusebenza kanjani. HTTPS inguqulo eziphephile HTTP (the Isidlulisilwazi Transfer Protocol), idatha ezidingekayo idluliswe kuyo ngenxa Amakhasi (igama isiphequluli, nesinqumo, khona Cookie nokunye. N.).

Ye-HTTP isetshenziswa Onjiniyela ukuthumela nokwamukela eziguquguqukayo, ngaphandle amasayithi protocol ngeke bakwazi ukusebenza. Zonke amafayela adlulisiwe nge-HTTP, ngaphambili lalingabulawa kalula abamba esebenzisa amasayithi inkohliso (bokweba imininingwane ebucayi).

Ngokufanayo, indlela ngaphambilini ukweba amaphasiwedi, amagama wabasebenzisi, izinombolo ikhadi, imiyalezo eyimfihlo, kanye neminye imininingwane ebalulekile. Ukuze sivikele abasebenzisi kusuka ophathe, yasungulwa izitifiketi ze-SSL futhi ngibheka ubuqiniso balo phambi ukushintshana ngolwazi.

Kuyadingeka ukuba zisebenzise i-HTTPS kumawebhusayithi yasebhange noma izitolo inthanethi. Uma lezi zinsiza akuyona isitifiketi esiydijithali, isiphequluli kuzovimba uxhumano, futhi ngeke sibonise isixwayiso ngengozi. Ngenxa yalokho, le site uzolahlekelwa trust abasebenzisi bayo.

Iyini i-SSL / i-TLS isitifiketi

I emisha lomcoka ukusetshenziswa HTTPS Kuphoqelekile digital Isitifiketi se-SSL. Lena ifayela eligcina yonke imininingwane (ikheli le-IP leseva, isayithi izwe, E-mail umnikazi, nokunye. N.). Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we-digital lubhalwe ngemfihlo kusayithi iseva kanye iseva CA (GoDaddy, Comodo m. P.). la mafayela ziqhathanisa futhi uma ziyafana, uxhumano uyaqhubeka ne uxhumano ngamunye. Uma kungenjalo isixwayiso sokuphepha livela.

Abafundi abaningi abazi kanjani ukwenza ukuxhumana okuvikelekile https. Isenzo sokuqala kuzodingeka ukuba uthole isitifiketi SSL kusuka isikhungo omethembayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene yale mibhalo:

• DV - ukuqinisekisa kuphela lesizinda (kumasayithi encane namabhulogi).
• OV - domain kuyahlolwa kanye nenhlangano.
• EV - Extended Ukuqinisekisa (kuzoba khona ibha eluhlaza kanye sokhiye isiphequluli).

Iningi luncanyelwa izitolo kanye namabhange kubhekwe inketho EV. Khona-ke kukhona ukuhluzwa okwengeziwe ngesimo:

• SGC (Sisekela iziphequluli amadala).
• Wildcard (ukwesekwa nezizinda).
• SAN (okunye izizinda isitifiketi esisodwa).
• IDN (kazwelonke ukwesekwa www izizinda).

Ukuze sites kakhulu, ngokwanele ukusebenzisa DV Isitifiketi se-SSL. He is engabizi futhi inikeza isivikelo ekuheheni.

Indlela yokuhumusha isayithi ku ukuxhumana okuphephile

Bayanda abanikazi amabhizinisi inthanethi unesithakazelo kangakanani ukudala ukuxhuma https. Ukuze lezi zenzo kuyodingeka wenze izinguquko ezithile ukuze emakhasini ikhodi hlelo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba babhale i-mthetho ezengeziwe ifayela .htaccess. Umakhiwo ikhodi esetshenziswa ukumisa iseva Web Apache.

Sebawoti iningi web uvumele usebenzisa control panel ukumisa isitifiketi se-SSL seseva. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela ukwenza lokhu, hlola nomhlinzeki nsizakalo wakho. Yonke inqubo indawo yokuhumusha zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. SSL Certificate.
2. Faka isitifiketi on the server.
3. Shintsha nezixhumanisi zangaphakathi kusayithi.
4. Ukusetha kabusha port 301.
5. Ukushintsha Sebawoti robots.txt.

Uma usebenzisa ekhokhelwayo uhlobo ibamba niphendulane ke uxhumane nokwesekwa ngesitifiketi, futhi esinye isinyathelo ukwenza abasebenzi service. Isinyathelo esinzima kakhulu ekuphenduleni umbuzo, indlela yokwenza i-https uxhumano, iwukuba usethe .htaccess Ukuqondisa kabusha, njengoba izikripthi kakhulu musa asize.

Ithola isitifiketi bese uyifake kwi-server

Okwazekayo, thina esiphethweni indlela yokwenza uxhumano https, udlulela senzo. Isinyathelo sokuqala udinga ukuthola isitifiketi SSL kusuka omunye izikhungo abuyekezwa. Kwi-inthanethi ungathola ongakhetha eziningi ezahlukene ezahlukene amanani amabanga. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje ukuthola imibhalo mahhala, kukhona 2 isikhungo:

• WoSign.
• Startssl.

Amanye amasevisi adinga inkokhelo. Inani kuncike hlobo isitifiketi kanye nezici ezengeziwe (ukwesekwa multi-domain ukuze iziphequluli amadala, nokunye. N.) yayo. CAS:

• Reg.ru.
• GoDaddy.
• Hostland.
• Symantec.
• Comodo.
• GlobalSign.
• Thawte.

