Ama-hormone e-steroid. Ulwazi olufushane

Ama-hormone e-steroid yiqembu elikhethekile lezinto ezisebenzayo ezilawula izinqubo zomsebenzi obalulekile kubantu nasezilwaneni. Wonke ama-vertebrates. Ukusetshenziswa kwama- hormone kuhlobene. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kuthinte ukuqala kwama-hormone amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-hormone ye-steroid ibalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.

Amahomoni we-cortex adrenal (noma i-corticosteroid hormone)

I-Mineralocorticosteroids yi-hormone ethinta ukushintshaniswa kwamaminerali (ikakhulukazi i-sodium ne-potassium). Ngomuthi owandayo we-mineralocorticosteroids emzimbeni womuntu, i-edema, ukunyuka kwengcindezi yokwanda, i-hypokalemia ingahlakulela. Ngokuntuleka kwama-hormone, ukukhululwa kwamanzi kanye ne-sodium emzimbeni yizinso kunganda, okuholela ekudambisweni komzimba.

I-glucocorticoids yizinto eziphambili kakhulu ze-lipophilic, ezingena kalula embundeni weli cell, ngemva kwalokho ziboshwe kwi-cytoplasm ene-receptors ekhethekile-i-glucocorticoid. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sitholwa engxenyeni ye-cell, lapho i-glucocorticoids iqala ukuthonya ukukhululwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela ivuselele ukwakheka kwamaprotheni athile. Lolu hlobo lwe-hormone lwandisa izinga le-glucose egazini, kubangela ukuhanjiswa kwamafutha (ukwanda kwamafomu amafutha entanyeni, ubuso, esifubeni, phezulu nangesisu, emlenzeni uhla lwamafutha luba mncane), lugqugquzela isenzo se-adrenaline, lukhuthaza ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni nokuvimbela ukuqala kwawo Lesi senzo sibizwa ngokuthi i-catabolic), singaba nomphumela wesilinganiso se-mineralocorticoid. Ama-hormone e-steroid glucocorticosteroids avame ukusetshenziswa njengama-immunosuppressive, anti-shock, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergen agents. I-glucocorticosteroids inemiphumela emibi eminingi. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokweqile kwegazi, ukungavamile kwesakhiwo se-mucosa esiswini, ukukhubazeka kwe-gastric, i-edema, i-glucosuria (okuthiwa i-steroid yesifo sikashukela), ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, i-cataracts, i-subcapsular, i-metabolism fat, isinciphiso somsebenzi wemisipha, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yokwesaba (ukuphazamiseka, ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-hormone ukwandisa ukufisa ukudla, ukucindezeleka okungahambisani nokucindezeleka kwe-intraocular, ukunciphisa inani lama-eosinophil kanye nama-lymphocytes egazini, ukwandisa inani le-neutrophils futhi liphazamise ukukhula komzimba wengane.

Ama-hormone e-sex are abesifazane nabesilisa. Amantombazane akhiqizwa ama-ovari. Kukhona ama-hormone e-gestagenic ne-estrogenic. Kukhona nemithi ehambisana nabo.

Izidakamizwa ze-Estrogenic zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okunye esikhundleni sokukhathazeka kokuya esikhathini, ama-hormone e- estrogen ayanele , ukungabi namuntu. Nika ngokuvamile ngokuhambisana nama-gestagens.

Imithi ye-gestagenic yenza ukunciphisa i-myometrium ye-uterine (ungqimba wamascle) ngenkathi ibeletha umntwana. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zisetshenziselwa lapho ziqala futhi zisongela ukuhlukunyezwa. I-hormone ye-gestagen yangempela i- progesterone. Umuthi wakhe ubizwa nangokuthi. Le hormone iyinxenye yezokwelapha, okumelwe kuthathwe ngaphakathi. Ama-gestagen anemiphumela emibi eminingi: ukuzuza isisindo, ukugcoba umzimba, ukugcinwa komzimba emzimbeni womuntu, ukucindezeleka, ukuleleka, ukuya esikhathini, i-hirsutism.

Amahomoni angama-sex hormones ama-hormone e-steroid akha ama-testes. Amalungiselelo abo abizwa ngokuthi androgenic. I-main hormone genital genital is testosterone. Njengomuthi, i-analogue yakhe yokwenziwa - testosterone propionate ne-methyltestosterone isetshenziswa. Izidakamizwa ze-Androgenic zinqunyelwe ukungabi namandla, ukuthuthukiswa okwanele kobulili, nomdlavuza wesifuba.