Ancient Russia: nezingubo. Nezingubo eRussia: abesifazane, amadoda, izingane

Izazimlando ziye akavumelananga sendlela bheka Russian lwamaSlav inkathi izingubo, njengoba ngaleso sikhathi izizwe wahlala ikakhulu kude yemizila yohwebo, ngokuvamile ehlathini sezwe nesizungu. Nokho, kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi izingubo ngaleso sikhathi babeqinile elula kunalokho okuyisidina. Lesi sakamuva kubangelwa yokuthi cottage umkhakha izindwangu kwaba ngaleso sikhathi isikhathi esiningi kakhulu, njengoba kwakungekho cishe akukho izindlela lobuchwepheshe womshini ikhabethe izinto.

Mayelana izingubo lasendulo wahlala ukwaziswa okuncane

Umphakathi kufanele ufundiswe sidilizwa Rus labantu izingubo okufanelekile nakulokho wehlukile kuze kufike ukuxhumana nabanye abantu, waqala ukuthatha ukuma lesishiyagalolunye AD leminyaka. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, idatha mayelana nokubonakala lwamaSlav sakugcina njengoba izinto ikhabethe ababengamaphayona ngaleso sikhathi bangena esakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo, izinsalela organic ezingavikelekile agcinwe isikhathi eside. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi e-AD 6-9 ekhulwini ngesikhathi Slav kwakuyinkambiso ukuba ashise umzimba ngaphambi yokungcwaba, kanjalo amangcwaba abangazazi izinsalela elicibilikile metal imihlobiso noma izinto zokugqoka. Abavubukuli izikhathi lucky ambalwa nje lapho, isibonelo, lapho bemba Elidala Ladoga athole izinsalela isikhumba ukuthi uyobuyisela ukubukeka amagilavu kanye amabhuzu efana, amasokisi amade, esigqokwa okhokho bethu.

Le mpi ibhulukwe efanayo

Emibhalweni yezinye izizwe futhi ebhaliwe kuze 10th AD leminyaka, akukho lapho kukhulunywa kanjani ukubheka Slavic futhi izingubo Russian. Lokhu angithi kulotshiwe futhi abalobi eByzantium, noma imithombo Arab. Kuphela P. Kesarsky ezishiwo ngekhulu lesithupha lwamaSlav (ezivela aseBalkan) ubususiya empini efanayo isitayela ibhulukwe mfushane, ngaphandle zikhalele noma ingubo phezulu. Kamuva, lapho lwamaSlav wathola okuhlukile entsha zolimi olubhalwayo, ososayensi ngesisekelo imithombo ebhalwe nethuba ukuthola indlela bheka kahle ngaleso sikhathi abantu, okungenani ovelele kakhulu kubo.

AmaKhosi egqoka ihembe

Zazinjani lezi ngaphansi kokuphatha kukabani iyona Rus lasendulo? Nezingubo Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych esithombeni e Izbornik 1073, has a cut elula. Kuyinto eside, ngezansi kwedolo, ihembe, okuyinto nolwelwe phezu elingenamikhono phezulu nge uziphu ehlombe. Enhloko isigqoko phezu kwesikhulu, mhlawumbe nge noboya ke Ukunquma on the imilenze amabhuzu pointy. Amalungu omndeni wakhe, yayimi eduze, ukugqoka ihembe ahlanganiswe amabhande. Inkosikazi Svyatoslav ihembe cishe phansi, ikhanda lakhe isikhafu. izingubo zezingane kwi ingane encane ikhophi amancane omdala. amadodana Yaroslav sika egqoka ukufana amajazi nge ezinjengenyanga, futhi cishe, babe okubizwa ngokuthi "izimbobo" - kunalokho ibhulukwe ewumngcingo ngogubhu phezu okhalweni. Ishadi Lezingubo Engingazigqoka izinto esithombeni zipendwe ithoni iba nsundu ngokubomvu.

