I-biochemistry yomchamo: imithetho yokuqoqa kanye nezinkomba zesimiso

Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kunikeza ulwazi ngesimo sayo yonke inyama kanye nomzimba ngamunye ngokwehlukana. Ngakho-ke, isigaba sokuqala sesi sifo sitholakale, futhi ukuxilongwa kubuye kwacaciswa. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufike ngesikhathi futhi okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umchamo we-urine biochemistry wenziwa ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lokuchazwa kwezinkomba zalo luzodingeka. Lokhu kungadingeka isiguli ngokwakhe. Kodwa ngokuyinhloko ukucacisa kuyadingeka kudokotela oya khona.

Nguyiphi imithetho eqoqa umchamo?

Ngokuvamile, i-urine biochemistry yansuku zonke yenziwa - okungukuthi, umchamo oqoqwe ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho uhlaziywa.

Ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokucwaninga, iziphuzo ezidakayo ezivela ekudleni, ukudla okunamafutha, izitsha ezibabayo neziphunga azihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele. Ukudla okuzokwazi ukususa umchamo akukhuthazwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isilimo se-asparagus, beet, ama-blueberries, i-rhubarb. I-liquid ingasetshenziswa ngamanani afanayo.

Hlanganisa izidakamizwa

Ukwemukelwa kwe-uroseptics nemithi elwa namagciwane kumiswa ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba umchamo unikezwe ukuhlaziywa. Uma isiguli sithatha noma yiliphi i-vitamin complexes noma imiphi imithi, udokotela kufanele aziswe ngalokhu. Khona-ke kuyokwazi ukucacisa ngokunembile imiphumela. Izinkomba zingashintshwa ngaphansi kwethonya lendlela ethile, lokhu kufanele kwaziwe. Ukuxilongwa njengomphumela kuyobekwa ngokungafanele, ukwelashwa okulandelayo kuzobe kungasebenzi.

Mayelana nohlanzekile obuseduze

I-biochemistry yomchamo ayikwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane. Kodwa uma kusadingeka, khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa i-tampon.

Ubumsulwa obuseduze kumele bubonwe nakanjani ngaphambi kokudlula umchamo. Amalungiselelo e-antibacterial and disinfectant kufanele agwenywe, kodwa ngesepha evamile namanzi afudumele. Lokhu kuzophinde kube negalelo ekuqondiseni imiphumela uma u-decrypting. I-biochemistry yegazi kanye nomchamo ihlale ibanjwe ndawonye.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isitsha esikhethekile sokulahla umchamo. Kungathengwa kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi. Ngakho ungagwema usesho olungadingekile lweziqukathi ezihlanzekile. Kodwa uma kungenakho ithuba lokuthenga into efanele evamile ingilazi yeglasi yamasiza amancane. Kufanele ihlanzwe kahle nge-soda namanzi ashisayo, bese uthele ngamanzi abilayo. Iphakethe kumele ivalwe ngokuqinile.

Khona-ke i-biochemistry yomchamo iyoba ulwazi. Ungayithola kanjani ngokufanele?

Ukuhlola kukaRobert kuhilela ukuqoqa umchamo amahora angu-24. Isikhathi seqoqo lokuqala sibhalwe, okugcina kugcinwe emva kwamahora angu-24.

Gcina umchamo, ngaphambi kokuthi udlule, udinga igumbi elimnyama, kumele kube khona okupholile.

I-biochemistry yomchamo - okulotshiwe

Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kunqunywa yizinkomba ezilandelayo:

• Inani lomchamo ekhishwe ngosuku. Ngakho-ke thola isifo sezinso noma ubuthi ngezinsimbi ezinzima.
• Ukuvumelana komswakama okubonisa ukuthi kunezibalo eziphathelene ne-excretory system.
• Ubukhona be-potassium, obunquma ukuhluleka kwe-hormonal.
• Okuqukethwe okwanele kwe-chlorine, i-calcium ne-sodium, engabona ukuphazamiseka komzimba emzimbeni, isifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso.
• Ukuba khona kwamaprotheni njengobufakazi bokuvuvukala.
• Ukuba khona kwe-uric acid - lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wamajoyina uphukile, isibonelo, kukhona i-gout noma i-arthrosis.
• Ukushintshashintsha okubukhali ezingeni le-cholinesterase, okubonisa ukuthi isibindi asihambisani nemisebenzi yaso.

