IGrisi yasendulo: the izindaba eziqanjiwe nezinganekwane lomjikelezo iThrojani. IThrojani inganekwane umjikelezo isifinyezo, iziza nezinhlamvu

Ngo zamaGreki, yaseTroy umjikelezo izinganekwane ibekwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Ezweni lanamuhla uyazi ngalezi izindaba ikakhulu ngenxa yeqhawe Homer sika "The Iliad." Nokho, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba e Izinganekwane lokhu isiko lasendulo yayikhona imibiko mayelana iThrojani neMpi. Njengoba kufanele a inganekwane, le ndaba ibe inqwaba abalingiswa eziphathelene inkolo nonkulunkulu.

imithombo

Izenzakalo yaseTroy neMpi , abavubukuli nezazi-mlando ubheke BC XII leminyaka. Ngaphambi edolobheni lasendulo kwatholakala uhambo laseJalimane Genriha Shlimana, wayenokuqonda futhi ithathwa njengendlela legend. Abacwaningi ekufuneni kwabo wathembela hhayi kuphela "Iliad," kodwa futhi 'Cyprus ". Lokhu iqoqo ezixoxwa hhayi kuphela Troy, kodwa futhi isizathu esiseduze empini.

apula yokungezwani

Emshadweni Peleus futhi Thetis abakhileyo Olympus wahlangana. Sibize wonke umutnu Eris. Kwakuwusuku unkulunkulukazi esiphithiphithini nemibango. Wayengafuni ukuthukwa enjalo futhi wagquma etafuleni samaholide apula egolide, okuyinto Simila ehlathini Nymphs Hesperides.

On the izithelo has a ilebula elikhethiwe "enhle kakhulu." I izinganekwane lomjikelezo iThrojani baphikisa ngokuthi ngoba waqala impikiswano phakathi nonkulunkulukazi ezintathu - Aphrodite, u-Athena futhi Hero. Kungenxa yokuthi ngalolu zungu zase zihleliwe isisho "apula yokungezwani" ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba.

UZeyusi unkulunkulukazi bambuza ukuvumela ingxabano yabo futhi ngokuthi enhle kunazo. Nokho, akazange alinge niphathe igama ngoba efuna ukusho ukuthi lokhu u-Aphrodite, kuyilapho u-Athena indodakazi yakhe, noGera - umkakhe. Ngakho-ke, uZeyusi ahlinzekwa ukwenza Paris ukukhetha. It wayeyindodana umbusi Troy, Priam. Wakhetha u-Aphrodite ngoba wamthembisa uthando owesifazane ufisa.

okukhohlisa Paris

Endowed charm Paris wafika Sparta, lapho izivakashi at esigodlweni. Wanqoba uHelen - unkosikazi weNkosi Menelaus, ngaleso sikhathi uye wakhonza eKrethe. Paris wagijima ne intombazane emzini wakhe, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthatha igolide endaweni yomcebo wendawo. I izinganekwane lomjikelezo iThrojani etha ukuthi okukhohlisa united amaGreki, abaye yanquma zimemezele impi ku Troy.

Ngo ibutho amaGreki kwadingeka amaqhawe amaningi edume. Inhloko ibutho Agamemnon ayibonwa. Kwakukhona yena, Menelaus, Achilles, Odysseus, Philoctetes, Nestor, Palamedes, njll Iningi labo lalilisha namaqhawe - .. Lokho, izingane wonkulunkulu abafayo. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kwaba Achilles. WayeyiZwi iqhawe ephelele, ngaphandle nemiphumela ethile engathandeki. Iphuzu ayeligcizelela kuphela ababuthakathaka kwaba isithende. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi unina - Thetis - ibibambe baby umlenze, lapho kwehlisa ke esithandweni kankulunkulu Hephaestus, ukunikeza ingane angaphezu kwavamile. Ngakho-ke saya ibinzana "Achilles esithendeni", okusho ukuthi sibuthaka kuphela.

