UDonald Tusk - UMongameli we-European Council: biography, umndeni, umsebenzi

UDonald Tusk, owazalwa ngo-Ephreli 22, 1957 eGdansk, ungumapolitiki wasePoland ohlala esihlalweni se-European Council, kusukela ngo-Agasti 30, 2014. Ngaphambi kokujoyina lokhu okuthunyelwe, kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2014. WayenguSihlalo weqembu elibusayo- "Civil Platform" (i-Polish Platforma Obywatelska, i-PO elifingqiwe), futhi kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2014. - UNdunankulu wasePoland.

Umndeni

Okhokho bakaDonald Tusk, bobabili emigqeni kayise kanye nomama, bangamaKashubians ngobuzwe. Laba bantu abancane bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yePoland ngasogwini lolwandle lwaseBaltic, kuhlanganise nasedolobheni laseGdansk. Basinda eNkulumweni Yezwe II, okwathi lapho bathunyelwa khona, futhi bavalelwa emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi eStutthof naseNewengamme. Ngo-Agasti 2, 1944, uJózef Tusk, umkhulu kaDonald Tusk, wabhalwa e-Wehrmacht, ngoba wayenabomakhelwane baseJalimane, okwakunikezwa izakhamizi zaseDanzig ngokuzenzekela ngemuva kokubanjwa kwamaNazi. Mhlawumbe washiya, ngoba kakade izinyanga ezintathu kamuva, ngoNovemba 24, 1944, wayephakathi kwamaPolish Corps, alwa nama-fascists ngasentshonalanga.

Ngo-2005, ngesikhathi ukhetho lukaMengameli ePoland, abaphikisi bezombusazwe abavela eMthethweni naseJustice Party bazama ukusebenzisa ukuhlala okufushane kukaTusk emabuthweni aseJalimane futhi, ngokuqondene nalokhu, wayezibophezela ngokungabi nokuthanda izwe.

UDonald ushadile futhi ndawonye nomkakhe, uMalgotzha, ukhulisa indodana nendodakazi. UMikhail Tusk, indodana kaDonald Tusk, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayesebenza njengomlobi wephephandaba i-Daily Gazette Wyborcza, kanti ngonyaka ka-2012 wahileleka embonweni owodwa wezomnotho. Indodakazi yakhe uKatarzyna ngezinye izikhathi ivela kuthelevishini. Wabamba iqhaza enkulumweni yasePoland yohlelo "Ukudansa Ngezinkanyezi", futhi wabhala izihloko zezinye zezingosi ze-intanethi ezihlobene nemfashini. Njengamanje, uTusk uhlala edolobheni laseSopot, eliseduze neGdansk.

Ukhuluma kahle ngesiJalimane nesiNgisi.

Umsebenzi we-Anti-kommanisi

Ubaba kaDonald Tusk wayengumbazi futhi wafa ngo-1972. Ukuhlakazeka kokuboniswa kwabasebenzi ngo-1970 kwakuyisikhathi esiyinhloko ekwakheni imibono yezombusazwe yamaTusk. Waqala ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele emisebenzini yokuphikisana nombuso wamaKhomanisi ePoland. Njengomfundi e-Faculty History of the University of Gdańsk, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 waba omunye wabasunguli bekomidi labafundi basekhaya leSolidarity. Ukudalwa kwakhe kwakuyimpendulo ekubulaweni kwelungu lezinhlangano zamalungelo ezemisebenzi ezibhekele ukuphikisa okuzizwela ukuthi insizakalo yokuphepha yasePoland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tusk yaba nengxenye emisebenzini yama-Free Trade Unions esifundazweni saseNxweme. Ngo-1980, waba ngumunye wabaqambi be-Independent Student Union. Ngo-1980, uDonald Tusk wagcwalisa izifundo zakhe, evikela ingqungquthela yakhe, isihloko esasiyizinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane mayelana nobuntu bukaJózef Piłsudski.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

UDonald Tusk, owayengakaze abe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngaphambili, waqala ukusebenza njengomlobi weSamorządność ("I-Self-Organization") ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kwesiteleka sika-Agasti ka-1980 futhi wakhetha uSihlalo wekomiti yokusebenza yeselula yeSolidarity endlini yakhe yokushicilela. Ngemuva kokwethulwa komthetho wezempi ngo-1981, waxoshwa kule ndlu yokushicilela futhi wavinjelwa imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ngenxa yemibono yakhe yokuphikisa. Kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-1989, ikhanda elizayo le-European Council laliyisisebenzi esilula kubambisene "Svetlik" (Świetlik), eyadalwa ngabashushisi bakaGdańsk, lapho enza khona umsebenzi onobungozi obuphezulu oholwa nguMaciej Plazhinsky.

Izindaba zeqembu

Ngemuva kokuwa kobukominisi, uDonald Tusk, uJan Krzysztof Beletsky noJanusz Lewandowski ngo-1989 baba umsunguli weLiberal Democratic Congress. Ngo-1991, uTusk wakhetha uSihlalo weqembu futhi wafika kuqala kuSeimas, iPhalamende lasePoland. Ngonyaka we-1992, iqembu lakhe lisekela ukungahambisani nokuzethemba ngokumelene no-UNdunankulu uJan Olszewski ngaleso sikhathi, bese kuthiwa uhulumeni omncane ngaphansi komlandeli ka-Olszewski, uHannah Sukhotsky. Ngo-1993, iphalamende laqedwa ngaphambi kwesimiso, futhi okhethweni olulandelayo, i-"Liberal Democratic Congress" ayikwazanga ukunqoba imingcele eyisihlanu. Ngemuva kwevoti elahlekile, isinqumo senziwa ukuhlangana neqembu leDemocratic Union, elifana nehlelo lezombangazwe, eliholwa nguNdunankulu wangaphambili uTadeusz Mazowiecki. Ukubambisana kwezombusazwe okwaholela ekuthiwa yi "Union of Freedom". Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ngo-2000 umzabalazo we-President Bronislava Geremek, iTusk washiya i-Freedom Union futhi ekuqaleni kuka-2001, kanye no-Andrzej Olechowski noMaciej Plazhinski, basungula inhlangano entsha yezombusazwe eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Civic Platform party.

