Victor Vasnetsov (umculi). Life nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa umdwebi odumile Russian kwekhulu XIX

umculi Omkhulu Vasnetsov Viktor Mihaylovich wazalwa ngo-May 15, 1848 e Lopyal ngomzana, umndeni Mihaila Vasilevicha Vasnetsova, umpristi. Okunye ubaba ikusasa indodana yakhe, umpristi, nakubo kule minyaka yokuqala Lo mfana omncane wabe emhlabeni Vasnetsov ukulalela abazali bayo nokubabonisa usephendukele kakade kwaba ezinyathelweni zikayise. Kodwa Isiphelo sakhe kwashintsha kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa. Biography Vasnetsov iqukethe Amakhasi kumiswa futhi iqhakaza ithalenta omunye abadwebi edume kakhulu emlandweni isimo Russian.

Wayengenaso abafundi, njengalapho sivuka V I. Surikova nezinye abaculi abadumile, kodwa amakhono Viktora Vasnetsova wavulwa ukulandela noma yimuphi umdwebi saqala. Futhi abaculi abasha sizama ukufunda "Vasnetsov" semitone, ekhona izindaba yakhe ebonga amaqhawe, esikoleni noma imibala fun, kwenza inkosi landscape ayakhanya.

Izingqungquthela kanye art

Ngo 1858, i-ukuphikelela kayise le Vasnetsov abasha liye lachazwa esikoleni zenkolo, lapho afundela khona iminyaka emine, bese nezifundo zakhe e-Vyatka Theological Seminary. Khona-ke wavula ithalenta umdwebi, futhi umculi esizayo waqala ukutadisha Umdwebo at N. G.Chernyshova, uthisha lolimi. Khona-ke ngomusa uyise Washiya esikoleni sobufundisi kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg, lapho wabhalisa umdwebo bese Art Development School ekilasini Ivana Nikolaevicha Kramskogo. Ngemva kokutadisha esikoleni ngonyaka owodwa, Vasnetsov wayiswa Academy of Fine Arts, wahlala khona izifundo in umdwebo.

umfundi wakhe ukusebenza umculi embukisweni kuwo wonke ukubona ngisho ngaphakathi Academy ukuthi isikhundla sikadokotela sasiya amakhosi neyaziwayo shayela. Izibuyekezo abaculi zihlaba emsebenzini abasha umdwebi Vasnetsov kwakungamadodana nonomusa kakhulu, abagxeki abaningi baye baphawula abaculi abasha njengoba igama elisha kwezobuciko.

Association of the Wanderers

Ngemva kokuphothula Academy of Arts ngo-1873 Vasnetsov umculi waqala iqhaza embukisweni Wanderers, ihlelwe Petersburg naseMoscow. I "lobambiswano" kuhlanganisa abaculi amabili eyaziwa isiRashiya, phakathi kwabo: Kramskoy I. N., Repin I. E., Shishkin I. I., Polenov B. D., Surikov V I. nabanye. Victor Vasnetsov yethulwa ngo ukuhamba nemibukiso ukudwetshwa ezimbili: "Knight ngaleso Crossroads" futhi "Alenka".

Rise futhi bayasilela

Injongo Peredvizhnik kwaba bajwayelene uquqaba ezibanzi wabantu kusukela art Russian. I Imibukiso yayiqhutshelwa kuyo yonke indawo, emadolobheni nasemizaneni, Wanderers athuthukiswe futhi laqiniswa. Iqhakaza "lobambiswano" esenzeka eminyakeni 1870-1880. Kamuva imisebenzi Wanderers aqala ukufiphala ku ngenxa yezizathu eziningana inhloso, futhi agcinwe show sazo sokugcina ngo-1922.