Eminyakeni eminingi zokuvimbezela

Zonke ebuthweni amaGreki kwakungamadoda acishe abe eziyikhulu futhi inkulungwane imikhumbi. Baya ngomkhumbi zisuka Boeotia. Ngemva cababa amaGreki sanikeza izinkulumo Trojans ukuthula. Isimo sabo ubenikeza uHelen. Nokho, izakhamuzi Troy senqabe babheka ithuba elinjalo.

umkhuzi wempi yawo oyinhloko sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi Hector - indodana ka Priam futhi ngumfowabo Paris. Wayehola ibutho ezikhathini ezimbili esingaphansi ukuthi we Achaeans. Kodwa ohlangothini lakhe ibingamashumi izindonga enamandla ukuthi akekho oye wakwazi ukuthatha noma ukuchitha. Ngakho-ke, akukho lutho kwesokunxele to the Greeks, kodwa ukuqala lokuvimbezela eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Achilles ne okuyingxenye kwezinhloko zamaviyo baphanga engumakhelwane emadolobheni ase-Asia. Kodwa Troy akazange adikibale, futhi ncamashi yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba zidlulile ngaphandle yi, ekuvinjezelweni nasekuxinekeni ukuvinjelwa. Indodakazi Ania Enotrofy wasiza amaGreki ukuthola ukudla kwelinye izwe. Baphenduka ezweni okusanhlamvu, amafutha newayini, uma ukholelwa ukuthi ukutshela izinganekwane yaseGrisi yasendulo. IThrojani umjikelezo sisitshela okuncane mayelana lokuvimbezela eside. Ngokwesibonelo, uHomer Iliad ezahlukweni zokugcina, 41 ngosuku lwakhe th yempi.

Apollo Thuka

Ngokuvamile ibutho lesiGreki uthethe iziboshwa owayesebenza ngaphandle kaTroy. Ngakho, ekuthunjweni kwavela indodakazi Rhys - omunye wabapristi ka-Apollo. Weza ekamu lesitha, umnxuse ukuba ubuyisele intombazane. Yabatshela wathola ukuklolodelwa elibuhlungu kanye nokwenqatshwa. Khona-ke umpristi wabuza umuntu eqhuma inzondo Apollo yokuziphindiselela kahle njengabantu abashiseka ngokweqile. UNkulunkulu wathumela ibutho esiwumshayabhuqe, yona eyaqala ukwenza i sika isosha ngezindawo.

I Trojans osezwile balesi sitha amashwa ezindleleni eziphumela ngaphandle komuzi, futhi uzilungiselele ukulwa enempi obuthaka. Okwamanje lokugcina osomaqhinga nhlangothi zombili ziyavuma ukuthi ukungqubuzana kufanele ixazululwe esigcwele Duel phakathi Menelaus futhi Paris, ogama isenzo futhi waba imbangela empini. IThrojani isikhulu wahlulwa, ngemva kwalokho isivumelwano Ngangimbheka njengomuntu okumelwe sigcwalisekile ekugcineni.

Nokho, okwamanje juqu, elinye lamasosha ovinjezelwe esingu umcibisholo ekamu ngesiGreki. It waqala impi yokuqala evulekile ngaphansi ezindongeni zomuzi. Mayelana nalesi senzakalo ngokuningiliziwe etha izindaba eziqanjiwe nezinganekwane yaseGrisi yasendulo. Umjikelezo iThrojani ihlanganisa ukufa heroes eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, Agenor (indodana omdala Troy) wabulala Elephenor (yinkosi Evbii).

