Ummeli nobuqhawe Kiev (1941), kafushane

Defense Kiev ngo-1941 - empini emikhulu iRed Army kanye Wehrmacht phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Kuthiwa eside ngaphambi Lesi simo esidabukisayo umuzi wabantu wayeqonda ukuthi umsebenzi Kiev akazange sidlule. Khona-ke, ngenyanga ngemva kokugqashuka ubutha, abantu Kiev amaningi aqala ukulishiya leli idolobha kodwa baya emizaneni okwakufanele ugcine abakhileyo ekubhujisweni. Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi ababengenandaba ekhatsi Kiev futhi sebekufanelekela impi isiseduze kakhulu. Abantu abanesibindi Kiev waqhubeka esebenza, ukwakha izinqaba futhi ulungiselela ukuhlaselwa.

Izimbangela impi eduze Kiev

Ngemva amabutho aseJalimane alithatha insimu ka Smolensk, uHitler wanquma ukuhlasela ku Kiev ukuba ngokushesha anqobe wonke amazwe Ukraine. Wayefuna wasithatha Ukraine ngoba amalahle ezifakwa kukhona insimu yalo. UHitler wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyoba abasiza ekulungiseleleni lezi amabutho aseJalimane ngemfudumalo ukudla ukuze bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza lempi eSoviet Union.

Ngemva bamba yamazwe Ukrainian Kwakuhlelwe ukuba ahaqe eMoscow, bese ukufeza yokubuyiswa eSoviet Union.

Kiev ukuzivikela 1941 omfushane isinyathelo sezempi

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe uye kwabulala lenqwaba izinhlamvu. Akekho ongakhohlwa indlela amabutho iRed Army ababevikela ezweni lawo ekulweni nesitha.

Defense eKiev ngo 1941 isibe isikhathi nzima iRed Army kanye izakhamuzi. Naphezu amabutho engalingani, Red Army basivuma zokugcina futhi benze izinto yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, ukuze kuvinjelwe amabutho aseJalimane ukuze athuthukise eminye. Iningi iRed Army amayunithi wayeshonelwe uxhumene umyalo omkhulu, kanye amayunithi angomakhelwane. Abaningi babo sebephila futhi akakwazanga ukuphunyula kuso. Kuthiwa iningi amasosha efa noma bathunjwa lesitha.

izinhlamvu ukushoda, inani lamasosha, kanye nosizo ukuze izakhamuzi Army Soviet

Kakade izimpi lokuqala kwaba nokuntuleka kahle lubonakale izikhali nezinhlamvu. Nokho Hitler kuhlelwe wasithatha dolobha umbani, naphezu akaphakeme amabutho aseJalimane ngo izinombolo, kanye ukuntuleka imishini lempi amasosha iRed Army alwa heroically ekulweni nesitha. Ummeli nobuqhawe eKiev ngo 1941 ngeke kukhohlakale, ngoba amasosha iRed Army kanye abantu bomuzi babuthana, balwa ngesibindi enhlokodolobha.

Ngaphezu amayunithi wezempi ukuthi bavikela inhlokodolobha, ekumeleleni Kiev futhi izakhamuzi iqhaza. Bangaphezu kuka-200 000 abantu Kiev baya ukulwa ngezihluthu ngokuzithandela. On ukwakhiwa imigqa ukuzivikela okweqa 160 000 abahlala wasebenza nsukuzonke, abaye ndawonye nezidlamlilo.

Kiev ukuzivikela 1941 Isifinyezo kuhlaselwa inhlokodolobha

Injongo eyinhloko kaHitler kwaba umsebenzi wendawo Donbass kanye eCrimea. Okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zezimboni wezolimo kuzoqinisekisa ibutho labaqaphi elingemuva kwezinsiza. Okwesibili, kuthatha isikhathi ezweni Ukrainian kuzoqinisekisa kusengaphambili okungaphazamiseki ibutho lamaJalimane ukuze umgomo wakhe oyinhloko - eMoscow.