Abramtsevo

umculi Russian Vasnetsov engena "Abramtsevo umbuthano kwezobuciko", eyayihlelwe usozimboni nezobuciko abavikela Savva Mamontov, umnikazi Abramtsevo izindlu. Bahlela umhlangano we abadwebi Okugweda, babhali, bahlatiyi, abaculi ngaphansi kophahla indlu wokungenisa izihambi Savva Ivanovich futhi kamuva emjikelezweni yaphenduka isikhungo esiyinhloko isiko Russian. Abadwebi wafika Abramtsevo wahlala khona izinyanga, ukudala siqu imidwebo yabo engafi. Victor Vasnetsov wayebuye isivakashi njalo, wayephefumulelwe ubunjalo ezazingakaze zithintwe ezizungeze evikelwe, bendabuko amagugu isiRashiya, emasimini, amahlathi kanye nabantu zasemakhaya njengoba iyingxenye ebalulekile indawo.

Academy of Arts

Ngo 1893 Vasnetsov umculi waya Academy of Fine Arts, futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-ilungu Academy, waqhubeka nomsebenzi ezinezithelo emkhakheni wokwakha kabusha isiko Russian. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela Yokuvukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili abathintekayo umculi omkhulu. Vasnetsov akazange iqhaza ngqo imisebenzi ye "Union of Abantu isiRashiya," pravomonarhicheskoy inhlangano, kodwa ngokungaqondile wasekela Black Angamakhulu ukunyakaza ngisho exhasiwe ezinye izincwadi, ezifana "Encwadi usizi Russian." Ngo-1912 umculi yethulwa izikhulu of the Empire, Russian. Futhi waba ilungu elishisekayo we "Society of ukuvuselelwa Russia" ngo-1915, lapho baletha ndawonye abaculi abaningi bangaleso sikhathi.

A ezihlukahlukene okudala

umsebenzi Vasnetsov umculi sika izitayela ezihlukahlukene, esingenakubalwa wathi ezinye abadwebi Russian. He qamba imidwebo besebenzisa izinhlobo aphikisanayo, ngezinye izikhathi akuhambisani nomunye. Imidwebo imvelo basezindlini ngokunakekelwa izinhlamvu zangempela kwathathelwa indawo imidwebo inganekwane. Nokho, njengezinye ngentambo ebomvu kulo sonke isikhathi sokudala umdwebi sihamba izindikimba Epic-zomlando. It wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti main ukuthi badalwa lolu hlobo Vasnetsov: "Heroes" (1898), "Inkosi Ivan lo esibi" (1897), "Ivan Tsarevich phezu Gray Wolf" (1889), "Alenka" (1881) , "Knight lapho kwakuphambana" (1882), "Ngemva Battle of Igorya Svyatoslavovicha nge Polovtsy" (1880).

indaba ephathwayo isonto

Ngobusuku obandulela zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, Vasnetsov umculi, "Heroes" okuyinto, abhalwe 1998, baba lokuhweba yakhe, libhekisela zenkolo indaba ephathwayo. Amadlingozi izithombe uVladimir Cathedral Kiev kanye Ascension Church Petersburg, eyaziwa ngokuthi Cathedral "Msindisi wethu eBlood" phezu Griboyedov Canal. Kamuva, umdwebi ezimpini Umdwebo Ingaphakathi lethempeli Aleksandra Nevskogo, esemgwaqweni enhlokodolobha yase Bulgaria, Sofia. Futhi eMoscow Church of the kukaJesu ngo Presnya Vasnetsov wadala imidwebo ophahleni futhi udonga imidwebo.

umculi Civic

Vasnetsov umculi ngo-1917, kwi-Russian Folk amaqhawe, imidwebo yakhe Fairytale "Fight Dobryni Nikiticha nge inyoka esinamakhanda ayisikhombisa Gorynych" ebhalwe ngo-1918, futhi "Bag of Bones" ngo-1926 kwaba umsebenzi wokugcina umculi omkhulu.

