Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Liaoning". I Flagship ngoxhaxha China

China bathengwa Ukraine ngo-1998, sidle wangaphambili izindiza Soviet othwala Navy "Varyag" futhi ngo-2002, ekugcineni ngiyitholile. Ngemva refit eningi ngesikhathi ngisemsebenzini e Dalian enyakatho China umkhumbi eyalwa ngo-September 2012 futhi uqambe kabusha "Liaoning 'behlonipha esifundazweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. Umsebenzi oyinhloko umkhumbi - ukukhonza njengephayona phansi yoqeqesho lasolwandle Chinese ukuba bathole ulwazi ekuqhubeni yesimanje izindiza yenethiwekhi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ezizosetshenziselwa lapho ukuklama nokwakha imikhumbi lesi sigaba.

kwamazinyo umkhiqizo

Ngaphambili, indiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" wayaziwa njengomuntu osindayo izindiza aphethe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Riga". Kwakuwusuku umkhumbi Project 1143.5 (ikilasi "Admiral Kuznetsov") Navy Soviet yesibili. umkhumbi 67,500 ton wathelisa Shipyard Black Sea e Nikolaev, Ukraine, 12.06.85 futhi mhla 04.12.88. It uqambe "Varyag" ngo-July 1990. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1991, ubunikazi wayiswa e-Ukraine. Ngenxa yokushoda ngezimali ukwakhiwa sanqamuka ngo-1992. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-70% umkhumbi othwala izindiza lakhiwa. Ikhipha umkhumbi usuphelile, kodwa kwakungekho ukwakhiwa kwezikhali, ukuchumisa electronics kanye chassis.

China okokuqala zabonisa isithakazelo "Varyag" nabathengayo 1992. abameleli ngokusemthethweni China wavakashela umkhumbi, wamisa phezu quay Nikolaev ngisemsebenzini, kodwa izingxoxo bebelokhu engenazithelo ngenxa yengxabano ngokuthi intengo. Ngenxa yalokho, sidle "Varyag" wasala ngesikhathi esebhokisini labasolwa muntu iminyaka engu-6. Ekupheleni kwawo-1990, umkhumbi waze endalini wathengwa inkampani Chinese e-Macau I-$ 20 million ukuguqulwa ku ekhasino ezintantayo kanye kunepaki. Isivumelwano ne-Ukraine uvinjelwe umthengi ukusebenzisa umkhumbi ngezinjongo ezempi. Ngaphambi ukuthengisa zonke lempi imishini izindiza ukuthi adiliza.

Kusukela yekhasino elintantayo kuya Flagship Navy of China

Ngo-1999, eminyakeni engu-11 ngemva ukuqaliswa, "Varyag" ekugcineni elishiya semikhumbi, eliqhutshwa tugs eziningana eqinile kuye eMpumalanga Ekude. Nokho, lo mkhumbi sinqatshiwe ukuba adabule i-Bosphorus uhulumeni Turkish ngezizathu ukuthi umkhumbi de-akukhuthalele futhi likhulu kakhulu ukuphila kwakhe engozini ukuze nezinye izitsha bezinto ezisemphakathini Strait. "Varyag" wawakhiwe khona eduze Strait ngo iminyaka emithathu. Ngemva uhulumeni waseChina wangenela futhi ngo-2001 Turkey idluliselwe $ 1 million isiqinisekiso, umkhumbi ekugcineni wavunyelwa ukuba aqhubeke nohambo lwabo.

Novemba 4, "Varyag" kwaba nesiphepho 10-iphuzu futhi waphula ihange eduze esiqhingini yesiGreki Skyros. Emva kwemizamo eminingi akuphumelelanga ukuze siphinde sithole ukulawula umkhumbi, indiza enophephela emhlane LamaGreki Coast Guard bashiye le zezisebenzi 7. Ngemuva kokuwa uma uzama ukunamathisela itilosi donsa intambo nethonya wafa Haliva Champion. Lo mkhumbi kwaphinde sezinqandiwe ngosuku olufanayo.

