Impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Armored "Rurik" (1892). Kwemikhumbi Russian Imperial Navy

impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Russian "Rurik 'saziwa kulo lonke sibonga wonke ukuba nempi ukungalingani ku-Korean Gulf phakathi nempi Russian-Japanese. Njengoba lizungezwe izwe amatilosi isinqumo ukucwila umkhumbi, ukuze ayizange ithole abaphikisi. Ngaphambi ukunqotshwa kule impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu-Korean Bay ephethwe izinyanga ukuhlakaza amabutho yemikhumbi Japanese, eza ukuhlaselwa Vladivostok.

ukwakhiwa

Adume impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu armored "Rurik" kwaba brainchild zalesi sihlahla aseBaltic. Lokhu umkhumbi yadalwa ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini umjaho sokulwa lasemanzini laseBrithani. Lo mkhumbi kwakufanele abe a Analogue njengabakufanelekelayo IsiZulu Cruisers okusheshayo "Blake." Ngo-1888, lesi sitshalo onjiniyela Baltic baye basikisela iphrojekthi ngesisalungiswa Admiral Chikhacheva futhi ngokuthi i-Naval Technical Committee (ITC).

Okusalungiswa Iphrojekthi kabusha. Ngokuzayo MTK impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik" balahle ezinye amaphutha design futhi imishini yezobuchwepheshe. Imidwebo ziye evunywe uMbusi u-Alexander III. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-May 19, 1890. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili yomsebenzi Baltic Shipyard okulungiselelwe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik". It wethulwa 1892, futhi ngo-1895, umkhumbi waze wasungula.

Kwakuthinta Kusolwa ukuthi lo mkhumbi kuyoba kuqala uchungechunge Cruisers efanayo. Yakhelwe ngemva "Stormbreaker" futhi "Russia" kwakungafanele amawele, futhi ukuhlela kabusha (nge-ukufuduka lenyuke). Ngokuthakazelisayo, "Rurik" impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu eziklanyelwe njengongase abe umngane Interceptor imikhumbi yezohwebo British. Wayelethwa engabe ngakho wasebenzisa uma kwenzeka impi Great Britain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okusetshenzelwa kwaba imfuneko ukwakha imoto ukuthi Ungahambisa kusukela oLwandle iBaltic kuye eMpumalanga Ekude ngaphandle kokuthi ifake uphethiloli ne amalahle. Ukuya kulo mzila, amatilosi kwadingeka aye round kwezilwandle eningizimu cishe kanye nazo zonke Eurasia.

Esikhathini Pacific Fleet

Cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik" Yakhiwa, Navy juqula juba him nga ePacific Ocean. Lokhu redeployment kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukudamba ukungezwani eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Indawo ukubhaliswa mkhumbi omusha kwaba ethekwini Vladivostok. ukungqubuzana kwezikamoya ne-United Kingdom akwenzekanga.

Kunalokho, ngo-February 1904 empini Russian-Japanese. Ngalesi sikhathi, "Rurik", njengenjwayelo, ubekade Vladivostok. Kulandele ukuze hamba uye olwandle nawokushaya ngesikhathi Sino-Japanese ukuhweba namanzi ezokuthutha. Ukuya imikhumbi ulwandle benana ZIHALALISELA ne edolobheni. Babehamba isixuku izakhamuzi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we isigaba, okuyinto ngaphezu "Rurik" yayinama "Bogatyr", "Russia" futhi "Stormbreaker", kwaba isiphazamiso amabutho Japanese. Uma imikhumbi isitha lahlukaniswa ke ukuvikela inqaba ePort Arthur yayiyoba kulula.

"Rurik", esebenza Sea of Japan, ngalokhu, ukuze ichithe ezokuthutha nemikhumbi eyayithwala amasosha kanye wezimpahla lempi, imikhumbi angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini esisogwini amabhange sezakhiwo isitha. Njengoba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwaba kakhulu aphelelwe yisikhathi isenzo ukushaywa kungenzeka kuphela iqembu lonke kunokuba ngamunye. Vladivostok isigaba wabuya kuphela yokupaka, ezidingekayo ukuze ubuyise supply siphela.

