Foreign Politika Aleksandra 2

Ngo yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu le-19 Politika Aleksandra 2 akuphumelelanga kakhulu. Ukunqotshwa eMpini YaseCrimea kanye kudalwa uhlelo YaseCrimea, ngaphansi kwemibandela ye iSivumelwano Paris, buthaka isikhundla Russia kanye nethonya layo lokulunguza iYurophu. Petersburg wayengaselona dolobha zamanxusa.

Ukuze ahlulekile angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 2, umphakathi kusolwa Nesselrode. Khona-ke lo mbusi wayithuma umhlalaphansi okuthunyelwe UNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle esimisiwe A. M. Gorchakova. indoda wemibono, uthambekela ekwenzeni izinqumo ngaphansi Nicholas 1, akazange uthole ukukhuthazwa. Nokho, ikhono lakhe uqaphela futhi sazise Alexander 2. Inqubomgomo Foreign ehlongozwayo ngu Gorchakov ngokushesha ngemva kokuvumela yayo kokuthunyelwe, uMbusi sivunyiwe ngokugcwele.

Gorchakov waphoqeleka ukuba avume ukuthi ibuthakathaka kakhulu okwamanje ezweni kwezempi futhi ngokuya umnotho. Waphikelela ukuba Russia manje kufanele sigxile ezindabeni zayo zangaphakathi futhi siphishekele ukuthula nabanye, ukufuna umbimbi ukuze sithole isivikelo. UNgqongqoshe babekholelwa ukuthi angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 2 isikhathi esithile akufanele kube esebenzayo, udinga ukwakha ubudlelwano nomakhelwane balo, lithi abaseduze.

Into yokuqala Gorchakov isinqumo ukuze acekele phansi uhlelo YaseCrimea, wajwayelana France. Futhi ukudansela isiginci sakhe ndawonye izinhlangothi ezimbili eliphikisayo ezivamile Inqubomgomo Austria. Umphumela we-nokuxhumana of the French futhi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi kwavela isimo esisha - Romania. Nokho, ngenxa impikiswano mayelana nesimo woLwandle Olumnyama, ku izindawo ezingcwele umbuzo Polish ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili asamukelanga ukuqhubeka.

Ngemva ukubusa kuka-Alexander 2 wokhela kanye ukunyakaza kazwelonke we nabasePoland. V1861 ngonyaka ePoland ukuboniswa owayehlakazekile. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, umbusi esimisiwe lapho, wayala A. wielopolski umndeni, izicukuthwane zendawo, ukubamba uchungechunge yezinguquko kuleli zwe. Izimiso Babekulungele bayoqhuba amakilasi ezikoleni ngolimi Polish, ukubuyiselwa University of Warsaw, phezu lula ukuphila abalimi. Nokho, Aleksander Wielopolski wamemezela ukunxenxa kwebantfu labasha ibutho alithembekile kwezombusazwe. Lesi sinqumo kuye kwavusa e 1863 ekuvukeleni entsha, kuhlaselwa the amakhanda ezempi. Esiphuthumayo yasungulwa uhulumeni wesikhashana futhi wamemezela ukuzimela kwezintathu yePoland. inqubomgomo nokubuyisana Grand Duke uhlulekile ngokuphelele.

IBrithani neFrance kubhekwe ukuthi ngemuva kwesigameko, abanelungelo ezindabeni waseRussia. 3 Napoleon ezihlongozwayo ukuba abize kwaba nengqungquthela yomhlaba wonke ukunikeza ushwele kulabo lahlanganyela ekuvukeleni futhi ubuyisele umthethosisekelo Poland. Gorchakov wayidikila yonke izipesheli ngoba ekholelwa Polish udaba lithandana sangaphakathi Russia nase osomaqhinga Russian wamkhuza ngisho ukuxoxisana. Ngo-1864, ukuvukelwa abantu Poland olwembiza ngokuphelele. Futhi basiza lokhu Prussia, okuyinto isisayine isivumelwano yomhlangano eRussia, okuyinto enikeziwe, uma kunesidingo, sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni yonkana kwemingcele yayo.

Esikhathini 60s ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 2 yayihloselwe isixazululo yenkinga-German. Manje kuye kwaba inkinga enkulu emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. O. Bismarck, isikhonzi likamengameli Prussia, wafuna ngayo engaxazulula le nkinga footwork. IRussia okwamsekela futhi ngo-1870 phakathi Prussia neFrance, kwaba nempi. Ukunqoba Prussian kwaholela ekugcineni YaseCrimea ukuphahlazeka uhlelo, ukudalwa of the Empire, isiJalimane ngiqede ibalazwe Europe, ukuze kokuwa kombuso ka-Napoleon 3 futhi ukwakheka Paris isigodi.

Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi angaphandle Politika Aleksandra 2 kwakuhambelana nokuka izithakazelo waseRussia. Ikakhulukazi, kumayelana ukumenyezelwa empini Russian-Turkish ngo-1877. Lesi sinqumo se-kwakukhulekelwa umbusi kule cuphuluza ukungakwazi ekuxazululeni inkinga nge zamanxusa izindlela ingcindezi abaseMpumalanga Slavic abaholi babe ngamalunga ekomiti.