Nestor Makhno: Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Nestor Makhno, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ngisafuna mlando - legend of kulwiwa. Lokhu sangena umlando njengoba Makhno, ngakho nje amaphepha asayinwe eziningi ezibalulekile. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila umholi ukunyakaza anarchist, uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

Nestor Makhno: Biography, umndeni

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izenzakalo predetermined isiphetho legend of kulwiwa, kuyafaneleka ukunaka eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila ngumholi we izidlamlilo.

Mahno Nestor Ivanovich, Biography iDemo okuzokwenziwa okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, wazalelwa emzaneni othiwa Gulyaypole, manje itholakala Zaporizhia esifundeni, futhi ngaphambilini kwaba sifundazwe Ekaterinoslav.

Umholi esizayo amavukelambuso ongumlimi wazalwa Novemba 7, 1888 emkhayeni Ivana Rodionovicha umalusi emizi Evdokia Matreevny. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama langempela lomuntu iqhawe lethu povestovaniya - Mikhnenko.

Abazali balo mfana, ukukhulisa izingane 5, zakwazi ukunikeza imfundo enzalweni yabo. Nestor iziqu isikole sezenkolo, nge iminyaka eyisikhombisa kakade kubole bakule ndawo, ababe acebile. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, wasebenza phezu ukusebenza yensimbi Foundry.

Qala inguquko

Nestor Makhno, ogama biography zaqala ukushintsha kakhulu nge ekuqaleni inguquko, ngo-1905, ungeniswe iqembu anarchist oye wazibonakalisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze kubonwe nobudlova bamaqembu ezigilamkhuba kanye nokusebenza amaphekula.

Kwelinye itholene phezulu namabutho amaphoyisa abulala Nestor esitokisini oda. Lowo okonile wabanjwa, futhi ubugebengu enjalo kwakwakhiwa isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Nestor wasinda ukuthi kuphela ngesikhathi kwecala, engufanayana ezincane. isigwebo sokufa sashintshwa kwaba iminyaka engu-10 kanzima.

Lowo okonile esincane sasikanye e Butyrskaya.

Isikhathi engachithwanga ngeze

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Nestor Makhno, ogama biography lithole esiyindilinga entsha isikhathi esichithekayo ejele akazange alahlekelwe. Yena ngenkuthalo laqala ukwenza self-imfundo. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela hhayi kuphela ukuxoxa neziboshwa sobudala, kodwa futhi umtapo ocebile ngesikhathi sokuqondisa izigwegwe.

Lapho injected etilongweni a kumuntu osonile abasha anxenxa kuzo seziboshwa ezidonsa isigwebo ngenxa yezombusazwe. Izidlamlilo zifakwe umbuthano kweziboshwa ekugcineni ezimise isimo sakhe sengqondo kuya umbono ngekusasa yezwe.

ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe,

I Februwari Revolution-1917 ngonyaka wasiza Nestor adedelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebesibekiwe. Eshukunyiswa lwazi aluthola, Makhno wathumela ezweni lakubo, lapho ngokushesha wahola Committee Londoloza Revolution.

Ngokusho vocations amalungu eKomiti, abalimi kwadingeka ukuziba zonke oda we Yesikhashana Uhulumeni ngokuphelele. Baye futhi uqaliwe esinqumweni phezu ukwahlukaniswa komhlaba phakathi abalimi.

Naphezu izinyathelo ezingenhla, October Revolution, Makhno wathatha bedidekile, ngoba ekholelwa KwamaBolshevik uhulumeni anti-ongumlimi.

Yimpi Military: ngubani iwina?

Lapho ngo-1918 ye-Ukraine ilawulwa amaJalimane, inhloko yabangamashumi izidlamlilo eholwa amasosha ayo eyisihlubuki, walwa abahlali German futhi uphikisana nohulumeni Ukrainian, eyayiholwa Hetman Skoropadsky.

Ukuba ukunyakaza umholi wamavukela mbuso, Nestor Makhno, ogama biography isiqala ukuba ikhule ibe amaqiniso ezintsha nezithakazelisayo, lavuselelwa okukhulu kubalimi.

Ngemuva kokuwa Skoropadsky amandla, esikhundleni selithi uhulumeni Petlyura weza Makhno isivumelwano esisha iRed Army, okuyinto izinikele silwe Directory.

Ukuzizwa ngokuphelele master Gulyaypole, Nestor Makhno Wayevame ukubenzela okuqaliswe kuvulwa izibhedlela, izitolo, izikole, ngisho yaseshashalazini. Idyll i- ashaqe Huliaipole Denikin namabutho ayo. I hero indaba yethu Kwakudingeka baqale impi yabashokobezi yokufuna.

imisebenzi yawo yezempi Makhno esesizile iRed Army ukuvimbela Ukungena amabutho Denikin BakaJehova eMoscow. Lapho yokugcina zakhishwa ngokuphelele, amaBolshevik ngokuthi impi Makhno ngaphandle komthetho. Kakade iye yaba nendima.

Yayifuna ukusizakala Jikelele Wrangel. Wanikela Ataman izidlamlilo nokubambisana, kodwa Makhno wenqaba. Lapho iRed Army ngomzamo ukunqoba Wrangel, wazizwa isidingo sokusiza Makhno, amaBolshevik futhi wamthembisa kwenye inkontileka. Nestor Makhno bavumelana kuso.

Ngo Makhno, ucabangela omunye wemiyalo iRed Command isicupho saphela ukulalela isikhathi izenzakalo ngenhla yempi. Kwakuwusuku yokuthi amaBolshevik waqala liquidating yabashokobezi yayo amayunithi.

Ukuze abalekele abawasukelayo yakhe, ngo-1921, Nestor Makhno, Biography emfushane lapho futhi siguqule, neqembu elincane abanazo wawela umngcele Romanian.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Makhno wabaleka phesheya nomkakhe impi Agafia Kuzmenko. BaseRomania, ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, adlula ngababaleki emagunyeni Polish, eyagcina badingiselwa ukuba France.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe Makhno babephila ekuhluphekeni, esebenza njengomdwebi isisebenzi. Ngesikhathi ngihlala kwa-Paris, Nestor ekhiqizwa izincwajana eziningana yokukhangisa. ukuphila komkhaya wakhe bekagula, kakhulu, yena nomkakhe, babehlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle.

Washona inhloko izidlamlilo e engu-45 esifweni sofuba. Wembelwa e-Pere Lachaise emathuneni.