Lo mkhankaso wokuqala

Eyokuqala uhambo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu hit Tsugaru Strait. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi ilitshe esilandelayo sizobe emzini Wonsan (Wonsan yesimanje). Nokho, endleleni yomkhumbi ababambanga njengomkhumbi lapho kunesivunguvungu. Njengoba kwakusebusika ekhalendeni, amanzi singena isibhamu, maduzane waphendukela ice. Ngenxa yalokhu, le isigaba baba langakufanelekela senzo. Isimo sezulu kanye sezulu izimo zazingcono ngempela yini engcono. Ukuze ushiye Vladivostok Cruisers kwadingeka ukuba ulinde ophihliza iqhwa kuzovula indlela yabo ngokusebenzisa bay eqandisiwe.

Yilokho ngalokhu kuphazamiseka uhulumeni waseRussia ukuthatha inqaba Chinese ePort Arthur. Imbobo zalo umnkantsha. Osendaweni ezibalulekile futhi elula ePort Arthur wafuna ukuthola Japanese. Kuleli dolobha nasethafeni imikhumbi ababekuwo wavinjwa. Isigaba "Rurik" kwadingeka ukuhlakaza amabutho ukuze angahlupheki isimo port kuze ukusekelwa babe imikhumbi Baltic Fleet. Ngenxa Uqweqwe izibhamu squad wabuyela kafushane ukuze Vladivostok.

Ukuvikelwa Vladivostok

walungisa "Rurik" wizadi port. Cruiser (uhlobo okwakubekelwa armored) agcwaliswa ukudla, kepha wabuye hit umgwaqo. Eyesibili mkhankaso. kwakungekho imikhumbi Japanese olwandle. Kodwa ngisho lolu hambo we isigaba Russian ophoqelelwe isitha baphonse ingxenye amabutho azo ukusabisa Russian.

Ngo-March, le isigaba isitha, ushiye Sea Yellow ngase esiqhingini Askold e uPeter Omkhulu Bay edude Vladivostok. Ngo iyunithi babe zakamuva Japanese umbhoshongo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" futhi "Iwate". Ayehambisana ukukhanya imikhumbi ambalwa. I isigaba esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi Vladivostok. Amagobolondolo landizela wedolobhakazi ayibalulekile, kodwa abantu ngeke kancane wethukile. "Rurik 'basindwe ihange ethekwini ingakapheli imizuzu eyishumi emva isibhamu esokuqala isithunywa savuthela ixilongo. Esikhathini bay kwakukhona ice. Bona uvinjelwe ophumayo okusheshayo esuka ethekwini. Cruisers lamabutho kwaba ngo Ussuri Bay ngesikhathi lapho Japanese wayeshiye kakade izikhundla zabo. Kuqala ukuhwalala, futhi imikhumbi odlula omunye amamayela amabili, futhi ebabona isitha emkhathizwe futhi wayeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e Vladivostok baqala ukwesaba ukuthi Japanese endaweni ethile eduze kwesokunxele okwami.

nezinselelo ezintsha

Ukuhluleka ezinsukwini zokuqala empini kwaholela nobhoko inzuzo ekuphathweni imikhumbi. Uhulumeni tsarist esimisiwe induna Admiral Makarov. Wabeka phambi "Rurik" futhi isigaba sakhe nezinselele ezintsha. Kwanqunywa ukuba ayiyeke le isu kuphangwa ogwini Japanese. Kunalokho, "Rurik" manje kwadingeka ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa amabutho esitha e Wonsan. Lokhu port-Korean kwaba beachhead Japanese, kusukela kwaqala phansi imisebenzi.

