I iThrojani impi

Isizathu sokuba iThrojani neMpi, ayaziwa kubonakala Nokho, ngisho umfundi, ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana kusadingeka. Futhi kufanele uqale kusukela umshado Thetis, unkulunkulukazi ulwandle kanye hero Peleus. Lokhu lomshado wabizwa ngokuthi cishe bonke onkulunkulu, nomunye ngaphandle amancane: Eris, unkulunkulukazi yokungezwani, baye banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo isimemo. Futhi, ngempela ngokwemvelo, yena wacasuka ngalesi zishintshile. Eris idume amahlaya yayo emibi, futhi kulokhu nesasingameseki phansi imikhuba yabo. On the table samaholide ke kwaba ukuphonsa i-apula egolide kuyo ukuthi kulotshiwe ukuthi: "lesidze."

It amangalelwe isihloko nonkulunkulukazi ezintathu: Athena Aphrodite futhi Hera. Futhi ehlulekile kusombulula ingxabano yabo emkhosini. Khona-ke uZeyusi wayala unquma Paris, isikhulu iThrojani, indodana ka Priam. Goddess beza kuye lapho eluse izimvu ngaphandle kwezindonga zomuzi kanye lacelwa ukuba lisize, ngamunye nonkulunkulukazi wathembisa Paris lo omunye umklomelo ngokuba "kwesokudla" ukukhetha. Hera wathembisa Paris dominion phezu Asia Athena - inkazimulo amasosha, futhi abangu-Aphrodite - uthando owesifazana omuhle, uHelen.

Predictably, Paris wakhetha Aphrodite lo muhlekazi. UHelen ngomfazi Menelaus, inkosi yakwa-Sparta. IParis yabe seyaziwa Sparta futhi, indiva imithetho izihambi, wathatha naye uHelen, kanye izigqila ingcebo egcinwa esigodlweni. Lapho bezwa ngalokhu, Menelaus wacela usizo umfowabo, Agamemnon, inkosi Mycenae. Ngokubambisana saqoqa ibutho, okuyinto ngaba wonke amakhosi enezikhulu, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi sabo ukuphakamisa uHelen, wathembisa ukumvikela nodumo kuye.

Ngakho waqala iThrojani neMpi. Thatha idolobha ngokushesha kuhlulekile bahlaseli, njengoba wavikelwa kahle. Ukuvinjezelwa yadonsa isikhathi eside 9 ubudala, kodwa imininingwane kakhulu siyazi izenzakalo zokugcina 10 ngonyaka. Guqula iqala okwamanje lapho Agamemnon komphangayo Achilles ka eyisithunjwa yakhe, Briseis. Wayengumngane nompristikazi e ithempeli lika-Apholo, futhi-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ubuyele, ukugwema ulaka lukaNkulunkulu. Achilles wathukuthela futhi benqaba uchuvstvovat ezingxabanweni olwengeziwe.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi igagasi lempi uye waphambana amaGreki. Ayikho bezinkolo awazange asize, Achilles yayidle ngokuqina esinqumweni sakhe. Kuphela emkhakheni indlela Trojans agqekeze ekamu futhi umlilo eyodwa le mikhumbi, Achilles ukuvumele umngane wakhe, Patroclus, ukushintsha ku zempi lakho ngikuhole ihlukane amasosha akhe. Bona waxosha Trojans, kodwa umholi wabo, eyizibulo Priam, esingamahektare, wabulala Patroclus.

Lo mcimbi kwaholela lentukuthelo baka-Achilles, futhi wabuyisana Agamemnon, waya ngiphindisele izaphula-mthetho. Wathukuthela wangqangqa ukuze abulawe Hector, abopha isidumbu sakhe ukuze kulungiswe inqola yakhe waxosha izikhathi ezimbalwa izungeze lo muzi. Futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho hero ngokwakhe wathola kokufa kwakhe.

Kill Achilles kwaba nzima, iqiniso liwukuthi unina ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa wayicwilisa ku umthombo ezinemininingwane, okwakumenza abe invulnerable. Kodwa ekushoniseni, wayemhlonipha kuye pyatochku. Apollo utshelwa Paris, ngezingcaphuno ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba hit isithende baka-Achilles.

Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, amaGreki waqala ukuhlanganyela yezikhali zakhe, uzishaya babe namaqhawe ezimbili: Odysseus Ajax. Ngenxa yalokho, kakhulu yezembatho zethu waya kuqala, bese Ajax esezibulala. Ngakho, ibutho YesiGreki bancishwa izinhlamvu ezimbili. I iThrojani neMpi wafika entsha soshintsho. Ukuze futhi lapho zivuleka esikalini sehlozi umusa, amaGreki wafonela nezinye izinhlamvu ezimbili: Philoctetes futhi Neoptolemus. Babulala abaholi ababili abasala yebutho iThrojani, okwathi ngemva kwalokho yokugcina saphela niyolwa emkhakheni. Gcina umuzi wavinjezelwa kungaba isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi ngakho-Odysseus, owayedume ngobuqili bayo, wasikisela ukuba ikhohlise Trojans. Wasikisela ukwakha ihhashi omkhulu ezenziwe ngokhuni nililethe njengesipho ukuvimbezela edolobheni, futhi yena sengathi bhukuda. AmaGreki washisa ekamu, bagibela imikhumbi yabo futhi uhambo ngomkhumbi inhlonhlo eliseduze.

Trojans wanquma hudula ihhashi emzini, engazi ukuthi esiswini sakhe ukufihla engcono impi namaGreki. UmPristi Laocoön waxwayisa abahlali ilindele enkingeni, kodwa akekho walalela. Emasangweni ihhashi ayizange iphumelele kanye Trojans badiliza ingxenye yodonga. Ebusuku impi iphuma esiswini ihhashi, ake emzini amaGreki abaye babuyela. Babulala wonke amadoda nabesifazane nabantwana bathunjwa. Ngakho uqede iThrojani neMpi.

Iningi ulwazi lesi senzakalo, safunda enkondlweni "The Iliad", zabhalwa okuyinto isibaluli, uHomer. Nokho, manje Sekutholakele ukuthi, eqinisweni, yilokho lesiGreki yeqhawe lesizwe, okuyinto utshela abakhe emizini, abahlabeleli zendawo, aedy, kanye ne-Homer Kwakumelwe bakhethe edume kakhulu aedov, noma umane ababebuthene ku izingcezwana ezahlukene zibe munye.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside le Mpi iThrojani ayebhekwa njengengxenye inganekwane, elihle inganekwane, kodwa engasekho. Ikakhulukazi, isizathu salokhu ukuthi kwaba ezingaziwa lapho Troy, okusikisela ukuthi lo muzi wawungekho.

Kodwa ke umvubukuli Genrih Shliman atholakala emanxiweni Troy. Khona-ke kwaba sobala ukuthi iThrojani neMpi, umlando lapho utshelwa "Iliad", kwaba empeleni.