Futhi, ezinye ukusingathwa inikeza abasebenzisi bayo ne izitifiketi ze-SSL uma uthenge uhlelo oluthile tariff. On indawo imininingwane isitifiketi ukupenda izenzo ezidingekayo. Kodwa yonke le nqubo siqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Generation isicelo CSR;
• ikheli ukugcwaliswa indawo (admin @ [ikheli lesayithi]);
• ugcwalise ulwazi mayelana umnikazi we-domain (I-EV futhi OV idokhumenti).

CSR Isicelo sihlanganisa ulwazi olujwayelekile ukuqinisekisa (igama lesizinda, inhlangano, idolobha, isifunda noma izwe). Ngemva kokugcwalisa ulwazi umsebenzisi uthola ikhodi 2 (ukhiye eyimfihlo futhi CSR Ikhodi), uqiniseka ziwagcina umbhalo oseceleni. Thumela le khodi ukuthola isitifiketi SSL, bese ulinda ayiswe yakhe kusukela maphakathi.

Manje uye kuwebhusayithi ukusingathwa futhi ukucinga «SSL isitifiketi" sigaba, noma uthintane nobambiswano. It liyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi ikhodi CSR, ukhiye wangasese kanye nesitifiketi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ushintshele ku-SSL ukusekelwa usokhaya webhu panel.

Kanjani ukwakha https uxhumano njalonjalo

Sebehambise ifayela on the server, udinga ukuqhuba ukucushwa yangaphakathi isayithi. Udinga ukusetha i-Ukuqondisa kabusha futhi ushintshe yonke nezixhumanisi zangaphakathi kusuka ngokuphelele esihlotsheni.

Okungukuthi, esikhundleni http://site.ru/img/bg.png isethi: //site.ru/img/bg.png.

Kumele asuswe amagama HTTP isixhumanisi. Uma ungabaza, shayela akho WEB-Unicode noma ngezokuvakasha, uyashesha ukumisa. Funa izinkomba kungaba ngokusebenzisa umhleli ikhodi ifayela ngalinye, noma ukuthola lonke ulwazi ngokusebenzisa usesho phpmyadmin.

Emva kokuhlela izixhumanisi udinga ukucacisa yelucwaningo yoshintsho. Vula robots.txt ifayela futhi umugqa Usokhaya: HTTP bebeke HTTP.

Kunalokho http://example.ru faka: https://example.ru.

Ngemva kokushintsha ifayela yokusesha ilungiselelwe ukuqondisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalela isayithi HTTP HTTP. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, hlola ukutholakala isayithi HTTP olandelwayo. Uma zonke izinyathelo zangaphambilini seziqedile kahle, iphutha akufanele kwenzeke.

Ukuqondisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ukuxhumana okuphephile, ufaka lo ngekuhlukanisa ifayela .htacess usizo:

RewriteEngine ku

% RewriteCond {HTTP: X-odlulisiwe-Proto} https!

RewriteRule ^-https: //% {HTTP_HOST}% {REQUEST_URI} [L, R = 301, NE]

Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela akusebenzi. Kulezi zimo, sicela uthintane nomqondisi wakho ibamba, uyokwazi ukwenza izinhlelo ezifanele. Liqondise kabusha iqala egijima emva kabusha iseva, ngokuvamile phakathi namahora angu-24.

Futhi udinga ukushintsha izilungiselelo umphathi wewebhusayithi iphaneli "Yandex" noma i-Google. Kuyadingeka ngaphansi nangenkomba izilungiselelo ofinyelela eqophelweni kwesibuko eyinhloko bese ufake HTTP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka sithuthele:

• sitemap.xml;
• ukukhishwa URL;
• geolocation;
• Ukuxhunyaniswa Disawov Ithuluzi le-Google.

It ke uhlala ukulinda reindexing. Phakathi nale nkathi, umsebenzi kusayithi kuyehla, kodwa ke uhlaliseke.

Indlela yokwenza i-https uxhumano WordPress

Amabhulogi Modern futhi inthanethi ikakhulukazi ukusebenza WordPress, ngabo ukuya https kudingeka ukumhlinza efanayo (ukuze uthole isitifiketi, ushintsho izixhumanisi nokunye. N.). Kodwa babe iqoqo esakhelwe izijobelelo ukuthi bazocula zonke izenzo kumnikazi:

• lula HTTPS Ukuqondisa kabusha;
• HTTPS (SSL).

Eyokuqala ingena esikhundleni izinkomba, kanti owesibili ikuvumela ukuba ucacise isitifiketi SSL. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye ku Izilungiselelo> Jikelele. Lapha udinga ukushintsha i-URL futhi ucacise olandelwayo HTTP. Qinisekisa ukuthi Amakhasi ubudala futhi babe ukuxhumana okuphephile. Ngemva ekushintsheni ukulungiselelwa izixhumanisi ukwenza Ukuqondisa kabusha futhi ushintshe ifayela lakho robots.txt.

Kufanele lisaba umbuzo ophakamayo indlela yokukwenza https uxhumano esizeni. On Sebawoti iningi web ukufaka umbuso zokuzivikela akudingeki kuphela ubhalele ukwesekwa. Bayoba liqoke onguchwepheshe, futhi ngeke enze nesibekandzaba.