Makarov avunyelwe ukuya olwandle kunoma iyiphi Ukwakheka (noma kungaba imikhumbi noma izimoto ngabanye). Wabonisana ngesisekelo yokuthi izikhali Russian ezinamandla kakhudlwana ngaphandle Japanese. Admiral eyayingalungile. Shapkozakidatelskie kwemizwelo eRussia ngosuku olwandulela empini kwakungu kuyinsakavukela. abantu Japanese cha perceive nabaphikisi sina.

Umnotho kulelizwe Asian isikhathi eside wahlala atihambi todvwa. Kwakungenxa nje eminyakeni yamuva e-Tokyo waqala ukuphoqelela kwekuhlela kabusha ebuthweni futhi lasolwandle. amabutho okusha yayakhiwa imodeli Western Europe. Isisetshenziswa yathengwa njengoba angaphandle, kanye nqampuna umhlabeleli kuphela. Ukungenelela Japanese eliseMpumalanga Ekude eMoscow wabheka phansi, abe anaka upstarts Japanese. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu sengqondo sokunganaki nendlela elalahleka wonke impi. Kodwa manje, amathemba yayingacacile, futhi indlunkulu ithemba engcono isibindi amatilosi Russian.

obomvu inhlanzi

Esikhathini esingaphezu kwenyanga, "Rurik 'kwakwenziwa port. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, u-Admiral Makarov wabulawa ngasePort Arthur. Wayesemhlabeni yempi "Petropavlovsk", ihlala eligqitshiwe. Japanese High Command unqume ukuthi ngemva ngokufa okudabukisayo Admiral Russian isikhathi eside akazange pop siphuma uzungezwe abantu ePort Arthur. Ngakho-ke, e-Tokyo ngaphambilini yokuchitha iqembu, ezinze Vladivostok.

Ngalesi sikhathi, "Rurik" waphinde waphumela amatende. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-isigaba ngalapho komuzi Japanese of Hakodate. At sea, wabona isitsha ezokuthutha, okwakubekelwa Umbe ngumuntu torpedo, elaqala "Russia." Iziboshwa batshelwa ukuthi eseduze kuyinto isigaba Admiral Kamimura. Khona-ke imikhumbi Russian babuyela Vladivostok, futhi kungazange kufinyelele Hakodate. Ngu lucky ithuba, kulokhu amaqembu ayehlangana nabo. Kamimura imikhumbi babeqinile kunamanje Russian, okungase kuholele ukunqotshwa nekutsi uphetsa ngalokufanele yini.

Kodwa ngisho kule "Rurik" zisesimweni esibucayi ngempumelelo ukufeza umgomo. Vladivostok isigaba kwadingeka ukuphambukisa ingxenye amabutho esuka ePort Arthur. Kusukela ngo-April Kamimura imikhumbi ayisekho kwesokunxele Sea of Japan, okuyinto kwaba kuphela ebulawa Russia. Ngo-May, kube ukuqondana ngeshwa, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Hercules" wahileleka engozini, wangcwatshwa amawa Cape Bruce. Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo ku isigaba kwesokunxele imikhumbi emithathu.

Combat eStraits of Shimonoseki

Ngosuku lokugcina spring 1904 ezintathu Cruisers futhi wangena ukulwa ukubhukuda. Ngaphambi kokungena Strait of Shimonoseki, bayakhubeka phezu imikhumbi Japanese. Radio opharetha ngobuciko ukubeka umsakazo, ngenxa lapho isitha ayikwazanga ukufaka ukucindezeleka shayela Admiral Kamimura. imikhumbi Japanese zihlakazeke. Ekuseni, kwenkungu emkhathizwe patrol impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Tsushima".

Lo mkhumbi Uzamile ukubaleka kodwa ukufinyelela ogwini. Yaqala ukufuna jikelele. isigaba Russian wakwazi lizothola umkhumbi ezokuthutha "Izumo Maru." Kwakuthinta Ngishoné ngemuva bombardment okukhulu. Kusukela umkhumbi wakhumula yikhulu abantu. Abanye bangene ezindaweni ezihlukene. Crews "Rurik" futhi "Russia" banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo ukuba ahlukaniswe "Gromoboya" futhi wayeka ukuphishekela.

