Iminyango emathunjini ezinkulu, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi wayo

Umzimba kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuvumelanayo. Phakathi izinhlelo ezinikeza imisebenzi yalo ebalulekile, kukhona omunye ukuthi iphatha ngaphakathi engenayo izinto ukudla, okukhishwe ewusizo kakhulu kubo futhi kuqeda imfucuza, futhi konke lokhu okuncane ngokwempilo noma angakutholi nhlobo nomzamo oqotho yomuntu. Ithumbu elikhulu, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kabanzi - ingxenye yaleli indlela. Yini esiyaziyo ngaye?

ipheshana womuntu wokugaya ukudla

Njalo endikimbeni okudinga amandla ukusekela izimpilo zabo. It ingatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-abantu, njengezilwane nezinye izilwane eziningi, le njongo kukhona ipheshana gastro-emathunjini bese wonke isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

Le ngxenye umzimba kunalokho xaka futhi unesibopho ukucutshungulwa oluphelele lwazo zonke izinto ezingenayo, esiphezulu isizinda kahle nokusebenzisa izinsalela. Konke kuqala emlonyeni, ngoba wayedabuka ukudla uthola lapha. Waqale kahle ochotshoziwe exutshwe ngamathe, ngawo ngokushesha uqala cleavage eyinhloko, bese kuya esiswini. Lapha, usebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kwenzeka kucutshungulwe angenayo ukumuncwa carbohydrate, ingxenye yamanzi, Ethanol futhi abanye nosawoti.

Isigaba esilandelayo emathunjini amancane. Kube kwenzeka ukugaya eziyisisekelo, ukugaya carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha ukuze ngaphezulu yezingxenye elula ukumuncwa yabo futhi zokuthutha ukulethwa ku amaseli. Lena Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba isakhiwo ekhethekile we ulwelwesi lwamafinyila zomzimba. Iqiniso lokuthi ebusweni engaphakathi emathunjini is camera mikrovyrostami - endwangwini, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa endaweni ukuncela. Futhi lokhu umnyango kuyingxenye ebalulekile kohlelo hormone, njengoba kukhona zamagama hormone peptide eziningana elawula umsebenzi pheshana emathunjini nezinqubo mzimba.

Futhi ekugcineni, esigabeni yokugcina ipheshana yesisu - emathunjini ezinkulu. Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yaleli umzimba kufanele kubhekwe eceleni futhi ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba bengeyona kancane ezithakazelisayo kunamanye izingxenye isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Futhi-ke, kunjalo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izici ikholoni

Igama ipheshana wokugaya ukudla kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi inesikhala zayo zangaphakathi kukhulu kunesono wengxenye odlule. Nokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lena lubonakale kuphela ngesikhathi kuvulwa ngesidumbu, besahlala ububanzi we-colon nezincane zicishe noma kuphela ukuhluka. Noma kunjalo, le GI has a ungqimba ebanzi kwemisipha endwangwini, kanye ezicutshini. Kodwa namanje, igama elithi "nomzimba omncane" futhi "ikholoni" Ngokuphazima kweso ngesilwane esifuywayo yokwakheka futhi kubhekwa ayilungile.

Ubude somzimba ngokuvamile 1 kuya 1.6 m, i ubukhulu isilinganiso - mayelana 6.5 cm, izinombolo ngqo kuxhomeke ikakhulukazi engxenyeni. Nokho, uma sikhuluma isakhiwo emathunjini ezinkulu, izindonga zawo yakhiwa izicubu serous futhi imisipha nazo submucosa samanje futhi mucosa ngokwayo, okuyinto uphahlwe ngaphakathi komgodi umzimba. Awunazo villi, kodwa kukhona inqwaba crypts - ayimigodi we epithelium, waba nomthelela ekwandeni reabsorption kangcono.

