Emkhunjini, gumbi likakaputeni nabasizi bakhe, amakhadi kanye namadivayisi

emkhunjini kwamagama zasolwandle libizwa igama elithi "phandle" nokuthi yilona emuva umkhumbi. Bow ingxenye sikebhe ( "ithangi") futhi phakathi ingxenye ( "okhalweni") zenzelwe ihlanganise amaqembu amasevisi abalulekile, izikhali, kanye amatilosi ukungcebeleka, iwashi khulula. Okuphakelayo emikhunjini olwandle kanye nolwandle - Lendawo kumakhabheni yenduna nabasizi bakhe, Itholakala aft egumbini lenjini bomkhumbi, imiphini gear kanye ophephela. Kukhona amasondo ayo nakho konke izindlela ukulawula. Ngo ekamelweni elihlukile zitholakala zobungoma aft, imiklomelo kanye zemikhosi zobungoma isitsha.

Uyini emkhunjini?

Okuphakelayo umkhumbi ekhulwini XVIII-XIX, ecebile design, kube sekugcineni ngaphandle ngokhuni oluyigugu, eziningi balustrades futhi cornices ezibaziweyo. The ingaphakathi izakhiwo feed bese wazalela izimpawu okunethezeka, iphansi ayegcwele ayegcwele, izindonga nophahla asezindongeni iphucuziwe mahogany. Emkhunjini - lena ingxenye eyinhloko ke kuzo zonke izici.

British shipbuilding amafemu, sekuyisikhathi eside owawengame emakethe of imikhumbi, galleons, itiye izinzipho, frigates futhi corvettes, wazama ukuheha amakhasimende kuyinto izindleko eliphezulu yokuqedela. Ingabe kubhekwe ehlonishwayo ukwakha isikebhe ukuba unabashed kumakhabheni sokunethezeka, ne seaworthiness emkhunjini avame limane lifakwe ngemuva. Futhi njengoba engemuva yomkhumbi womkhumbi kwaba indawo efaneleka kakhulu yokwenza izimfanelo sokunethezeka, konke ukunakwa isikhokhiwe kuya bemikhumbi. Ikakhulukazi oda ezibizayo wagcwalisa ngokuqinile Scottish Scott & Linton.

Okunethezeka elementi

Akekho ukhathazwa ukuthi imikhumbi abizayo nge staterooms zikanokusho ngokuvamile aft waminza, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngesiphepho kancane. Ulwandle akuyona ukunganaki othethelelayo izibalo wanqwabelanisa kwamagagasi aphakeme isitsha ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi siya ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye negolide esindayo candelabra Ithebula iqoqo yakuthatha.

Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu indlela okunethezeka unqobile ingqondo, ukufa umkhumbi enqamula "Titanic", okwenzeka ngo entwasahlobo ka-1912. Yakhiwa Umkhumbi ngesikhathi inkampani ngisemsebenzini shipbuilding "Harland Ukuphela Wolfe" e Belfast futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola umkhumbi omkhulu futhi zikanokusho kakhulu emhlabeni. Mahogany, gilt, usilika, kwezobuciko ingilazi ibala sihlale Ikilasi lokuqala, ngokwesiko esengxenyeni aft we omkhulu olwandle liner ... April 14, 1912, ngemva kwezinsuku ezine kuqale uhambo "Titanic" ngesikhathi ushayisa inguzunga yeqhwa futhi yacwila. Inani melanani isici okunethezeka? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuze kube manje.

Okuphakelayo futhi injini

Njengoba sekunama-screw ophephela ka umkhumbi uma ngenxa Ushintshe okuphakelayo, wabuka kwamanzi kwakumelwe bahlangabezane nezimfuneko zomklamo hydrodynamics. A ebusweni ingxenye engemuva yomkhumbi, futhi, siguqule, kubi kakhulu ngaphezulu, izimpawu wanyamalala okunethezeka yezobuciko. Kancane kancane, yonke ingxenye ezingemuva umkhumbi yaphenduka isikhungo umyalo, elingenalo frills, lapho amathuluzi imishini zasolwandle kanye navigation amabalazwe abangu bagxila.

Isivinini lobubhalo

Ukuma esikebheni bomkhumbi incike ijubane layo uma igijima kanye maneuverability. Ingxenye esemqoka mshini rotary, sise esikebheni, kuyinto amasondo ayo. It ngokuvamile siqukethe ipuleti mpo nge engela ukujikeleza 0 kuya ku-90 degrees. Isebenzisa 60 kuphela lamadigri mpo enyakazayo eziqondisa wohlu, bese kuthi asele degrees 30 zitholakala kule ndawo "ufile" nelithi azisebenzi. Ukuze ngempumelelo turning sikebhe lonke womkhumbi, umkhumbi noma isikebhe edingekayo kusakaza engemuva yomkhumbi yayo phezu ezingeni leliphasi. Uma okungalungile ukubala okuphakelayo wabuka isitsha kuyoba cornering zavalivatsya phezu futhi ulahlekelwe isivinini.

izimpi zasolwandle e-XVIII-XIX eminyaka njalo eba wesifunda efanayo, ngamunye owayekhona wazama ukuvikela okuphakelayo emagobolondweni falling. Ukubhujiswa umkhumbi aft esongela ukufa sekusondele, umkhumbi wasuka ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu embalwa. Futhi uma ingaziki, ngase ngihluleka ukuqhubeka nokulawula, sintanta nje olwandle futhi noma kunjalo lalizobhujiswa. emkhunjini bekulokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile kakhulu ke.