Emnyango Strait of Shimonoseki ovuthayo kwenye izimoto isitha. Lo mkhumbi ngisho wazama ukuya ram "Gromoboya," kodwa lutho weza ngakho. UZulu wadutshulwa ngenhlamvu iphoyinti ububanzi ingenalutho futhi ekugcineni wakhawula ngumuntu torpedo. Lomkhumbi wacwila. Kwaba mayelana abayizinkulungwane nesishiyagalombili howitzers ezinamandla, lapho Japanese babekhuphukela ukuyisebenzisa ukuze ukuvinjezelwa ePort Arthur. Isikhundla sizungezwe lo muzi siya siba sibi kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, le isigaba Vladivostok cishe ibashiye kolwandle, futhi uma uyeka ethekwini, kuphela ngokushesha restock. Isikhathi ukulungisa bese ushintsha izingxenye bakhathale kwakungafanele.

Ukungqubuzana Kugcine

Ngemva elawula kakhulu Agasti 14, 1904 i-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Russia", "Stormbreaker" futhi "Rurik" ekugcineni ebhekene ngoxhaxha Japanese. Kwakukhona imikhumbi eziyisithupha. Bona kuno Court Russian yokuvikela zempi kanye firepower. Vladivostok lamabutho waya imikhumbi usizo uzama ukuphuma encirclement e Port Arthur.

izibhamu Japanese abangu kokudubula izinga nonamandla kunawo 4-emhlanjini. Lesi isilinganiso Okunqumayo umphumela odabukisayo empini. Ekuqaleni le ngozi, kwaba sobala ukuthi isitha inebuhle. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukubuyela imikhumbi ethekwini Vladivostok. Yenza lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka. Izibhamu we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik" bazama ukugcina isitha ezindaweni eziqhele ngokwanele, kodwa ngemva kahle okuhloswe volley umkhumbi ukudla ithole umgodi yingozi.

Ngenxa ewa saphela usebenze amasondo ayo, kulahleke control. I utshaza amanzi linezingxenye. Steering ngumsebenzi futhi ukuzisika abangu kwamanzi ihora. Izindwani Abanye bagibele, ngenxa yalokho amatilosi umkhumbi waba olungenakuzisiza kalowo isimo. isivinini umkhumbi waqhubeka ukuze wehlise, nakuba bekatsatsa inkambo odlule. "Rurik" (impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, 1892) waqala zisale ngemuva enye imikhumbi isigaba. Ibanga anda kancane kancane phakathi kwazo.

ezungezwe

Esikhathini Korea Strait isigaba Russian weza iphansi kwesandla sika-Karl Jessen. Lapho induna waqaphela ukuthi kukhona okwakungahambi kahle, waze wanikela oda, "Russian" futhi "Stormbreaker" ikhava "Rurik" ngomlilo Japanese. iqhinga Diversionary okwaba engenamsebenzi. I nabasebenza wale mikhumbi balahlekelwa esindayo. Itilosi nezikhulu wawela khona efile ngaphansi ezisindayo isitha umlilo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, "Russia" futhi "Stormbreaker" bexoshwa le-Korean Strait. Okokuqala, Jesse Kwethenjwa ukuthi Japanese Cruisers armored, emelela ingozi enkulu, liyakukhuthaza ukuphishekela iwuhlelo futhi ushiye "Rurik" kuphela. Gun umkhumbi wawungahamba ayivikele ekuhlaseleni izitsha wamaphaphu. Uma iqembu wakulungisa ngokushesha umonakalo, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu bazokwazi ukuqhubeka nohambo lwabo emuva ekhaya noma okungenani besiya coast-Korean.