Ukuqondisa kahle ukuhlaziywa nokuchaza ngezifo ezenzekayo ezilandelayo udokotela angakwazi kuphela. Yini engathinta umphumela? Akuxhomeke ngokuphelele kuphela kokuqukethwe kwezinto ezithile ezisekelwe ekucwaningweni, kodwa nakwezocansi, ubudala, isimo samanje nokuhlaziywa kokuqala. I-biochemistry yomchamo ifundisa kakhulu.

Izinkomba ezibalulekile

Isiguli ngokwakhe, ngokwazi ezinye izinkomba ekuhlaziyweni, unquma ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa noma cha. Sinikeza lezi zinkomba ngezansi.

1. Ukunqunywa kwe-enzyme i-amylase, eveza izigcawu ze- pancreas salivary. It is excreted by izinso. Ngesizo salesi sibonakaliso, isakhi seprotheyini sinamathele. Isivalo salo emcinini ngama-10-1240 amayunithi / litre. Uma izinga lidlulile kakhulu, imisebenzi ye-pancreas ingaphazanyiswa, futhi izigulane ze-parotid ze-salivary zinenkinga ethile.
2. Okuqukethwe kwesiprotheni esiphelele kumchamo. Ngosizo lwalolu hlaziyo, ukutholakala kwawo wonke amaprotheni emzimbeni kunqunywa. Inani elijwayelekile lingu-0-0,033 g / l. Uma kunjalo, lokhu kungabonisa ukusabela okubangelwa ukwelashwa, ukutheleleka okungapheli emgodini we-urinary, izinso, uhlelo lokuzala, izifo ezizimele, i-myeloma, isifo sikashukela.
3. Uma kunqunywa izinga le-glucose, kubonakala ukuthi indlela efanelekile ye-carbohydrate metabolism yenziwa kahle. Okujwayelekile emgodini we-glucose ngu-0,03-0,05 g / l. Ngesifo sikashukela kanye nezifo zezinso, izinga lingakhuphuka ngezinga elithile.
4. Isibonakaliso esihle se-uric acid singu-0.4-1.0 g ngosuku, kungase kube ne-gout noma ezinye izifo ezihlangene ngokunyuka kule nkomba.

Urea

Yini enye embula ukuhlolwa komchamo we-biochemistry?

Hlela izinkomba ezivamile kuphela, kodwa ezengeziwe. Bangakwazi futhi ukutshela okuningi mayelana nokuba khona kwesifo kubantu, futhi kulula ukubona ngisho nesigaba sokuqala sesifo. Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuxhomeke kulokhu.

Ngenxa yeprotheni ye-metabolism, i-urea yenziwa emzimbeni. Ngokujwayelekile akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-333-586 mmol ngosuku. Kodwa ngokugxila okuphezulu kwalesi sibonakaliso, kungenzeka ukuthi amaprotheni awela emzimbeni. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzila noma ngenxa yokuthatha i-glucocorticoids. Izinga eliphansi le-urea libonisa ukuthi kunesifo esibi nesifo esingenasifo esinezinkinga futhi kukhona ukuphazanyiswa kwesibindi.

Ngakho-ke, i-biochemistry yomchamo iyenziwa. Ukujwayelekile kuncike eminyakeni yobuguli. Mayelana nalokhu okunye.

I-Creatinine ne-microalbumin

Lapho kudala ukubola kwe-phosphate, i-creatinine ikhishwa. Ihileleke ngokuqondile emisebenzini yezincubu zomzimba. Umsebenzi wokuhlunga izinso uphazamiseka ezingeni eliphansi lezinto ezikulo mchamo. Umuntu uthuthukisa i-glomerulonephritis ne-pyelonephritis engapheli.

Iprotheyini ye-plasma i-microalbumin yegazi, ehambisana nomchamo iphuma emzimbeni, nayo inenani lokufundisa. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube ngu-3.0-4.24 mmol ngosuku ngosuku lomchamo. Uma le nkhomba idlulile, ibonisa ukuthi izinso zisebenza ngokukhubazeka. Lokhu kungathinteka yisifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ekuqaleni.