Ngemva kohambo okumatasa "Varyag" ngo-March 2002, Ekugcineni ngafika Dalian Shipyard enyakatho China futhi kwakungekho eqashwe amasosha ngeso elibukhali. Ngesikhathi kucaca ukuthi umkhumbi epaki yokuzijabulisa uyoshintshwa naphakade. Kunalokho, wayiswa Navy of China ucwaningo kanye nokubuyiselwa. Njengoba umkhumbi, China lithole imidwebo kanye nezincwadi phrojekthi. Ngo-2005, othwala izindiza iyiswe Kudokhu owomileyo ube yiziphethu Dalian Shipyard futhi zaveza grey imikhumbi lezindiza ku China.

nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva yaqedwa ngasekupheleni 2006. Khona-ke ngo-Ephreli 2009, umkhumbi waze komunye ezomile-dock ukufakwa izinjini neminye imishini emikhulu. Ukufakwa waqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010. Ngu-March 2011 superstructure kwi emphemeni ongaphezulu komnikelo kwakucishe kuphelele, eseqedile umdwebo bese yezinsiza isusiwe.

"Isitsha Ucwaningo"

Ngo-June 2011, inhloko labasebenzi Yabantu Liberation Army, Jikelele Chen Bingde uqinisekisile ukuthi China yakha umkhumbi othwala izindiza. Kwakuwusuku ukuqashelwa lokuqala olusemthethweni bokuba khona iphrojekthi enjalo. Julayi 27, Ministry China sika National Defence wamemezela ukuthi kabusha ukuhlomisa isitsha "ucwaningo lwesayensi, ucwaningo kanye nezinjongo zokuqeqesha." Eyokuqala yezinsuku ezine ulwandle nokulingwa umkhumbi saba ngo-August, bese waqala kokuxilongwa yesibili ngo-December, ngaphambi kokuba waphindiselwa efektri ukuphothulwa.

Septhemba 25, 2012 umkhumbi ukubeka ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza ngaphansi kwegama entsha othwala izindiza "Liaoning» (CV-16). Ngo-November, eMnyango Wezokuvikela waqinisekisa ukuthi fighter Chinese J-15 kuphothulwe ngempumelelo ilingane ne ukusuka futhi ebopha igiya. Cindezela China kusikisela ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa iqembu lizoqhubeka iminyaka 4-5 kuze umkhumbi ngeke bafinyelele ikhono layo esiphezulu.

izindiza emphemeni ezisekelwe

I Flagship ngoxhaxha Chinese izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" has a evulekile esifushane, aerofinishem ifakwe. Take-off lula khona acinene kummango engela 14 °. Emphemeni ifakwe ikhebula ukubopha. ngamakheshi amabili phezu uhlangothi lomkhumbi lwesandla sokudla ohlangothini hambisa izindiza ezivela lendlu yebhanoyi labagibeli indiza.

I-USS "Liaoning" ithwale 24 "ushaka flying" - esisetshenziselwa emphemeni fighters Shenyang J-15, kuhlanganise double yabo okufana - ukuqeqeshwa fighter J-15S. Ngaphezu kwalokho, linikeza izinhlobo eziningana ezinophephela emhlane shipborne, kuhlanganise ezinophephela emhlane ukukhiqizwa Chinese Changhe Z-18, engu-Z 18J AEW no-Z-18F ASW, Harbin Z-9 kanye Ca-31. Ingqikithi aircrafts zithutha - amayunithi 36.

izikhali

"Variag" ekuqaleni ifakwe antiship missile uhlelo "Granite» (SS-N-9 Umkhumbi ophihlizekile). Isiqalisi iye adiliza nokudayiswa kwemishini yokuhlanza umkhumbi eChina, futhi isisekelo missile - ngesikhathi ukuguqulwa, ukwandisa ubukhulu lendlu yebhanoyi izindiza.