Ukusakazwa ikholoni ukunikeza aphansi kanye engenhla mesenteric Umthambo. Ukuze ezinzwa meet Imicu yotshani vagus kanye nezinzwa umgogodla. Outflow wegazi inikezwa yi emithanjeni mesenteric.

indawo

Ithumbu elikhulu, okuyinto elakheke kancane ngaphambili iyaqala ngemva yachazwa Imibandela valve bauginievoy, okuyinto uhlukanisa ileum futhi cecum. Lesi sakhiwo akuvumeli ukunyakaza reverse chyme - uginindela etholwe ngenxa ukugaya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho amathumbu ubabonisa upwardly futhi kwesobunxele, Belting GI odlule bese yehla futhi, kuphumele ingquza. Ngokusebenzisa kwenzeka sezinyawo ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi, okungukuthi, umzimba kuqeda izinsalela engadingeki kuye. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi lo ingemuva walulama ngokwehlukile ikholoni. Kulokhu, iba ingxenye umnyango yokugcina, ebizwa ngokuthi sigmoid.

imisebenzi

I ikholoni akuyona emizimbeni physiologically asebenzayo. Ngokuvamile, Injongo eyinhloko yale umzimba cabangela ukwakheka indle futhi ukususa umzimba wabo. Empeleni, lokhu umzimba imisebenzi ebanzi.

Okokuqala, lapha ke uphela isizinda izakhamzimba ukudla. Konke kuhamba kahle, ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ugaye phambi belashwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuphela lesi sinyathelo kungabuyiselwa fibre. Futhi kusukela chyme ukusivumela cishe ngokuphelele izinsalela amanzi nosawoti.

Okwesibili, obukhulu esiswini yomuntu - kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Lapha itholakala ikoloni bacterium ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi anaerobic. Ezinye zazo ukusiza ukugaya, kuyilapho abanye ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane, abanye ukukhiqiza enzyme ekhuthaza operation kahle Authority, kanye namavithamini K, E, B _{6 no-B-12} kwakudingeka wonke umzimba. Ngamafuphi, microflora emathunjini ezinkulu - kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwalo mngcele zokuzivikela zomzimba womuntu. Futhi inamandla ukuze babhekane ngisho ne amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngazinye, ekubhubhiseni ngokuphelele.

Okwesithathu, kuba nohlaka loMkhandlu ikholoni, ikakhulukazi ungqimba imisipha, kuqinisekisa ukunyakaza njalo kokudla udle. Kulokhu, abantu abakwazi ngisho ukuyilawula. motility izinga ngokuvamile njalo futhi kwandisa ngemva kokufaka izingxenye ezintsha ukudla esiswini. Ngakho, imisipha ikholoni ubophezelekile ukunakekela ngesilinganiso ukudla ucishe njalo "amapayipi."

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ipheshana yesisu Ungasingatha cishe konke umuntu isebenzisa njengendlela ukudla, musa zifa aphonse ngokwabo ku lutho. Iphazamise emathunjini lula, kodwa kuyabonakala ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi lapho izimpawu zibonakala ke ukuba ungabe usasebenza kahle, ukubuyisela ibhalansi kungaba nzima kakhulu, ngakho kungcono kakhulu ukunamathela ohlotsheni lokudla okunempilo inala fibre, okuyinto kuvusa ngokuphelele ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.

Iminyango ikholoni: Ukubuyekeza

Ngokwesiko ukuhlukanisa 3 izingxenye eziyinhloko: izimpumputhe, ikholoni kanye ingemuva. Ngamunye wabo Ubuye izingxenyana yayo, okwenza isakhiwo umzimba kunalokho nzima naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi cishe akukho umehluko ukusebenza.

Ngakho, kuze kube cecum isithasiselo eduze. Colon sehlukaniswe unyuka, transverse kanye ukwehla futhi sigmoid. Ekugcineni, ngisho ngqo ngokwahlukana waphawula we ampoule futhi umsele anal kuya ingquza. Futhi ingxenye ngayinye has izici zayo siqu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukhulume mayelana izingxenye ikholoni ngaphezulu. Bonke ezithakazelisayo ngendlela yabo.