Ngaphezu emidwebweni brilliant Vasnetsov wadala eziningi amaphrojekthi yezakhiwo kanye zomlando:

• Manor Yakhiwa Abramtsevo isonto "noMsindisi Ongcwele" imidwebo Vasnetsov sikanye umculi vd Polenov and umklami PM Samarin (1882)
• Ngo Abramtsevo yayakhiwe "Hut ku Inkukhu Imilenze", gazebos ku Motifs Fairytale (1883)
• Project itshe lethuna Yuri Nikolaevich Govorukha-iNceku, umbhali waseRussia, abalilayo (1896) e-yamathuna ka wezindela eMoscow.
• inkundla Russian ngokuba Paris Umhlaba uMbukiso 1898.
• Project inxuluma IE Tsvetkova, kanye umakhi BN Shnaubertom eMoscow ngo Prechistenskaya chibi.
• Ukuhlela iphrojekthi emnyango eziyinhloko Tretyakov Gallery, iqhaza umakhi VN Bashkirov eMoscow Lavroushinsky Lane (1901).
• inguqulelo kwemibhoshongo Project of the Armoury Chamber Okukhulu ezibiyele Palace eMoscow (1901).
• cross Memorial esihlukanisa endaweni kufa Prince Velikogo Sergeya Aleksandrovicha eMoscow (1908), elabhujiswa futhi kamuva kabusha yi-umqophi NV Orlov, bese sahamba kuya Novospassky Monastery.
• itshe eliyinhloko VA Gringmut kwesokudla-wing isibalo somphakathi, eMoscow, ku yamathuna we Isigodlo Nosizi (1908).
• Cathedral of St Alexander saseNevsky e Miusskaya Square e Moscow, kanye A. wezakhiwo Pomerantsev (1911).
• iphrojekthi wezobuCiko isitembu sokuposa, wadala ukuqoqa izimali ukuze kusizwe izisulu empini (1914).

philately

Vasnetsov umculi kanye nomsebenzi wakhe ngesikhathi bekakhona kahle philately wase-USSR:

• Imali yokuposa isitembu "Tretyakov Igalari" ngu AS Pomansky eyakhishwa ngo-1950. Isitembu okubonisa olungaphambili lwesonto esemqoka ye Tretyakov Gallery, wenza ngo-1906, ngokusekelwe imidwebo ngu Viktor Vasnetsov.
• Uchungechunge izitembu zokuposa elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-25 ngemva kokufa umdwebi Vasnetsov, umbhali - umculi II Dubasov, 1951.
• Imali yokuposa isitembu nge umfanekiso VM Vasnetsov isithombe somculi Ivan Kramskoi ", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1952 e-ITC" brand "ngaphansi # 1649.
• Imali yokuposa isitembu "Heroes" (umdwebo ngu Vasnetsov 1881-1898 biennium) ITC "UMarku" # 1650.
• Imali yokuposa isitembu "Knight ngaleso Crossroads" (1882), wadedelwa ngo-1968, kanye nomklamo abaculi A.Ryazantseva G.Komleva, ITC "brand", №3705.
• iminyaka engu-150 kusukela kwazalwa Vasnetsov sifundzile ukukhululwa Russian nesitembu double isigqebhezana.

Ngoba bonke ukuphila okudala umculi omkhulu, nakhu ayekubhalile emidwebweni eziningana kunabantu. 24 imidwebo umdwebi Vasnetsov wangena Isikhwama segolide yobuciko Russian:

• 1871 - "Gravedigger".
• 1876 - ". Kusukela efulethini efulethini"
• 1878 - "Knight ngaleso Crossroads."
• 1879 - "oluthandwayo".
• 1880 - "Ngemva Battle of Igorya Svyatoslavovicha nge Polovtsy".
• 1880 - "echibini Alenushkiny."
• 1880 - "Magic Carpet".
• 1881 - "Alenka".
• 1881 - "Three inkosazana we Underworld."
• 1887 - "Warriors be-Apocalypse."
• 1889 - "Ivan Tsarevich phezu Gray Wolf."
• 1890 - "Ukubhapathizwa Rus '.
• 1897 - "Humayun".
• 1897 - "The Tsar Ivan le Kubi."
• 1898 - "Heroes".
• 1899 - "Guslar".
• 1899 - "The Snow Maiden".
• 1899 - "Umhlangano nge Oleg bili."
• 1904 - "The Last Judgment".
• 1914 - "Muromets Ilya".
• 1914 - "I Duel Peresvet nge Chelubey".
• 1918 - "The Frog Princess".
• 1918 - "Fight Dobryni Nikiticha nge inyoka esinamakhanda ayisikhombisa Gorynych".
• 1926 - "Bag of Bones".