Nezingubo senziwe uhlaka lokweluka indwangu

Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi izingubo ukukhanya Kiev Rus e isisindo salo kwaba mhlophe, kusukela ezikhathini komlando Slavic ikhabethe izinto ikhiqizwa Ifilakisi Hemp Imicu yotshani okwanika emhlophe (lemicu empunga elinamathela othini noma lapho amakhorali enganele). Kakade namakhulu eminyaka 6-9 izizwe zakwa-Northern Russia ukuthi yini le uhlaka lokweluka indwangu ohlobo mpo, naseningizimu, nangasogwini lolwandle wathola izinto okuqondene ubudala 9-10 owafakaza mayelana ithuba ukusebenza uhlaka lokweluka indwangu ovundlile.

Ngaphezu lelineni Hemp izindwangu, amaSlav ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa noboya, izinsalela lapho ezatholakala izindunduma yokungcwaba East. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa izici zezulu ukuthandwa omkhulu wajabulela noboya izingubo. Abathungi wesikhathi kakade unekhono awahlanganise ndawonye izikhumba amaningi izinto ezinkulu. Ukuze "elingenamikhono" izikhumba impisi zazivame, amabhere, izimvu, yokuqedela (ulwelwesi) owenziwe Sable, Otter, beaver, squirrel, uchakide, marten. Yiqiniso, e uboya ezibizayo wahamba kuphela amalungu asebukhosini. ERussia, bakwazi ukusingatha izilwane ezahlukene kanye isikhumba (izakhi ukushuka isitshalo, njll ..), Ngakho izingubo amadoda BakaJehova eRussia kuhlanganisiwe ithanga amabhande, amagilavu kanye lesikhumba izicathulo (kwabanye amalungu labantu). LwamaSlav babevame ukugqoka isikhumba kusukela izikhumba izinkomo noma izimbuzi kuka kusukela ihhashi efihla.

Ngisho kubanda kungenzeka bagqoke nezimbadada

Lokho okwakulotshwe ngo-zigqokiswe Rus Lasendulo? Izingubo esakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo, iningi labantu lapha nenkathi ebandayo ... kulekelelwa izicathulo Bast futhi Windings phezu imilenze, okuyizinto uhlobo oludala kunazo zonke izinhlobo nezicathulo (ehlobo kungenzeka bahambe bengafake zicathulo). izingwegwe okubalulekile beluka abavubukuli Bast uzophelelwa indawo Neolithic, ngakho cishe, lezi onobuhle babe lwamaSlav futhi lwamaSlav lasendulo. Lapti bhila njengoba kulindeleke emagxolweni izihlahla ehlukahlukene babe neiznosostoykimi kakhulu. Ngezinye Mayelana nokwenzeka kamuva, kwatholakala ukuthi le ndoda othwala izimbadada ebusika izinsuku eziyishumi, futhi phakathi nenkathi yokuvuna ehlobo - esingaphansi kwesonto. Noma kunjalo, ngo nezicathulo enjalo bamasha ngisho iRed Army in the 30s yekhulu lama-20, futhi workpiece Bast izinjongo lempi yizitho ikomiti ekhethekile - "Chekvolap".

Ethempelini - kuphela izingubo Slavic!

LwamaSlav, okuyinto lalihlala ERussia yasendulo (izingubo nezicathulo ukuthi musa ihluke ibanga elikhulu), kodwa kwenhlonipho ikhabethe yayo elula. Ngokwesibonelo, e "uLizwi Danily Zatochnika" kushiwo ukuthi "kungaba ngcono sesibonile unyawo lwakhe lychenitse (Bast) ekhaya lakho kunasedolobheni amabhuzu amnyama ebomvu Boyarsky Dvor". Futhi umholi we-Czech lwamaSlav ngokwayo Eqinisweni eyaziwa ukuthi akazange ake kuye edilini lomshado emva German King Dagobert, aze lwaguqulelwa izingubo Slavic. Zabulawa ezehlela omele umbhishobhi sika, isiJalimane Gerimanna ukuthi ngaphambi ukuvakashela ethempelini edolobheni Triglav bristle, kwase kushintshile esifubeni Slavic futhi isigqoko (1124 BC. E.).