Ngemva inkositini Smolensk umyalo German wanquma uthwebule USSR. Hitler kuhlelwe ukuba ziyombamba Kiev umbani, kodwa amabutho nesibindi inkululeko abathanda iRed Army enganikanga amaphupho bakhe beqiniso.

Kakade ngo-July 11, amabutho aseJalimane Uzame ukugqekeza awuthumbe inhlokodolobha Kiev, kodwa ukuzivikela esiqhubekayo counterattacks iRed Army enganikanga flash umuzi. Ngemva kwalokho, isitha isinqumo ukundlula Kiev nhlangothi zombili futhi Julayi 30 uqalisiwe nobutha kanye nokuhlaselwa edolobheni.

Agasti 7 Airborne lamabutho AI Rodimtsev owawuse balwe. Lokhu kwasiza ekulinganiseni simo, kodwa isikhathi esifushane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okwenzeka paratroopers azange abe, futhi abazange babe izikhali esindayo. elihamba Namandla German bona phikisa kuphela elwa umoya, isibindi nesibindI.

Umyalo Soviet wenza isinqumo khona lapho kumiswa izigaba futhi nokuwangenisa impi. Lokhu kwasiza sigweme isimo inhlekelele.

Ngu 10 Agasti isitha wakwazi ifohle iye ngasenkosini nedlelo ningizimu-ntshonalanga, kodwa nampa jeza bibizane: ukumelana nobuqhawe Army 37 zaphoqa amabutho aseJalimane ukuhlala futhi.

Naphezu ukumelana yiqhawe ukuqhubeka ngaphambi amabutho aseJalimane, kanye ukuzivikela Kyïv. Julayi-September 1941 babe edolobheni inkathi enzima kakhulu, ngoba zonke izinyanga ezintathu lesitha baqhubeka ukuhlasela futhi aphule iRed Army.

Kiev Setting

Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha iRed Army uphindelela ngesibindi inkani, uHitler wanquma ukuhlubuka eningizimu 2nd ensimini kanye nombutho wezempi 1st ithangi iqembu, okuyinto ngalapho eMoscow. Mangisho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi amabutho aseJalimane wafohla kuze kufike emfuleni Dnieper kuya eningizimu. Nokho, ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amabutho esitha sawela umfula enyakatho Kiev, futhi Chernihiv esifundeni, bahlanganiswe ne amayunithi abo ukuthi abangu ethuthuka bevela enyakatho.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakukhona usongo imvelo, uStalin namanje sinqume ukuqhubeka ukuzivikela yenhloko-dolobha. Lokhu kwabonakala mayelana nefu elimnyama oluphathelene nezenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo, ngoba uma amabutho aseSoviet zinhlanga emva isixwayiso kuqala ngemvelo, ukuphila kwabantu bekungeke kube kangaka.

Defense eKiev ngo 1941 lakhunjulwa isikhathi eside. I ubuqhawe nesibindi amabutho iRed Army akakwazi ukuba isigqoko. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibalo amabutho aseJalimane cishe kathathu iRed Army, abazange emuva phansi waqhubeka emelela dolobha.

Ukuhlulwa amabutho aseSoviet

Septhemba 9, amabutho aseJalimane wafika Kiev futhi bemngunga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Red Army lase licishe siphukile, they nzonzobala imizamo amashushu nempumelelo.

Septhemba 19 amabutho aseJalimane ukungena emzini, nabahlamuki Kiev Ukubuthelela amabutho aseSoviet baphoqeleka ukuba ashona. Umyalo Soviet wenza umzamo ukukhulula amaqembu zizungezwé iRed Army, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Baningi amasosha nezikhulu abulawa, kanye isitha. Defense eKiev ngo 1941 wathatha inani Amazing of izimpilo iRed Army yamasotja anesibindi futhi abanesibindi, ababezimisele ukwenza lutho inkululeko yezwe lenkaba yawo. Banika ezimpilweni zabo ukuze uhlale ezweni labo ngiwunike ezandleni isitha.