Ezinye izingxenye

I-Phosphorus yiyona into ebaluleke kunazo zonke eyenza izicubu zethambo namaseli amaningi. Isilinganiso sakhe emcinini ngu-0.4-1.4 g ngosuku. Uma kukhona ukwehlukana okuvela kulezi zinkomba kunoma iyiphi enye indlela, enye yezinso zezinso ziphukile, kunezinkinga ngamathambo amathambo.

I-Potassium yinye into ebalulekile, ubudala kanye nokudla kuthinta okuqukethwe kwayo emcinini. Uma umchamo we-urine biochemistry wenziwa ezinganeni, inani elincane le-potassium litholakala kunomuntu omdala. Udokotela ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kufanele akhulume ngokudla nokubusa kwakhe kosuku. Isibonakaliso esivamile siyi-38.3-81.7 mmol ngosuku. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa, umsebenzi we-adrenal kanye nezinso uphukile, futhi kukhona ukudakwa komzimba.

Indima ye-magnesium emzimbeni inkulu. Ihlanganyela ekwakheni amangqamuzana kanye nokusebenza kwama-enzyme. 3.0-4.24 mmol ngosuku kuyinto evamile. Izisusa, izinhliziyo nezomvuthwandaba zihlushwa ngokungaziphathi kahle ezingeni eliphezulu.

I-sodium ngokuvamile ikhona emcinini ngesamba esingu-100 kuya ku-255 mmol ngosuku. Ubudala, ukusetshenziswa kwesawoti le-sodium nokulinganisela kwamanzi kuthinta izinga le-sodium. Ukwehlisa noma ukwanda kwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela, izifo zezinso kanye nezifo ze-adrenal, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-craneocerebral.

I-biochemistry yomchamo ingabuye inqume izinga le-calcium emzimbeni. Lesi yisakhiwo esikhulu sokwakha amathambo amathambo. Uhlanganyela emisebenzini yemisipha kanye nemisebenzi ehlangene. Ubhekene nokuvikeleka kwama-hormone nokuvalwa kwegazi. Njengoba ukwanda kwe-calcium kumchamo, izifo ezilandelayo zihlobene: i-myeloma, i-acromegaly, i-osteoparosis, i-hyperparathyroidism. Izifo ezibulalayo zamathambo, ama-rickets, i-nephrosis iholela ekunciphiseni kwezinga layo.

Umbala we-urine

Umbala we-urine ungatshela mayelana nokuba khona kwezifo. Kuyinto ephuzi elimnyama uma ipholile. Umchamo ongenalutho kulabo abagulayo abanesifo sikashukela, abanezinso zezinso. Umbala omnyama une-melanoma. I-urine nayo ingabomvu. Yilokho okwenzeka ngezifo ezilandelayo:

• I-Glomerulonephritis;
• Ukuvela kwamatshe amso;
• I-oncology ye-vessie noma izinso;
• Hemoglobinuria;
• I-Hemophilia;
• Ukuqhuma kwesifunda esingenalutho noma izitho zangasese.

Umchamo omnyama kwenzeka ngezifo:

• Ukwandisa inombolo yama-urochromates, enikeza umbala omnyama ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-quinine, i-rifampicin, i-nitrofurantoin ne-metronidazole;
• Ukudla okungeziwe noma okuqinisiwe kwamavithamini C no-B;
• I-Cholelithiasis yinkimbinkimbi ye-hepatitis;
• Ukudlula inani elivamile lamaseli abomvu egazi;
• Ubuthi nge-mercury vapor;
• I-Tyrosinemia;
• Ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract;
• Cancer of the umchamo urinary;
• Iziphetho ku-gallbladder;
• Izifo zezinso, kuhlanganise nezinso zezinso kanye namagciwane;
• I-Hemochromatosis ngenxa yensimbi eyengeziwe;
• Polycystosis;
• Umdlavuza wesibindi nama-pancreas;
• I-Vaskulit;
• Utshwala ne-hepatitis yegciwane;
• I-Glomerulonephritis;
• Umdlavuza we-buct wamabhilidi;
• I-syndrome ye-Goodpasture;
• Izidakamizwa;
• Schistosomiasis.