Abesifazane nginithandile imigexo njalo

Mayelana olufana izingubo zabesifazane eRussia ekuqaleni ekuzalweni wekuba sive isiRashiya, abavubukuli bakuthola kunzima ukusho. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isitayela akusiyo ihluke kakhulu kwethi ihembe madoda, kodwa mhlawumbe ngokucebile ngaphezulu efekethisiwe futhi isikhathi eside. Ekhanda besifazane babengoFakazi prototypes of corbel, izindandatho yesikhashana entanyeni - ngokuvamile okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza glass ubuhlalu. Ngaphansi common namasongo, nezindandatho. Ebusika, ladies egqoka noboya amajazi kanye capes ngogubhu, ezifana amaphinifa - "ponyavy" oluvikela umzimba ephansi emuva futhi izinhlangothi. Ukuba khona kwabo silotshwe 11 AD leminyaka.

Ithonya nezinye izifundazwe

Njengoba oxhumana ikhula phakathi kwamanye amazwe kanye zithi Rus Lasendulo, izingubo lwamaSlav baba wehlukile ngendwangu entsha, izitayela zokuthwebula, umdwebo kanye division of umphakathi zibe ugqinsi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, e-pre-Mongolian Russia (yobudala 10-13) Ukubukeka azi Russian WaseByzantium ngaphezulu kwakuhambisana amasiko abo eside egeleza shirts, amajazi nge izinkintsho. Futhi abantu abavamile, e abesifazane ikakhulukazi, kule mikhuba egqanyisiwe "iphinifa" - ucezu elula ngezidwedwe, agobe, imbobo i kwekhanda, wagqoka ihembe eziyisisekelo futhi ziboshwe (ezinkulu side ngesikhathi iphinifa wayengekho). Ngamaholide ladies babe "navershniki" indwangu efekethisiwe, okuyinto iphinifa esigqokwa phezu ihembe noma amabhantshi futhi amelwe ngaphandle ibhande ezinemikhono ububanzi. Cishe zonke izingubo we Kievan Rus ezigugile ekhanda kwadingeka collar sakhe (kwakungamanga).

Nezingubo Mongol amaqhawe

Tatar-amaMongol ahlasele kushiya kwemali ethile emkhakheni isiko ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala ezathonya indlela lokho kwaba izingubo eRussia ngekhulu esilandelayo. izinto eziningi ikhabethe amasosha-Mongolian babesesemizini amadoda isiRashiya, kuhlanganise amabhuzu nge wawungathi amasokisi amade ne earflaps isigqoko, ijazi ezimbili zamatshe noboya (bangaphandle zangaphakathi), elingenamikhono bloomers sika, skullcap (tafi), amabhande endwangu, amabhande kanye nabanye.

Izingubo ezahlukene kusukela izingubo eMoscow Rus Kievan Rus?

Nezingubo kwekhulu le-15 lapho ijoka Tatar-Mongol lanqotshwa, futhi Russia baba lo ubukhulu eMoscow, kushintshile ngokuhambisana ubudala, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa boyars, nabakhulu bendawo. Kule nkathi, suit azigcina izici eziyisisekelo suit ye Kievan Rus - ihembe nezimbobo amadoda neotreznoy usike ikhabethe izinto, eside, kodwa kukhona izimpawu fashion entsha. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, singasho sithi khona cloakrooms zivuleka izingubo. Ngo abesifazane, ke unzips kuya phansi ngoba amadoda - kwesingezansi bese sasithola ngokokuqala ukuyona "Butt" lokuqala esebenzisa izikhonkwane lomnyango. Kamuva walibumba efanele kusukela phansi phezulu kwesobunxele, ngenxa lula fasteners esinjalo izimpi amadoda saber.

imikhono Inkohliso futhi efekethisiwe ngegolide

Babalelwa ku le nkathi, kukhona izakhi non-ukusebenza izingubo yezikhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa Uhlaka multi-ukusonga ezinjengenyanga futhi imikhono, okuyinto, isibonelo ku ohabne, likhulekiwe emuva, egcizelela yokuthi umnikazi we izingubo engakathenjiswa umshado e onzima. Isicebi ungakwazi ukugqoka izingqimba ambalwa izingubo, ngisho isizini ashisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhabethe izinto zazivame abethela ngokuphelele Ukuvalwa. Lesi sakamuva kwaholela yokuthi izingubo eziningi izinto zokuhloba ezingeni, kuhlanganise umhlobiso amapharele, namatshe anenani, umsebenzi womfekethisi zegolide nezesiliva wire, izinkinobho ezenziwe ngegolide, isiliva, koqweqwe lwawo namatshe ayigugu.