I-USS "Liaoning" uhlelo ifakwe short-range emoyeni ukuzivikela, okuyinto yakhiwa izinhlelo ezine missile ukuzivikela HQ-10 (FL-3000N), ngasinye isiqalisi 18-missile, efana a RIM-116 ohlelweni esetshenziswa US Navy. Ukuguqulwa short-range micibisholo "umoya-to-air» TY-90, HQ-10 ifakwe radar ezimbili yokwenziwa, i homing ikhanda infrared kanye inebanga esiphezulu 9000 amamitha. It izici inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ezimele ikhanda infrared asebenzayo futhi inebanga esiphezulu 10000 m.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-USS "Liaoning" ifakwe ezimbili izinhlelo short-range izikhali uhlobo 1030, amelela 10-emgqonyeni samuntu 730 CIWS lwesistimu. Ukuze 10-emgqonyeni 30 mm isibhamu 2 ezidla ukushaya isibhakela 500 izinhlamvu. Omunye esitolo ngokuvamile icala detachable izinhlamvu udibi Ukubhoboza. cartridges engenalutho befakwa phambili kusuka phansi kohlelo. I isibhamu ilawulwa kusukela ngaphandle, nge rate esiphezulu ayizinkulungwane 3.5-6. Shots / imiz. uhla sokudubula wayo kukhawulwe 3000 m, kodwa imigomo ngokuvamile abathintekayo at ibanga 1000-1500 m.

izinhlelo Ukuxhumana kanye target ukuthola

China sika izindiza yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" ifakwe amadivaysi ezifana navigation:

• radar target ukuthola uhlobo 382 Eagle S / C (phezulu insika isifakiwe);
• radar zasolwandle;
• ukulawula umlilo radar HQ-10 SAM;
• Radar target ukuthola uhlobo 346 nge iqoqo ezine asebenzayo antenna afanayo nge-elekthronikhi ukuskenwa ebhulohweni;
• radar izindiza;
• navigation radar;
• antenna wezokuxhumana;
• satellite dish.

amandla plant

Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Liaoning" ifakwe powerplant ejwayelekile efana ukufakwa umkhumbi "Admiral Kuznetsov" Russian Navy. Siqukethe 8 boilers futhi ezine umusi abaphehla ugesi ka 50,000 amalitha. a. ngamunye. Lo mkhumbi ifakwe ezinamasondo amane nge ezihleliwe iphimbo ophephela.

Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Liaoning": Tartus

Ngo-September 2015 kwabikwa ukuthi iwuhlelo lasolwandle Chinese yaphinde yadlula Suez Canal futhi elibangise ogwini yaseSiriya. Israeli ezempi intelligence iwebhusayithi bathi othwala izindiza "Liaoning" efika e Tartous, Syria, ephelezelwa ekufundzeni ngekusitwa missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Ukufika izindiza zempi nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, kulindelekile maphakathi no-November ngokuqondile eChina nge Iran noma ngosizo ezokuthutha izindiza Russian based ngesikhathi umkhumbi futhi isisekelo Russian eduze Latakia.

IsiShayina uchwepheshe lempi wakuphika lokhu. Wabuye waqinisekisa ukuthi China abasekeli qembu noma abantu eSiriya, ukunamathela indlela eyanelisako begodu umgomo ukuze le nkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo yaseSiriya wezempi kusho ukuthi akukho wempi Chinese aningenanga amanzi yaseSiriya indawo.

South China Sea kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi

Uphi othwala izindiza "Liaoning"? Lo mkhumbi iseduze amanzi China indawo futhi ukhonza njengephayona ngempi esifundeni, lapho ukungezwani lalikhulela amashumi eminyaka, kanye ngokuqeqeshwa izisebenzi kanye zezindiza asolwandle. Ngemva umkhumbi alesi sigaba sesibili iyokwakhiwa ngokushesha, kodwa ukukhiqizwa ayo kuphela. A zithuthukisa yokuqalisa izindiza okumele asetshenziswe futhi, okuyinto, nakuba ivumela izindiza ukuba baphathe wezimpahla ngaphezulu, uma kuqhathaniswa ngamandla izihlilingi kagesi, elisetshenziswa cishe yonke abathwali izindiza US Navy bengayi.

Nge ezimbili imikhumbi lesi sigaba, China iyoba ilungu club elite - kuyinto inani lemikhumbi esebenzayo kuphela Italy naseNdiya. Ngaphandle iyona US Navy sika yempi eziyishumi ngobukhulu emhlabeni.