I-Typology yamaqembu ezombangazwe: izinhlobo kanye nezici eziyinhloko

I-typology yamaqembu ezombangazwe yenza kube lula ukuqonda indima yabo empilweni yomphakathi nasezombusazwe ngokujwayelekile.

Ezesayensi zanamuhla zezombusazwe, ukwehlukana ngesisekelo seklasi kanye nesisekelo sezenhlalo sekuye kwasakazeka. Ngokwale nqubo, amaqembu alandelayo ahlukaniswa:

1. Iklasi. Ezingxenyeni eziningi, kunezinhlangothi ezimelela izithakazelo zanoma yiliphi ikilasi noma isigaba sabantu.

2. Labo abamele amakilasi amaningana noma amaqembu omphakathi. Isibonelo, eDenmark, ama-Narodniks alondolozayo avikela izidingo zezindleko zezimboni nezomnotho, kanye nezithakazelo zabanikazi bendawo nezinduna.

3. Amaqembu omkhakha ngamunye wezenhlalo noma amaqembu.

I-typology yesimanje yamaqembu ezombangazwe yasungulwa phakathi nekhulu le-20 ngumsosayensi wezepolitiki waseFrance uMaurice Duverger. Wakhetha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-binary classification, lapho abasebenzi nabasemaphethweni amakhulu babonakala khona. Lesi simiso sisekelwe enhlotsheni yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kanye neqembu, kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izigaba eziningana ezithandwa ezweni lanamuhla. Ngakho, phakathi kwabo kukhona okulandelayo:

1. I-Typology yamaqembu ezombangazwe ngokuzikhombisa izinto, ngokusho ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwesokudla, kwesokunxele ne-centrist.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwemvelo yomsebenzi, kanye nokuqukethwe kwemigomo nezinhloso. Amaqembu anjalo ahlukaniswa yizinhlobo ezine: ukuguqulwa, ukuziphendulela, ukuphendulela nokuguquguqukisa.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa esikhundleni sikahulumeni: isinqumo kanye nokuphikiswa.

4. Izinhlobo zamaqembu ngokwemibandela yomsebenzi: ngokomthetho, ngokomthetho-ngokomthetho nangemthetho.

Kukhona futhi ukwahlukana kube yombusazwe kanye nentando yeningi, yezenkolo nezenkolo, njll.

Ngesinye isikhathi, isazi sezenhlalakahle saseMelika sakha ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe, futhi saqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Wabatshela ngokusho kwemisebenzi esebenzayo kanye nenhlangano. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo zamaqembu ezombusazwe zazingezansi:

1. Ngokwehlobo lwe-avant-garde, oluvelele ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa inhlangano yomsebenzi. Usosayensi wezombusazwe ukholelwa ukuthi uma lolu hlobo lokuthola amandla, ngokushesha uzongena emthethweni we-bureaucracy futhi abe yingxenye yesimiso sokuphatha.

2. Amaqembu okhetho. Inhloso yabo yimikhankaso yokhetho. Njengomthetho, kumaqembu anjalo, ubulungu abukali, futhi amathikithi eqembu awakhishwa futhi imali ayikhokhiswa. Imithombo yezezimali isekelwe ngeminikelo yokuzithandela yabanye ngabanye, izinkampani nanoma yiziphi izinhlangano, kanye nokudonswa kwebhajethi kahulumeni.

3. Amaqembu ePhalamende. Uma sicabangela ukusebenza kwabo, kufana namaqembu ekhetho. Kodwa imisebenzi yabo ihluke kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa indlela yokwenziwa komsebenzi wephalamende: ukuthuthukiswa kwemigomo yokuziphatha komkhankaso wokhetho, ukucwaninga kombono womphakathi, okubhekelana nesilinganiso sokuphila kwabantu kanye nezindawo zayo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokukhethwa kwabalingani abafanele kanye nokulungiselela kwabo umncintiswano wokhetho.

4. Party-umphakathi (amaqembu). Ziyizinhlangano ezinkulu lapho izakhamizi zihlangene nezidingo ezivamile zamasiko kanye nokubukwa, futhi kuphela lapho kunezibikezelo ezifanayo zezombusazwe.

5. "I-Pocket" party. Zincane ezinamalungu azo. Zidalwa ngabaholi abahlulekile futhi zibaqondise ohlelweni lwabo ukuze zibone izifiso zabo zokuzikhethela kanye nesifiso sokuzihlanganisa. Abaholi beqembu ngokwabo banquma umzila wokuziphatha kwawo futhi bajabulele ithonya elingenamkhawulo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushicilelwa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe akumele kukhiphe enye, futhi amacala okuhlanganiswa kwawo ayengavamile, okuba yisisekelo esihle kakhulu sokuhlaziya imisebenzi yabo.