Kwaba ikhabethe Russian ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi izinto okungase ukugcizelela abanye noma ezinye izakhiwo ukuma. Lezi zihlanganisa isikhwama okhalweni esikhwameni ( "Kalita"), lapho amasosha okhalweni nge sibalo sabasincane boyars - ku okhalweni nge ukugqagqana abalulekile izingubo, ngoba ukugcwala kule ndawo bewazisa kakhulu kakhulu njengophawu lokuthi ukuphila ngokugcwele.

Bekubukeka sengathi isikhathi gqoka zezingane, YaseMoscow Russia - alaziwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu futhi kwaba ikhophi lula models omdala. Kodwa imfashini ladies 'izibonakaliso isikhathi faka abaculi abaningi ukudala yobuciko amahle (Korovin, Repin, Surikov). Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni wonke ikhabethe futhi walala ihembe, enwetshiwe phansi ngenxa amagejambazo (ububanzi akwazi ukuxoxa phansi kufika ku-6 metres!). It senziwa zikakotini noma usilika izindwangu (abantu abavamile - futhi kusukela yefilakisi) futhi eqoqwe ngentamo.

Isudi imfashini ... enesisindo e- 15 amakhilogramu

Eminyakeni ihembe ukuthi ezigugile sundress Brightcloth efekethisiwe izindwangu nge umugqa mpo phakathi, esiqhutshwa ku emincane ngokuvamile kuhlobene ne ezizibeni nangaphansi webele. izingubo eziphezulu zabesifazane ngekhulu le-16, eRussia yayimelelwe "dushegreya" izindwangu olunothile nazo zithathelwa emahlombe ukuwuthukulula. Ezinsukwini YaseMoscow Russia izintokazi baqhubeka ukugqoka izingubo ezindala izakhi -. Skirt, iphinifa, iphinifa, njll Abameleli emikhayeni ekhomba ngophakathi egqoka "Letnik", ngokuvamile bamfaka umgexo-beaver collar, telogreyu noboya. Kusukela izigqoko udumo wajabulela "khahlela" - embozwe ukugoqa ngendwangu kokoshnik, ebusika - cap ngombala. izingubo noblewoman zicishe njalo nepritalennymi ithungwe ngendwangu abizayo nge embroideries eziningi, futhi isisindo sazo ongafinyelela kufika ku-15 amakhilogremu. Kulesi lady ngemvunulo kwaba static, ngezinga elithile, sibalo ngokwengxenye omkhulukazi, okuhambelana imfashini kanye nemithetho ukuziphatha isikhathi.

izingubo ngekhulu le-17 e-Russia ngokuvamile kwakunjani izingubo eminyaka eyedlule, kodwa kwakukhona abanye izingxenye ezintsha. Lezi zihlanganisa engena imikhono vogue ububanzi, puckered ngesikhathi esihlakaleni isambatho zabesifazane, shushunov okwandile - sundresses, lapho ezingemuva ithungwe inkohliso imikhono ezimbili ezinde. Izazi-mlando ziye zaphawula ukuthi kusukela ngekhulu le-17 kufika imfashini ngokokuhlobisa strip umphetho sundress futhi ukunyamalala yayo kusukela ngaphambili indwangu. imfashini Foreign Rus ngalesi sikhathi ukhathazekile ukuthandwa kancane wajabulela izindwangu ezintsha kuphela izakhi ngabanye, ezifana elingenamikhono Polish. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umphakathi isiRashiya uphikisa ukwethulwa uPeter Omkhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, "German" imfashini, njengoba kuhlongozwa izingubo, zezinwele zokuphila alihambisani eminyaka ubudala ngendlela kanye nezindlela ezilandelwayo izingubo Russian.