cecum

Lesi sigaba itholakala ilungelo iliac fossa futhi ibukeka cishe round isikhwama izilinganiso mayelana 6 x 7-7.5 cm. Kulapha umkhawulo amathumbu ezincane nezinkulu. Basuke ahlukaniswe kuphela valve encane.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko eyenziwa kule ngxenye amathumbu esikhulu ukumuncwa amanzi kusukela engenayo kokudla. Ngokuvamile, kule nokwakheka uMnyango akuhlukile lonke. By endleleni, lokhu lapho esiswini eduze esifanelana aphakeme Umthambo mesenteric. Ihlukaniswe inqwaba amagatsha, kubangela igazi eligciniwe ukuba ingxenye enkulu-ke.

isithasiselo

Kusukela ngalo ingaphakathi we cecum ngokusebenzisa ndima ewumngcingo, ungathola ku neseleko yayo, kuyinto ebaluleke, nakuba engeyena umnyango agcwele. Sikhuluma esithasiselweni, noma isithasiselo saleli Bhayibheli. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuphela iminonjana, njengalokhu umuntu - esincelisayo ambalwa, kanye onogwaja nezinkawu, abanale ingxenye. Ukuhlolwa sezenziwe lapho izingane kwavele appendectomy, ukuthi isuswe lesi sitho, zisencane. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi kubo kwakukhona izinkinga ezinkulu amasosha omzimba.

Namuhla, kunenkolelo yokuthi i-appendix - uhlobo epulazini nama-bacterium awusizo ukuthi ikoloni emathunjini. Ngenxa isakhiwo ayo ekhethekile lapha akusho nazo kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu ukususwa isithasiselo kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisela microflora futhi ngimise isihlalo emathunjini, ezifana emva ukuphuza imithi elwa namagciwane. Noma kunjalo, yena namanje iminonjana njengakuqala ukuthatha ukubukeka kwayo kwamanje, elaliyingxenye agcwele pheshana emathunjini bese iye yaba nesandla ukugaya.

Ngeshwa, ukuhlinzwa ukuze ayibulale le nqubo kwenziwa kaningi. Appendicitis ziqine zibalwa kuqala phakathi imisebenzi acute kuhlinzwa. Kuwo lo nyaka, fixed 4-5 amakesi abantu 1000. With ukunakekela ekuseni yezokwelapha ukuze uthole Izibikezelo evumayo. Ingozi yokufa incane kakhulu, kodwa liyanda, esimweni perforation, futhi khona izinto ezifana nobudala amadala.

ikholoni

Ngokushesha ngemuva caecum is olandelayo ahlukaniswe, okuyinto ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 4. Eyokuqala yalezi - uplink - ukhuphuka ohlangothini ilungelo sesibindi uphela ijika emnene. Ukwehlukaniswa iziqephu elilandelayo - ikholoni transverse. Njengoba nje negama layo lisho, iqalisa kwesokudla ngokusebenzisa peritoneum. Iphinde uphela bend, labona ingxenye ukwehla esukela phezulu kuya phansi ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Sigmoid ikholoni (engxenyeni yokugcina kulesi sigaba) itholakala kwesokunxele iliac fossa. It wathola igama layo i S-ukuma.

Njengezinye izingxenye ikholoni, le ngxenye ngokuyinhloko obangela ukumuncwa amanzi electrolyte kanye kumiswa wokuqukethwe esiqinile chyme. Ngemva kumiswa mass-obudaywe umbala omnyama kanye enzyme gallbladder umzimba owakhiwa izinto ezingadingekile exfoliated EPITHELIAL futhi t. D., Lingena olwengeziwe.

iqonde

Le ngxenye yokugcina emathunjini, umsebenzi oyinhloko okuyinto ukuqoqa uquqaba okuqinile futhi kukhuthaza zabo kusuka emzimbeni. It is ngokugcwele etholakala ngaphakathi komgodi okhalo futhi liphethe ngamazwi ingquza. Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi sokuzikhulula kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi bokuphila, okuyinto ilawulwa cortex cerebral, kanti izingane zisencane, wayengumuntu luyingxenye uhlamvu reflex.