Kuthiwa ngaphambi ekumeleleni Kiev G. K. Zhukov kubikwe Stalin ukuthi amabutho aseSoviet wona kumele adluliselwe goba esisempumalanga yoMfula Dnieper.

Ukulahleka kwempilo kanye Isibindi iRed Army

Umfundi ngamunye kanye omdala owaziyo ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo eyathatha Kiev ukuzivikela 1941 Akekho bangakhohlwa izimpi olunegazi, isibindi kanye ubuqhawe iRed Army. Wonke umuntu uzokhumbula ukuthi amasosha wawalwela dolobha basophula ngezinga ababengenza ngalo. Akekho amasosha awuzange ecabanga ukuthi ukushiya empini, futhi ukunikeza inhlokodolobha ezandleni sesitha. Lezi zenzakalo zizodingidwa zikhunjulwe phakade, ngoba nje ungakwazi ungakhohlwa.

Kufanele ukuthi kokunqotshwa kwe iRed Army kwaba buhlungu omkhulu wezwe lonke futhi kakhulu ukuthonywa ukuqhubeka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Izimpi ziye kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka 700.000. Ngaphezu umonakalo womuntu omkhulu, iSoviet Union yase elahlekile cishe zonke Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine. Ngenxa yalokhu, eya Donbass, oLwandle Azov, futhi e-Eastern Ukraine yaba elivulekile amabutho aseJalimane.

Ukwehluleka izinhlelo kaHitler

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ukuvikela eKiev ngo-1941 kwaba ngenxa amabutho aseJalimane singalindele. Ukulwa emzini avinjwe izinhlelo kaHitler ngenxa blitzkrieg kanye bamba ngokushesha yenhloko-dolobha. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ke uvinjelwe kusengaphambili zabo zokuhlukumeza inhlokodolobha, kanjalo wasiza ukulungiselela amasosha aseSoviet eyovikela eMoscow. Kwaphela izinyanga 3 amabutho aseSoviet wona wakwazi ukuqinisa isikhundla salo ukuze ngesibindi futhi heroically kubonise igalelo we amabutho aseJalimane.

Imiphumela kokunqotshwa kwe amasosha aseSoviet ngo-ekumeleleni Kiev

Ukunqotshwa kwe-iRed Army kwaholela yokuthi umgwaqo ukuze EMpumalanga Ye-Ukraine, Azov futhi Donbass baba elivulekile amabutho aseJalimane. Kufanele uthi yini eyaholela ukubaleka iRed Army:

• Okthoba 17, amabutho aseJalimane alithatha Donbas.
• Okthoba 25 amabutho esitha ethumba laseKharkov.
• Novemba 2 amabutho aseJalimane ephethwe wasithatha eCrimea Sevastopol ukuvimba.

Zonke belukhumbula ekumeleleni Kiev 1941 kwaba unyaka 1942 zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho e-Ukraine: ekumeleleni Sevastopol, ukusebenza laseKharkov, njll Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ngasinda .. The ibutho laseSoviet nabantu yezwe ngaleso sikhathi.

Eziphendulela Kiev uthatha zonke izinyathelo kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa lokulwa emakhono amasosha aseSoviet. Bona heroically bavikela insimu yabo futhi zibonisa ukuhlaselwa isitha. Kufanele ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwabantu kwakuphansi kakhulu. amasosha amaningi aseSoviet bathunjwa isitha, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, isibindi sabo Kwakuyintokozo yodwa.

Defense eKiev ngo 1941 - umcimbi esiyokhunjulwa isikhathi eside kuwo wonke umuntu. Isibindi futhi ubuqhawe we amasosha aseSoviet akuwenzanga ngabandayo ngokuphelele kunoma ubani. Ziyakwazi kusuka wonke amabutho wazama ukuxosha ukuhlaselwa isitha ngeqholo otvoovyvali Kiev. Ukunqotshwa kwe-nomthelela ukuqhubeka izenzo ezempi kanye amacebo umyalo German maqondana imizi Ukraine, kanye eMoscow.