I-Japanese baphuthuma ngempela emva "Russia". Nokho, lapho eseneminyaka engu-sisithole Imperial Navy emikhunjini zone, wabuya empini. Ngalesi sikhathi, "Rurik" ubezama ukuwuqondisa, futhi baqhubeka simelane, nakuba ngenxa kulimaze firepower yakhe kakhulu buthaka. Khona amatilosi Uzame ram imikhumbi Japanese yokukhanya. Labo nakuphuma futhi bagweme ukubanjwa wathutha olude. Zonke bashiyé, ngakho-ke ukuba umuntu alinde kuze umkhumbi uqala ucwile ezungezwe, futhi lapho kufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik" kuyoba akunakugwenywa. Ekugcineni amatilosi Russian umkhankaso torpedo kwesitha kusukela owasinda lokugcina tube torpedo. Nokho, ama-missile target akazange hit.

Oda Ivanov nantathu

Ekuqaleni impi wafa ngukaputeni "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Elambulala futhi kwaba isikhulu esiphezulu okwakuthiwa esikhundleni sakhe. Abantu abangu-800 babulawa ithimba 200, futhi abangaba ngu-300 balimala. I last lokusinda isikhulu esiphezulu uvele Konstantin Ivanov. Ekupheleni ukulwa amahora ayisihlanu, lapho umphumela Kwakusobala kakade, ukuthi indoda yathatha umyalo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaJapane baqala ukunikeza amasignali ukuthi bazimisele ukwamukela yokubuyiswa isitha. Isigaba elaliholwa Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. Ubebuya ekumxosheni "Russia" futhi "Gromoboya" futhi manje elinde impendulo ahaqa nezisebenzi. Lapho noJohane babeqaphela ukuthi zonke izindlela ukumelana isiphelile, wayaleza ukucwila umkhumbi. Ngokuvamile imikhumbi Russian asetshenziselwe le nhloso, amacala ezikhethekile, okuyinto eyisa njalo isitsha. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi base zalimala. Khona amatilosi yanquma ukuvula Kingston - valve akhethekile. Khona-ke amanzi batheleka uhlelo womkhumbi aqinile. "Rurik" (impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu 1892) Ngishoné ngokushesha, sicwila, okokuqala kuze kufike ohlangothini lwesobunxele, bese ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Feat nenkazimulo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu

Russia walahlekelwa empini Russian-Japanese, kodwa ibutho laso futhi lasolwandle kabusha emhlabeni wonke ziye zabonisa isibindi nokuzinikela kwazo emsebenzini. Esikhathini Korea Strait impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik" ishayisane imikhumbi ababe kakhulu zanamuhla nonamandla kunawo wonke kuye. Nokho, Ihamba Obsolete nge zempi abampofu, wathatha ukulwa. Feat impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik" waba kuyancomeka hhayi kuphela ekhaya kodwa futhi emazweni angaphandle, ngisho e-Japan.

Konstantin Ivanov isikhulu nezisebenzi aluphala inombolo 13. Kwakuwusuku isiko asolwandle efinyelela ku-namesakes. Ngemva kwempi kanye nokubuya ezweni lakubo, yena yanikezelwa imiklomelo eminingi (njengabo bonke ozakwabo zakhe). The Emperor, lapho ezwa ekamelweni lakhe, umyalo wakhe eliphakeme ushintshe igama iphoyisa. Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov baba nantathu. Namuhla, ibutho lasolwandle Russian uyaqhubeka ukukhumbula ubuqhawe futhi inkonzo yokwethembeka le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi 1890 umkhumbi wakhonza njengephayona abakhulu umsizi wewashi Alexander Kolchak. Esikhathini eside kamuva, waba undunankulu, bese - omunye wabaholi ukunyakaza White nabaphikisi eyinhloko KwamaBolshevik uhulumeni omusha.

Ngo-1906, i-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik 2" wethulwa. Kwakuthinta ogama lakhe behlonipha eyandulela wakhe, odla izindwani phakathi nempi Russian-Japanese. Lo mkhumbi baba Flagship aseBaltic Fleet. I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik 2" wathatha ingxenye shí eMpini Yezwe I, okuholela umlilo njalo nezinkantolo German. Lokhu umkhumbi futhi abulawe. It hit emayini 20 Novemba 1916 ngasogwini Gotland.