Muscovy nezikhulu zakhe kuqala

Ngo 1147, ngokokuqala ngqa ezishiwo yemicimbi yemihla eMoscow. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ifa Prince Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Ekhulwini le-12, iMoscow yayingenye encane edolobheni-inqaba. Kube ngaleso sikhathi umngcele principalities 4: Smolensk, Ryazan, uVladimir futhi Suzdal futhi Chernigov. It kwaba nezihibe. Indawo ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo 4 principalities wenza "thoroughfare" wakhe phakathi imikhankaso yezempi wezikhulu. Ngakho-ke, indima ebalulekile kunikezwa eqinisa umuzi. Ngakho, ngo-1156-dolobha samanje Russia buye baqina enezindonga entsha lokhuni. Maphakathi nekhulu le-12, idolobha Nokho waba ngobukhulu, matasa insimu hhayi ngaphezu kwesigamu ezibiyele lanamuhla. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ubukhulu eMoscow wayengekho abazimele. Kwaba liyingxenye yezwe uVladimir-Suzdal.

Muscovites waba nengxenye izimpi internecine. Ngo 1170 basekela abafowabo A. Bogolyubsky ngokumelene Jaropolk isinyathelo ukuyokudla insimu yabo. Lapho ezwa ukuthi impi yahanjelwa eMoscow, Yaroslav waphoqeleka ukuba ngibuyele emuva ngingahambi. Ngenxa yalesi, ngonyaka olandelayo, lo muzi washiswa.

Ngo 1238, eMoscow labhujiswa zidlamlilo. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, waqhubeka ukujabulela idumela umphetho ephephile.

Prince of eMoscow ngo 1250 kwaba Alexander saseNevsky, ngubani washiyela ke indodana yakhe Daniel ubukhulu. Kwaphela isikhathi eside lo mfana ngaphansi eqeqeshwa bomfowabo kayise. iminyaka engu-10 kamuva, uDaniyeli waba isikhulu eMoscow, ngaleyo ndlela wabeka isisekelo izikhulu eMoscow komugqa.

Imingcele lemfundvo yesive zisezincane. Njengengxenye kwakukhona amabili kuphela emadolobheni amakhulu Zvenigorod naseMoscow. Futhi kwakukhona 3 izigodi: Radonezh, Ruza futhi Przemysl.

Naphezu kobungako nobuningi bayo amancane, ubukhulu eMoscow kakade ngekhulu le-14, ngeke sithi enjalo emadolobheni amakhulu njengo Tver. Ngalo lelo khulu leminyaka ke baqala ngenkuthalo ngokujoyina nezinye izifunda of Russia.

Ngokufuduka sabantu kusukela Murom, Rostov, uVladimir ngenxa kuphangwa we AmaTatar wenza Muscovy omunye enabantu abaningi. Lokhu kwenza ukuba isimo avuke.

Ukuvulwa kuyo imizila yohwebo yokuxhuma Lithuania nePoland kanye Polotsk, Smolensk, East wasivumela ukuba Muscovy intuthuko yomnotho.

Ibanga ukusuka Lithuanian AmaTatar futhi wadlala indima ethile ebhayisikobho ukuqiniswa kwethonya edolobheni ekhulwini le-14.

Izikhulu lokuqala eMoscow

Ngukhokho izikhulu umugqa kubhekwa Daniil Aleksandrovich. Ngo 1263, wathola kuyise, Aleksandra Nevskogo, eyifa, okuyinto emva kwesikhashana awuthwala igama "Muscovy". Lapho Daniil ubuyekezwe ezibiyele, eyasungulwa St Danilov Monastery, wakha ibandla. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia zanamuhla ubani oye kwelulwe kakhulu imingcele futhi kwaqinisa isikhundla salo.

Ngemva kokufa Daniel Alexandrovich umhlaba wadlulela indodana yakhe endala - Yuri Danilovich, ubani ngemva kokufa isikhulu Tver iwine unelungelo ubukhulu Vladimir. Lapho Yuri eMoscow enwetshiwe kwemingcele yayo: e 1303 futhi yayinqoba Kolomna Mozhaisk.

Ngemva ukubulala ka Yuri Danilovich Duchy of eMoscow lidlule kumfowabo - Ivan Kalita. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe enamathiselwe Yaropolch, uVladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Bogolyubovo, Pereslavl-Zaleski. Nge kokubusa kwakhe, begodu Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral of kweNyuka, oki ezibiyele ezakhiwa.

Kalita kwaba owalandela uSimeyoni le Proud. Yena subordinated izikhulu ngobala baziphathe imperiously, ukwandisa umhlaba imingcele eMoscow. Ngenxa omjwayele nokuthi ubungane Khan iGolden zidlamlilo, oSimeyoni enikeziwe ukuphila okunokuthula esimweni yabo.

Zonke izikhulu eMoscow ezenziwe izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuthuthukisa ithonya ubukhulu eMoscow futhi bandise imingcele yayo. Kodwa mhlawumbe elikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wenza Daniil Aleksandrovich, owaqala ukunamathisela ezweni, endaweni entsha.