I-Tusk ngasekuqaleni kuka-1997 yayinevoti engaphezu kuka-230,000 okhethweni leSenate yasePoland esuka eGdansk. Wayengumphini we-Sejm, wayengu-vice-sihlalo wakhe kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2005, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho (kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2001) - iphini likaSihlalo. Kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2006, i-Tusk yayimele "i-Civil Platform" ephalamende njengenhloko yeqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2014, naye waba ngusihlalo weqembu.

Ukhetho lukaMengameli 2005

Ekhethweni likaMengameli ngo-Okthoba 9, 2005, ngesikhathi sokuvota kuqala, uTusk wathola u-36.3% wevoti. Lokhu kwakungumphumela omuhle phakathi kwabaqokelwe, kodwa akazange akhokhe 50% ukuze anqobe. Ngo-Okthoba 23, 2005, okwedlule ukhetho lwesibili, uDonald Tusk walwa nommeli weWarsaw Lech Kaczynski, owawathola u-33.1%. UKaczynski unqobe u-53.5% ngokumelene ne-46.5.

Ukhetho lwePhalamende ngo-2007

Ngemuva kokuwa kombuthano wangaphambili kahulumeni ngaphansi kobuholi beqembu elithi "Law and Justice", kwadingeka ukuba kubanjwe ukhetho lwephalamende ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba 21, 2007. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Civic Platform Party inqobe u-41.51% wevoti, kanti uMthetho noBulungiswa, owaholwa nguNdunankulu nomfowabo kaMongameli, uJaroslaw Kaczynski, bakwazi ukuthola ama-32% kuphela. I-"platform platform" e-Sejm ihlangene ne-"Polish People's Party "ngokulinganiselayo, ngokuyinhloko emele izithakazelo zabalimi. Ukubambisana okufundisiwe kwamukelwe iningi lephalamende - abangu-240 kwabangu-460. Amaqembu avumelanise ukwakha ukubambisana ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwina ukhetho.

Kusukela ngoNovemba 16, 2007, iTusk yahola uhulumeni wasePoland, ngenkathi ekhonza njengenhloko-nkulu. Enkulumweni yakhe yokuqala njengenhloko kahulumeni, ngoNovemba 23, 2007, washo isidingo sokusungulwa kokuqala kweSivumelwano saseLisbon nokufakwa kwemali eyodwa yaseYurophu ePoland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobudlelwane neJalimane, ngaphansi kwesandulela sakhe uKaczynski. I-Tusk yabiza ukuvuselelwa kwe-Triangle Weimar - ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kweWarsaw, eParis naseBerlin. Ngisho naphakathi komkhankaso wokhetho ngaphambi kokhetho lwephalamende, iTusk ithembele ekusebenzisaneni ngamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngemuva kokhetho lwephalamende ngo-2011

Ngo-Okthoba 9, 2011 ukhetho lwe-Seimas, iqembu le-Civic Platform lithole u-39.2% wevoti. Ngenxa yalokhu "Platform Civil" ephalamende lalimelelwa ngamaphini angu-206 futhi kwakuyiqembu eliqine kakhulu. Kanye "nePolish People's Party", kanye nokumelwa kukahulumeni okukhulunywa ngolimi lwesiJalimane, abathola isihlalo esisodwa, abangu-235 abavela kuma-460 atholakalayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kusukela ekubunjweni kwe-Third Polish Republic, uhulumeni usekela ephalamende.

September 9, 2014 eMkhandlwini waseYurophu kwakukhona izinguquko: inhloko yakhe uHerman Van Rompuy washiya uDonald Tusk wamiswa esikhundleni sakhe. UMengameli we-European Council uthathe isikhundla sakhe esisha ngoDisemba 1, 2014. Ngemuva kwaloko, uTusk wakhonza njengenkulumbuso kuze kube nguSeptemba 22, 2014, kwaze kwafakwa esikhundleni sakhe ngu-Eva Kopach, owayengumkhulumeli wePhalamende lasePoland.

UDonald Tusk ngeRussia

I-Russia yonke injengoba yanamuhla yamukelwa e-European Union. Ungumsekeli wezigwebo ezilwa neRussia, nakuba ebheka ukuthi ayisebenzi. Umelela ukwakha i-European energy union ukulwa nokuzibusa kweRussia kule ndawo, kodwa lesi sinyathelo asikaze samukelwa. Njengezombusazwe eziningi zaseYurophu, iTusk ikholelwa ukuthi amabutho aseRussia ahlanganyele empini emkhakheni weDonbass futhi afuna ukuphikisana okuqinile kodwa okunengqondo.

I-Scandal nge-wiretapping

Ngemuva kwembukiso ezwakalayo, etholakala ngenxa yokulalela ngokungemthetho izingxoxo zamalungu ahlukene eKhabhinethi, uMongameli wasePoland uBronislaw Komorowski ucele uhulumeni ukuthi ashiye. I-Tusk yavuma ukubamba ukhetho lwangaphambi kwesikhathi, nakuba ekuqaleni wayenqaba iziphakamiso zokuphikisa. Ngo-June 25, 2014, wabeka udaba lokuzethemba kuhulumeni ukuvota eSaeima. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi abangu-237 kwabangu-440 bavotela uhulumeni, u-203 - ngokumelene.