Ngokuvamile, sezinyawo cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ingqikithi esiye kudliwa. Imvamisa kanye nenani ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu izici ekudleni kanye nendlela yokuphila. Nokho, ngokuvamile bethulula ingemuva kwenzeka nsuku zonke, futhi ngaleyo ndlela umuntu elahla udoti mass-200 kuya ku-500 amagremu.

izindlela zocwaningo

Omunye izikhalazo ezivamile ngasiphi yobudala emizweni ubuhlungu esiswini. Kaningi kunjalo kuphela senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya ngaphakathi emathunjini, isib, ngenxa ekuqongeleleni amagesi noma nje zibe. Noma kunjalo, umzimba udinga qikelela ukuthi ngokwayo, kodwa ngoba uma izinsolo ukungasebenzi kufanele ubheke odokotela, ikakhulukazi uma izinkinga zenzeka kaningi ngokwanele.

Indima ebalulekile sitholakele yezokwelapha umlando kudlala. Udokotela angase abuze mayelana kwasendaweni futhi izici ubuhlungu, sezinyawo imvamisa eminyakeni yamuva, ekudleni.

Eyesibili indlela uphenyo - palpation. Udokotela Uyaphenya izitho ogangeni besisu, ukulungisa izikhalo lesiguli, benaka imisipha ukungezwani nokunye. D. Kuyasiza wokuqala ukufaka izilonda ezibuhlungu.

Futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa cwaningo nesineke ukugudluka fecal. Uhlaziyo zamakhemikhali, macro- futhi ezincane, kanye nokusungulwa webhaktheriya anganika kuvisisa izinqubo eziningi ezenzeka ikholoni. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngo-unomdlavuza inkinga ne microflora.

Ukuze ukuhlola umsebenzi ukuncela singasetshenziswa izifundo radiographic usebenzisa Ngokuphambene ejenti.

Ekugcineni, wasebenzisa colonoscopy uma ufuna ukuthola isithombe esiphelele kwenzekani esiswini. Kulesi sifundo, probe ufakwa ikhamera bese isibani ekupheleni. Ngosizo iziphetho likadokotela kukubuka qapha ebonisa ingaphakathi ngaphakathi emathunjini, futhi kungatholakala, isibonelo, izimila. yonke iminyango kapopopo kungenziwa zihlolwe ngale ndlela.

isifo

Ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga amathumbu ukhuluma ngani iziyaluyalu kwesitulo. Uhudo, ukuqunjelwa, ukubuyisa - avame imbangela kulezi zinkanyezi ezingajabulisi esibhekana nazo amaphutha ekudleni. Leli fomu kungenziwa wabonakaliswa ukungabekezelelani ukuba ne-lactose, gluten kanti ezinye nezinye izinto. Ama-bacterium overgrowth ingase futhi ziphazamisa ukukhungatheka ngezinsimbi zesihlalo noma okubi kakhulu njalo komzimba. Lokhu akazibekanga medicate futhi uphuze imithi ikhangiswe ngaphandle kokubonisana udokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ukwephula emathunjini zenzeka njalo. Lokhu kungenzeka kwaphela babhebhethekisa inkinga.

ngokwanele kungaba yingozi, kanye ukuvuvukala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye emathunjini. Uma iyekwa ingelashwa, le mucosa embozwe izilonda, bese izinqubo zokuwohloka uqale. esiyingozi nakakhulu ukuvela zokwakheka e mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi emathunjini. Kungenzeka umdlavuza noma hemorrhoids, kodwa kokubili zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokwayo. Ngenhlanhla, imfundo cishe njalo etholakala esigabeni sokugcina, okuyinto kusiza ukufinyelela nokuhlola. Futhi, njengoba odokotela bavame ukuba uzikholelwe, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi wamathumbu isifo, kanye kulo lonke ipheshana emathunjini, ziwumphumela imikhuba yokudla emibi futhi yokuphila. Ngenhlanhla, imithi yesimanje kungaba uma ukumphilisa ngokuphelele umuntu, esiphezulu adambise isimo sakhe futhi balondoloze izinga lokuphila nge ukuphazamiseka omncane.

Hlala uphilile!