Franco-Prussian neMpi

Ngu-1870, iFrance ne Prussia kancane kancane wathutha ngempi. Prussian Shansela Otto Bismarck wafuna zibuswe igunya lakhe lonke izwe isiJalimane, futhi umbusi French Napoleon III - ukuvimbela it engasafuni ukubona e-Europe, kwelinye izwe eqinile, ngisho France engumakhelwane.

Imbangela futhi isizathu impi

Zonke okushiywe ukwenza Chancellor Prussian ukwakha eJalimane obumbene - ukuxhuma uthi iNingizimu-German. Kodwa lokhu ngeke abe nomkhawulo Bismarck: Prussians bakhangwa izifundazwe French of Alsace kanye Lorraine, ecebile zamalahle nsimbi, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze kwakungamadodana nezimboni German.

Ngakho, izimbangela neMpi Franco-Prussian kwakusobala, ubengase ukuthola isizathu. Zombili izinhlangothi ukukhuthalele emfuna, futhi kungakabiphi wayeseya ezitholakele. Ngo-July 1870 uHulumeni Spanish, waya ukucinga nembangi esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso, ownerless emva kwempi olandelayo, badlulisela iNkosi yasePrussia isihlobo Prince Leopold. Napoleon III, ababengakholelwa ufisa ukubona ezingomakhelwane France ebekiwe umqhele kwenye kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu Hohenzollern lwamakhosi, baba ukuxoxisana Prussia. French inxusa lwenziwe kule impumelelo. Kodwa, kwacaca ukuthi, lapho ukucutha kanye sicasulwa. Yocingo umbusi French ku zokuchithwa sobukhosi Spanish yasePrussia, Bismarck ubekade ithoni kunalokho okuhlaselayo ngokuba isiFulentshi, ngisho uyishicilele emaphephandabeni. Umphumela waba nkomoni - yababa Napoleon III iqale impi ngo-Prussia.

Ibhalansi amabutho

Isimo ngamazwe lapho eseqala neMpi Franco-Prussian, kwakuyinkathi evumela xaxa Prussia kuka eFrance. Ngakolunye uhlangothi Bismarck wenza isimo, beniyingxenye North-German Confederation, uMbusi French futhi washiya ngaphandle umbimbi. Russia babenamathela hlangothi, neBrithani futhi Italy enobudlelwane abangu ngendlela engenathemba zonakaliswe ngenxa izinqubomgomo ezingasebenzi of Napoleon III. Isimo kuphela akwazi ukuhlaziya le empini ohlangothini lwakhe, kwaba Austria, kodwa uhulumeni wase-Austria, muva nje wahlulwa empini nge Prussia, akazange alinge bahlanganyele empini esisha isitha yamuva.

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala neMpi Franco-Prussian wembula ubuthakathaka ibutho French. Okokuqala, amandla ayo zingaphansi sina esitheni - ayizinkulungwane 570 amasosha 1 million ngesikhathi Confederation North-German. Okubi enkonzweni. Into kuphela ukuthi kungaba eziqhenyayo French - kuyinto Shaspo esheshayo umlilo isibhamu. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ukungabi khona uhlelo esicacile imisebenzi yezempi. It senziwa ngaphandle kokucabangisisa, futhi ingxenye enkulu kwaba ngiyaphupha: ukugqugquzela kanye isikhathi futhi izibalo phezu wahlukanisa umbimbi.

Kepha Prussia, iMpi Franco-Prussian, ngokwakhona lingafunyanwa singalindele futhi iNkosi, noma likashansela. ibutho laso kwakuwukuhleleka ezahlukene kanye izikhali kakhulu, yasungulwa ngesisekelo izinsizwa jikelele. A inethiwekhi aminyene ojantshi e-Germany ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha uthumele amayunithi lempi endaweni efanele. Futhi-ke, umyalo Prussian kwadingeka isenzo plan esicacile athuthukile eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi.

ubutha

Ngo-August 1870, amabutho Prussian lasungula okuhlaselayo. French izindlu wazalela wahlulwa ngamunye ngamunye. 1 Septhemba eduze Sedan inqaba, kwaba Napoleon III, waqala impi. umyalo French wayengeke aphunyule imvelo, phezu kwalokho, ibutho balahlekelwa omkhulu kusukela amabhomu esiphambanweni. Ngenxa yalokho, ngosuku olulandelayo, Napoleon III waphoqeleka ukuba lidele. Ukuthwebula izithombe abantu abayizinkulungwane 84, le Prussians iyiswe dolobha French.

Izindaba ukunqotshwa at Sedan kwaholela ukuvukelwa abantu Paris. Kakade ngo-September 4 eFrance bamemezela Republic. Uhulumeni omusha sekuqalile ukwakha ibutho elisha. Ngaphansi isibhamu, nezinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezikhonza, kodwa ukuba ahlele amabutho yezwe esuka iziphathimandla isitha entsha bahluleka. Okthoba 27 umaluju bayibutho elikhulu Marshal Bazaine, ababebalelwa abantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 200. Ngokwezazi-mlando, lesi marshal lalingabulawa kalula ziyakwenyanyisa le Prussians, kodwa wakhetha ukuba siyeke phansi.

Bacwaninga ngezinye izici zomdlavuza, futhi, Bismarck inhlanhla. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-January 28, 1871 uhulumeni waseFrance yasayina ukuxolelana at Versailles. I Franco-Prussian neMpi iphelile. Lapho, esigodlweni amakhosi isiFulentshi, ke ezamenyezelwa Empire German. Uzosingatha eminyakeni engamashumi ayisihlanu, kanti egumbini elilodwa azokungenisa isivumelwano sokuthula isivele amaJalimane, ngemva eJalimane tshoda e kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lokhu sasikude ngoMeyi ngomnyaka ofanayo, amaqembu dweba thula vumelwane lapho eFrance ulahlekelwe Alsace ukuba Lorraine, kodwa futhi epholile $ 5 bhiliyoni franc. Ngakho, iMpi Franco-Prussian ka 1870-1871. hhayi kuphela united eJalimane, kodwa futhi buthaka kakhulu France kwezomnotho.