Ngosuku lokuqala impi kwaholela yokuthi amaGreki baqhutshwa emuva ekamu yabo. Ebusuku, azungeza kuye umsele ngalungiselela ukuzivikela. Zombili izinhlangothi sizibophezele umhlaba abafileyo babo. Impi yaqhubeka ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, ukuthi utshela iThrojani inganekwane umjikelezo. Amazwibela is: imali ngaphansi kokuqondisa Hector uphatha ukubhubhisa amasango yesiGreki ekamu, kuyilapho ingxenye amaGreki nge Odysseus uya ukuphenya. Ngokushesha abahlaseli akhishwe ekamu, kodwa Achaeans ukulahlekelwa zazinkulu.

ukufa Patroclus

Sonke lesi sikhathi, Achilles akazange iqhaza izimpi yokuthi i-agumenti nge Agamemnon. Wahlala umkhumbi kanye isilwane sakho Patroclus. Lapho Trojans yaqala ukuvutha inkantolo, le nsizwa wathonyelwa Achilles ukuyiyekela ihambe empini nesitha. Patroclus behlakaniphe izikhali nasezembathweni iqhawe edume. Trojans, bamyisa ngoba Achilles okukhulu isiqala ukubaleka emuva edolobheni. Abaningi babo bawa ngenkemba ezandleni hero yesiGreki satellite. Kodwa Hector akuyona buthaka umoya. Nibiza uzimu Apollo, wasishaya Patroclus wathatha inkemba yakhe endaweni yayo baka-Achilles. Amaqhawe umjikelezo iThrojani izinganekwane kuyaye kuvele ukuthuthukiswa ngesakhiwo kolunye uhlangothi.

Ukubuya baka-Achilles

Ukufa Patroclus kwaba ashaqeka lo Achilles. Yena, wadabuka ngokuthi sonke lesi sikhathi kwaba ohlangothini impi, futhi wabuyisana Agamemnon. Hero wanquma ukuthatha revenge for the kokufa Trojans umngani omkhulu. Kuleyo mpi wathola Hector wambulala. Isidumbu baka-Achilles isitha iboshelwe emotweni yakhe waxosha kathathu emhlabeni Troy. Siphuke imimoya Priam wancenga izinsalela indodana yakhe waba yisihlengo omkhulu. Achilles wanika umzimba esenana igolide, elilingana isisindo sayo. Kuleli intengo ekutshela iThrojani inganekwane umjikelezo. Uzungu main njalo ezihlobene emibhalweni yasendulo ngosizo nezingathekiso.

Izindaba ngokufa Hector, yasheshe kulo lonke izwe lasendulo. Ukuze asize Trojans kwavela iqhawe Amazons kanye mabutho aseTopiya. Paris, ephindiselela umfowabo, esingu-Achilles isithende kumzwise yafa ngemva nje kwalokho. IThrojani uqobo njengongase abe yindlalifa washona ngemuva kokuba elambulala ngu Philoctetes. UHelen ngomfazi umfowabo Deiphobus. I izinganekwane lomjikelezo iThrojani ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ngalezi izehlakalo ezinkulu.

ihhashi lethrojani

Zombili izinhlangothi balahlekelwa esindayo. Khona-ke amaGreki, ngibona ngobuze imizamo yakhe umuzi, wanquma ukusebenzisa ngobuqili. Bakha ihhashi omkhulu wokhuni. Lesi sibalo kwaba eziyize ngaphakathi. Kube wafihla amaqhawe -tonkhe tihlabani takhona yaseGrisi, manje leliholwa Odysseus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani eziyisisekelo amabutho ngesiGreki eyashiya ikamu futhi on shumbi ngomkhumbi ogwini.

Trojans Imangele waphumela ngaphandle komuzi. Bahlangana Sinon, owamemezela ukuthi ukuze ukushweleza konkulunkulu, kumelwe ukusetha sibalo nehhashi nje endaweni yomphakathi ephakathi. Lokhu kwakwenziwa. Ebusuku Sinon ukhiphe amaGreki ezifihliwe owabulala unogada kanye amasango. Umuzi yadilizwa kwezisekelo zawo, bese kwaba abakwazi ukubuyisela. AmaGreki wabuyela ekhaya. Uhambo ukubuya Odysseus Wawugujelwani esiqintini Homer sika "Odyssey" kule nkondlo.